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World war 1 started with the assassination of Franz Ferdinand. This caused Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia. Russia stepped in to help Serbia. Germany tried to attack France going through Belgium which caused Britain to declare war on Germany because Germany attacked Belgium which was Neutral.

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World War 1 ended when Germany signed a Armistice to end WW1 with Germany surrendering this also marked a victory for the allied countries. With the ending of the war, many countries fell apart and new countries were created in their place. For example, when Austria-Hungry was dissolved Checkozlovakia, Yugoslavia, Austria, and Hungry were created. The ending of the war brought a total number of casualties of 17 million and 20 million wounded during the war. The four years of war very were costly, the war roughly cost all the countries involved around $338 billion.

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After WW1, peace still needed to be worked out so on Jan 19,  1919, a conference was held to establish peace. It took place in Paris, France. The big four were the ones who were in charge of making the decisions. The big four consisted of Lloyd George of Great Britain, Vittorio Emmanuele of Italy, George Clemenceau of France, and Woodrow Wilson of the US.

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The Russian revolution started on March 8, 1917. The revolution started when riots started happening over bread shortages for national womens day. The bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, demanded redistribution of land from landowners. Bolsheviks were seen as saviors, became the majority. Eventually, the soviet union developed into a world superpower after finally defeating germany. Russian revolution ended in June 16, 1923.

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The Mexican Revolution started in 1910 because people began to challenge the regime of Porfirio Diaz. Later in the year, Fransisco Madero came up with a plan that consisted of establishing a democratic republic and to abolish presidential terms. Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata led the revolution and were a big part in the fight for social reform. Pancho Villa led his army in Northern Mexico and Emiliano Zapata distributed land to poor people.

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There are 4 different tools of totalitarianism: police terror, indoctrination, propaganda, and ethnic persecution. Stalin gained power in April of 1922. When he was in power, he made sure that Kulaks (rich peasants) were arrested and sent to labor camps or forced to live in harsh living conditions. A huge event called The Great Purge started on 1936 and went to 1938. Stalin eliminated people that were in the Communist Party because they didn't agree with Stalin's beliefs/rules etc.

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The Great Depression lasted from 1929 to 1939, it was one of the worst events in history leading to many changes in our world. The Great Depression occurred after the stock crash in October 1929. The Weimar Republic was the german government during 1919 to 1933, It actually lasted for a good while until the Great Depression caused it to fail. The economic collapse was the main reason why the Weimar Republic went to dirt. In 1932, six mil people in Germany were without a job.

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Benito Mussolini was a political leader in Italy during 1925 to 1945. Originally he started a paramilitary fascist movement during 1919 and then became the prime minister in 1922 and made his way up from there. Benito Mussolini used his charisma to make people switch to his side so he could have an advantage in becoming Italy's dictator. Fascism basically suggests the idea of a nation being under control of a ruler with absolute power of the people. Another very important person other than Mussolini during this time was King Victor Emmanuel III. He was king of Italy from July 29th 1900 until his abdication on May 9th 1946. His actions actually gave rise to Mussolini's regime and the end of monarchy. Emmanuel chose not to order the army against Mussolini's fascists but instead wanted him to form a government in Italy, which then was the cause of years of dictatorship.

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Adolf Hitler was dictator of Germany from 1933 to 1945 when he died. Hitler is one of the most known world leaders in the world because of all the chaos he caused in Germany and other countries. Nazism is very similar to fascism. Nazism is the idea that liberal democracy and the parliamentary system should be shunned. It includes antisemitism (which is hostility towards Jewish people.) , anti- communism, scientific racism, and use of eugenics. There was a November program called Kristallnacht also known as Night of the Broken Glass. It was created by the Nazi Party's paramilitary services and civilians throughout Nazi Germany. The Kristallnacht lasted from November 9th, 1938 to November 10th, 1938. Adolf Hitler was also considered a fuhrer which was a term used for a leader with absolute authority.