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https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/wind/wind-energy-and-the-environment.php

*Wind Energy is emission free
*Wind turbines have some negative consequences

“Wind turbines do not release emissions that can pollute the air or water (with rare exceptions), and they do not require water for cooling.”

“Producing the metals and other materials used to make wind turbine components has impacts on the environment, and fossil fuels may have been used to produce the materials.”

“Some people do not like the sound that wind turbine blades make as they turn in the wind. Some types of wind turbines and wind projects cause bird and bat deaths.”

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Wind is an emissions-free source of energy

Wind is a renewable energy source. Overall, using wind to produce energy has fewer effects on the environment than many other energy sources. Wind turbines do not release emissions that can pollute the air or water (with rare exceptions), and they do not require water for cooling. Wind turbines may also reduce the amount of electricity generation from fossil fuels, which results in lower total air pollution and carbon dioxide emissions.

An individual wind turbine has a relatively small physical footprint. Groups of wind turbines, sometimes called wind farms, are located on open land, on mountain ridges, or offshore in lakes or the ocean.

Wind turbines have some negative effects on the environment

Modern wind turbines can be very large machines, and they may visually affect the landscape. A small number of wind turbines have also caught fire, and some have leaked lubricating fluids, but these occurrences are rare. Some people do not like the sound that wind turbine blades make as they turn in the wind. Some types of wind turbines and wind projects cause bird and bat deaths. These deaths may contribute to declines in the population of species also affected by other human-related impacts. The wind energy industry and the U.S. government are researching ways to reduce the effect of wind turbines on birds and bats.

Most wind power projects on land require service roads that add to the physical effects on the environment. Producing the metals and other materials used to make wind turbine components has impacts on the environment, and fossil fuels may have been used to produce the materials. Although most of the materials used to make wind turbines can be reused or recycled, turbine blades, as most are currently constructed, cannot be recycled. Researchers at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) established an approach to manufacturing wind turbine blades, employing a thermoplastic resin system. These thermoplastic resins enable a manufacturing process that allows wind turbine blades to be recycled at their end of life and also reduces the energy required to manufacture blades.
Last updated: December 17, 2021

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Wind energy and the environment - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)

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Wind is a renewable energy source. Overall, using wind to produce energy has fewer effects on the environment than many other energy sources. Wind turbines do not release emissions that can pollute the air or water (with rare exceptions), and they do not require water for cooling.

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https://cleanpower.org/facts/wind-power/

Creates a lot of jobs.

Wind helps avoid big amounts of co2

Wind industry has provided over 120,000 jobs in america

https://youtu.be/EYYHfMCw-FI

"Today, more than 65,000 wind turbines across the country are generating clean, reliable power."

"Wind power capacity totals 125 GW, making it the third-largest source of electricity generation capacity in the country. "

"Wind projects delivered $1.9 billion in state and local tax payments and land-lease payments last year."

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Conditioning, collecting, & exporting

Wind turbines produce DC power, which is converted to AC electricity by power converters and transferred to cables buried throughout the footprint of the wind farm. High-voltage electricity is then delivered to the utility scale power grid, which transmits it to homes, businesses, and other end-users.

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Conditioning, collecting, & exporting Wind turbines produce DC power, which is converted to AC electricity by power converters and transferred to cables buried throughout the footprint of the wind farm. High-voltage electricity is then delivered to the utility scale power grid, which transmits it to homes, businesses, and other end-users.

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https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/solar/photovoltaics-and-electricity.php

Turns sunlight into electricity

Systems are expensive

Installed quickly

PV cells and modules will produce the largest amount of electricity when they are directly facing the sun.

PV systems can supply electricity in locations where electricity distribution systems (power lines) do not exist

The environmental effects of PV systems located on buildings is minimal.

PV power plants increased from 76 million kilowatthours in 2008 to about 88 billion kWh in 2020.

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Hydropower Basics | Department of Energy

*Renewable source of energy
*No Co2 or air pollution

“Hydropower, or hydroelectric power, is one of the oldest and largest sources of renewable energy.” “The history of hydropower dates back thousands of years.” “a clean and cost-effective form of energy.”

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https://www.usgs.gov/special-topics/water-science-school/science/hydroelectric-power-how-it-works

Hydroelectric uses falling water (mostly using dams) to turn the turbine. The moving water turns the turbine propeller which goes to the generator, which makes the power
Challenges:
Has an Environmental Impact                      It Displaces People and wildlife

Limited location availability

In both cases a power source is used to turn a propeller-like piece called a turbine, which then turns a metal shaft in an electric generator, which is the motor that produces electricity.
The theory is to build a dam on a large river that has a large drop in elevation.
The shaft from the turbine goes up into the generator, which produces the power. Power lines are connected to the generator that carry electricity to your home and mine.

Videos:
https://www.energy.gov/eere/water/hydropower-basics

https://www.nrel.gov/news/video/hydropower-energy-basics-text.html

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What is Hydropower?

Hydropower, or hydroelectric power, is one of the oldest and largest sources of renewable energy, which uses the natural flow of moving water to generate electricity. Hydropower currently accounts for 28.7% of total U.S. renewable electricity generation and about 6.2% of total U.S. electricity generation.

While most people might associate the energy source with the Hoover Dam-a huge facility harnessing the power of an entire river behind its wall- hydropower facilities come in all sizes. Some may be very large, but they can be tiny, too, taking advantage of water flows in municipal water facilities or irrigation ditches. They can even be "damless," with diversions or run-of-river facilities that channel part of a stream through a powerhouse before the water rejoins the main river. Whatever the method, hydropower is much easier to obtain and more widely used than most people realize. In fact, all but two states (Delaware and Mississippi) use hydropower for electricity, some more than others. For example, in 2020 about 66% of the state of Washington's electricity came from hydropower.

In a study led by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory on hydropower flexibility, preliminary analysis found that the firm capacity associated with U.S. hydropower's flexibility is estimated to be over 24 GW. To replace this capability with storage would require the buildout of 24 GW of 10-hour storage-more than all the existing storage in the United States today. Additionally, in terms of integrating wind and solar, the flexibility presented in existing U.S. hydropower facilities could help bring up to 137 gigawatts of new wind and solar online by 2035.

How Does Hydropower Work?

Hydropower technologies generate power by using the elevation difference, created by a dam or diversion structure, of water flowing in on one side and out, far below, on the other. The Department of Energy's "Hydropower 101" video explains how hydropower works and highlights some of the research and development efforts of the Water Power Technologies Office (WPTO) in this area.

What is the cost of Hydropower?

Hydropower is an affordable source of electricity that costs less than most. Since hydropower relies only on the energy from moving water, states that get the majority of their electricity from hydropower, like Idaho, Washington, and Oregon, have lower energy bills than the rest of the country.

Compared to other electricity sources, hydropower also has relatively low costs throughout the duration of a full project lifetime in terms of maintenance, operations, and fuel. Like any major energy source, significant upfront costs are unavoidable, but hydropower's longer lifespan spreads these costs out over time. Additionally, the equipment used at hydropower facilities often operates for longer periods of time without needing replacements or repairs, saving money in the long term.

The installation costs for large hydropower facilities consist mostly of civil construction works (such as the building of the dams, tunnels, and other necessary infrastructure) and electromechanical equipment costs (electricity-generating machinery). Since hydropower is a site-specific technology, these costs can be minimized at the planning stage through proper selection of location and design.

WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF HYDROPOWER?

The benefits of hydropower have been recognized and harnessed for thousands of years. In addition to being a clean and cost-effective form of energy, hydropower plants can provide power to the grid immediately, serving as a flexible and reliable form of backup power during major electricity outages or disruptions. Hydropower also produces a number of benefits outside of electricity generation, such as flood control, irrigation support, and water supply.

WHAT IS THE HISTORY OF HYDROPOWER?

The history of hydropower dates back thousands of years. For example, the Greeks used water wheels to grind wheat into flour more than 2,000 years ago. The evolution of the modern hydropower turbine began in the mid-1700s when a French hydraulic and military engineer, Bernard Forest de Bélidor, wrote Architecture Hydraulique. Many key developments in hydropower technology occurred during the first half of the 19th century, and more recently, the past century has seen a number of hydroelectric advancements that have helped hydropower become an integral part of the renewable energy mix in the United States.

To learn how to join the hydropower industry and more about science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) workforce development opportunities, visit the Hydropower STEM Portal.

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Hydropower, or hydroelectric power, is one of the oldest and largest sources of renewable energy, which uses the natural flow of moving water to generate electricity.

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Biomass is organic

Biomass can be burned to be turn into energy

"Before biomass can be burned, however, it must be dried. This chemical process is called torrefaction."

"Biomass contains stored chemical energy from the sun."

"Biomass pyrolysis produces fuels such as charcoal, bio-oil, renewable diesel, methane, and hydrogen."

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U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)

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Energy Information Administration - EIA - Official Energy Statistics from the U.S. Government

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Geothermal Basics | Department of Energy

*Renewable energy source
*No Co2 or air pollution

“Geothermal heat is most prevalent in the western United States, where the heat resource can sometimes be spotted from the earth's surface.”
“First used in Italy in 1904, geothermal has been a consistent – and expanding – source of energy in recent years.”

“To produce power from geothermal energy, wells are dug a mile deep into underground reservoirs to access the steam and hot water there, which can then be used to drive turbines connected to electricity generators.”

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https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/solar/

Doesn’t produce air pollutants or greenhouse emissions.

Is a renewable and reliable energy source.

After its initial installation, solar thermal energy is generally low maintenance.

"Solar energy also has some limitations:

The amount of sunlight that arrives at the earth's surface is not constant.

The amount of sunlight varies depending on location, time of day, the season of the year, and weather conditions."

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Energy from the sun

The sun has produced energy for billions of years and is the ultimate source for all of the energy sources and fuels that we use. People have used the sun's rays (solar radiation) for thousands of years for warmth and to dry meat, fruit, and grains. Over time, people developed technologies to collect solar energy for heat and to convert it into electricity.

Source: NASA

Solar thermal (heat) energy

A solar oven (a box for collecting and absorbing sunlight) is an example of a simple solar energy collection device. In the 1830s, British astronomer John Herschel used a solar oven to cook food during an expedition to Africa. People now use many different technologies for collecting and converting solar radiation into useful heat energy for a variety of purposes.

Water for homes, buildings, or swimming pools

Air inside homes, greenhouses, and other buildings

Fluids in solar thermal power plants

Solar photovoltaic systems

Solar photovoltaic (PV) devices, or solar cells, convert sunlight directly into electricity. Small PV cells can power calculators, watches, and other small electronic devices. Larger solar cells are grouped in PV panels, and PV panels are connnected in arrays that can produce electricity for an entire house. Some PV power plants have large arrays that cover many acres to produce electricity for thousands of homes.

Benefits and limitations

Solar energy systems do not produce air pollutants or carbon dioxide.

Solar energy systems on buildings have minimal effects on the environment.

The availability and amount of sunlight that arrives at the earth's surface varies depending on time of day, location, season of the year, and weather conditions.

The amount of sunlight reaching a square foot of the earth's surface is relatively small, so a large surface area is necessary to absorb or collect enough energy to be useful.

Last reviewed: December 27, 2022

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An introduction to solar energy and types of solar energy conversion technologies including solar thermal and solar photovoltaics (PV).

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Bullet points of useful info using solar energy can save you 2,000 a year. It’s safe and it can also hold power for you

Solar is a proven technology

Solar works in many climates

Solar is more affordable than ever

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Solar energy is the fastest growing and most affordable source of new electricity in America. As the cost of solar energy systems dropped significantly, more Americans and businesses have taken advantage of clean energy.

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Solar energy is the fastest growing and most affordable source of new electricity in America. As the cost of solar energy systems dropped significantly, more Americans and businesses have taken advantage of clean energy.

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Solar power can reduce monthly bills for residents who use solar energy

Solar energy is very environmentally safe and beneficial

Switching to solar can help you get more from taxes

Solar energy can charge homes

“Right now, qualifying homeowners who opt to get solar panels can get 26% of their total initial costs back in a federal tax credit.”

“One of the most significant benefits that solar energy will present to you right away is a lower utility bill. Because your energy needs are being met by your new solar system, your energy bills will drop significantly.”

“Solar panels are, of course, powered by the sunlight, so as you’re powering your home, you greatly reduce the emissions you put out into the environment. Additionally, solar energy is not generally associated with pollution, so you will lessen your carbon footprint.

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It's no secret that solar energy is good for the environment. Reducing reliance on harmful fossil fuels alleviates strain on limited resources and ensures the planet will remain a healthy habitat. But when bringing solar into your own domain, there is much to be considered. Take time to get acquainted with the benefits, and natural drawbacks it can present to both business and homeowners. If you are interested in making the switch to solar energy, it is important for you to know the full scope of your investment, so we've tackled the top advantages and disadvantages of making the change.

Advantages of Solar Energy

Disadvantages of Solar Energy

Reduces Electricity Bills

High Initial Costs

Provides Tax Incentives

Time Consuming

Pairs with Solar Battery Storage

Weather Dependent

Environmentally Friendly

Stringent Criteria

The Advantages of Solar Energy

#1. Solar energy reduces your monthly power bill

One of the most significant benefits that solar energy will present to you right away is a lower utility bill. Because your energy needs are being met by your new solar system, your energy bills will drop significantly. In fact, you may even receive credits for the surplus energy that your system produces, which will offset your bill even more.

#2. Solar energy provides lucrative tax incentives

The most talked-about benefits of solar energy are the tax incentives associated with it. Right now, qualifying homeowners who opt to get solar panels can get 26% of their total initial costs back in a federal tax credit. New York State also has a $5,000 tax credit. These incentives have not only given homeowners a faster return on investment for their solar power expenditure, but have also created jobs and caused the solar energy industry to dramatically expand in a relatively short amount of time. The catch is that the incentive programs do have expiration dates, so waiting to install in the future could mean missing out on incentives and major reimbursements.

#3. Solar energy can be paired with solar battery storage

Solar panels and battery storage are an ideal combination when paired together. Battery storage allows you to store electricity and discharge it for later use, which is perfect for people who want to self-produce all of their own power and don't want to be reliant on the power grid or use fossil fuel generators. Home battery backup systems are designed to charge during the day and homeowners can either use that power at night, or save it up to power the house when the grid is down. We recommend having more than one battery installed to be sure that you have enough energy to power your home whenever you need it. Our standard package is two Tesla Powerwall units.

#4. Solar energy is environmentally-friendly

Solar energy is a clean, renewable resource. Many Americans are looking for ways they can be more environmentally-friendly, and solar power checks a lot of boxes. Solar panels are, of course, powered by the sunlight, so as you're powering your home, you greatly reduce the emissions you put out into the environment. Additionally, solar energy is not generally associated with pollution, so you will lessen your carbon footprint.

The Disadvantages of Solar Energy

With all the benefits that solar energy provides, there are some drawbacks that need to be discussed.

#5. Initial costs can be high

Even though renewable energy sources have greatly reduced in cost over the last decade, buying a solar system isn't cheap on day one. In fact, the initial cost of purchasing a solar panel system can be fairly high because you are essentially pre-paying your next 40 years of electricity. While the savings is enormous, not everyone can purchase a system outright, so financing packages are available to allow homeowners to pay-as-you-go and start saving from month one.

A solar system includes solar panels, inverters, wiring, and installation, all of which need to be paid for upfront. That being said, installing solar avoids utility electric bills, so it more than pays for itself over time. Switching to solar with a high quality company maximizes your investment and helps you make the best financial decision you can when it comes to solar. Many banks now offer great financing options and offer free online quotes so you can have all the information you need to move forward.

#6. The permitting process can be time consuming

Many people don't know this, but before installation can occur, you need to have an approved permit from your local government office. Going solar is unlike getting a new roof or replacing your home's windows. Government restrictions can add weeks to months to a project installation. Depending on how strict your local government is and how quickly permits are approved, the process can be drawn out. Because this can be a time-consuming and burdensome procedure, we take on that responsibility by managing the entire permitting process with your local government. Going into your solar project, keep in mind, that this step can add time to a project. It's important to have a clear understanding of the timeline provided by your installer and to stay in close communication with your project manager to make sure this process go as smoothly as possible.

#7. Weather Dependence

Because solar panels rely on the sun to produce energy, you may produce less electricity on cloudy or rainy days. Luckily, however, solar panels don't need 100% sunlight to work and, depending on the cloud density, your solar panels will still be able to pick up some of the sun's energy to give you ample amounts of power your home can bank. Additionally, many users generate excess energy credits in the summer months that can be used during periods of less sunlight like evening and winter time. So if the sun isn't shining, your credit bank is working for you!

#8. Not every roof will meet the criteria for solar

Individual energy needs, available roof space, roof orientation, roof material, shading, and orientation all factor in to determining if your home is suitable for solar. For example, a large, south-facing roof without roof obstructions (like vent pipes and skylights) would be ideal for solar, whereas a system on a small, west-facing roof surrounded by tall trees may not be able to produce the same amount of energy.

We'd love to power the whole world with the sun, but we'll be honest if your home isn't ideal for solar panels. Luckily, community solar is available in our region. You can subscribe to a local project to virtually offset your bill with renewable energy and save an average of 10% monthly.

Get a Free Solar Estimate Today!

There's a reason solar energy systems are becoming more and more popular. Their environmental and financial benefits prove to be worthwhile. Curious if your home or business would be a good candidate for a solar power system? Contact us to start the conversation!

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The Advantages & Disadvantages of Solar Energy - 7 Pros and Cons

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It's no secret that solar energy is good for the environment. Reducing reliance on harmful fossil fuels alleviates strain on limited resources and ensures the planet will remain a healthy habitat. But when bringing solar into your own domain, there is much to be considered.

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https://www.usgs.gov/special-topics/water-science-school/science/hydroelectric-power-how-it-works

https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/hydropower/
“The volume of the water flow and the change in elevation—or fall, and often referred to as head—from one point to another determine the amount of available energy in moving water. In general, the greater the water flow and the higher the head, the more electricity a hydropower plant can produce.”

Doesn’t work well during drought

Reuses water

The faster the water moves and the more water there is the more electricity

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https://justenergy.com/blog/wind-energy-pros-and-cons/

- A wind turbine is used to turn the wind energy into electrical energy.
- Wind energy is one of the cleanest sources of energy.
- Though good for the environment, wind turbines can be dangerous to some wildlife.

“Since wind turbines themselves run strictly on the power of wind generated, there is no need for fuel.”

“...wind energy does not contribute to climate change by emitting greenhouse gases during energy production.”

“Wind energy suffers from what is called intermittency, which is a disruption caused by the inconsistency of the wind itself. Since wind can blow at various speeds, it’s hard to predict the amount of energy it can collect at a given time.”

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Website

https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/hydroelectric-energy/#:~:text=Hydroelectric%20energy%2C%20also%20called%20hydroelectric,used%20this%20force%20for%20millennia.

https://www.usgs.gov/special-topics/water-science-school/science/hydroelectric-power-how-it-works

Video

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q8HmRLCgDAI

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tpigNNTQix8

Hydro electric power is gained by using water to generate electricity.

Hydroelectric plants use reservoirs and waterfalls.

As water falls down the side of the plant it spins large turbines to spin an electric generator.

Hydro power is most commonly dams or diversion facilities.

“Hydroelectric energy, also called hydroelectric power or hydroelectricity, is a form of energy that harnesses the power of water in motion”
“Most hydroelectric power plants have a reservoir of water, a gate or valve to control how much water flows out of the reservoir, and an outlet or place where the water ends up after flowing downward.”
“A hydraulic turbine converts the energy of flowing water into mechanical energy. A hydroelectric generator converts this mechanical energy into electricity.”

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https://www.energy.gov/eere/wind/advantages-and-challenges-wind-energy

*Wind energy is one of the fastest growing energy sources in the world.
*Wind exist everywhere which makes it easy to access
*Wind is a type of solar energy

“For as long as the sun shines and the wind blows, the energy produced can be harnessed to send power across the grid.”

“Wind turbines don't produce atmospheric emissions that cause acid rain, smog, or greenhouse gasses.”

“Land-based utility-scale wind is one of the lowest-priced energy sources available today, costing 1–2 cents per kilowatt-hour after the production tax credit.”

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Advantages and Challenges of Wind Energy

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Wind energy advantages explain why wind power is one of the fast-growing renewable energy sources in all the world.

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https://www.power-technology.com/features/what-is-geothermal-energy/https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/geothermal/#:~:text=Geothermal%20energy%20is%20heat%20within,buildings%2C%20and%20to%20generate%20electricity.

*Where does geothermal come from
*Where its used
*Pros and cons of geothermal energy
*what is geothermal energy
“Geothermal energy is the heat that comes from the sub-surface of the earth.”

“Geothermal energy is used in over 20 countries. The United States is the largest producer of geothermal energy in the world, and hosts the largest geothermal field.Known as “The Geysers” in California”

“Geothermal energy only produces one-sixth of the CO2 produced by a natural gas plant and is not an intermittent source of energy like wind or solar.”

“However, there are some drawbacks to the energy source. Despite low CO2 production geothermal has been associated with other emissions like sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide.”

“Similar to fracking, geothermal power plants have been the cause of mini tremors in the area they operate in and also has a high initial cost to build. It is also described as “the most location-specific energy source known to man” due to its activity being along the tectonic plates of the earth’s crust.”

“Geothermal energy is heat within the earth.Geothermal energy is a renewable energy source because heat is continuously produced inside the earth. People use geothermal heat for bathing, to heat buildings, and to generate electricity.”

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*Wind and Solar energy are being used more.
*You can only use wind energy in windy places like the beach.

*American solar and wind generation are breaking records and being integrated into the national electricity grid without compromising reliability.
*Biomass and large hydroelectric dams create difficult tradeoffs when considering the impact on wildlife, climate change, and other issues.
*Now that we have increasingly innovative and less-expensive ways to capture and retain wind and solar energy, renewables are becoming a more important power source, accounting for more than one-eighth of U.S. generation.

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What Is Renewable Energy?

Renewable energy, often referred to as clean energy, comes from natural sources or processes that are constantly replenished. For example, sunlight and wind keep shining and blowing, even if their availability depends on time and weather.

While renewable energy is often thought of as a new technology, harnessing nature's power has long been used for heating, transportation, lighting, and more. Wind has powered boats to sail the seas and windmills to grind grain. The sun has provided warmth during the day and helped kindle fires to last into the evening. But over the past 500 years or so, humans increasingly turned to cheaper, dirtier energy sources, such as coal and fracked gas.

Now that we have innovative and less-expensive ways to capture and retain wind and solar energy, renewables are becoming a more important power source, accounting for more than 12 percent of U.S. energy generation. The expansion in renewables is also happening at scales large and small, from giant offshore wind farms to rooftop solar panels on homes, which can sell power back to the grid. Even entire rural communities (in Alaska, Kansas, and Missouri) are relying on renewable energy for heating and lighting.

As renewable use continues to grow, a key goal will be to modernize America's electricity grid, making it smarter, more secure, and better integrated across regions.

Dirty energy

Nonrenewable, or "dirty," energy includes fossil fuels such as oil, gas, and coal. Nonrenewable sources of energy are only available in limited amounts. When we pump gas at the station, we're using a finite resource refined from crude oil that's been around since prehistoric times.

Nonrenewable energy sources are also typically found in specific parts of the world, making them more plentiful in some nations than others. By contrast, every country has access to sunshine and wind. Prioritizing renewable energy can also improve national security by reducing a country's reliance on exports from fossil fuel-rich nations.

Many nonrenewable energy sources can endanger the environment or human health. For example, oil drilling might require strip-mining Canada's boreal forest; the technology associated with fracking can cause earthquakes and water pollution; and coal power plants foul the air. To top it off, all of these activities contribute to global warming.

Types of Renewable Energy Sources

Solar Energy

Humans have been harnessing solar energy for thousands of years-to grow crops, stay warm, and dry foods. According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, "more energy from the sun falls on the earth in one hour than is used by everyone in the world in one year." Today, we use the sun's rays in many ways-to heat homes and businesses, to warm water, and to power devices.

Solar, or photovoltaic (PV), cells are made from silicon or other materials that transform sunlight directly into electricity. Distributed solar systems generate electricity locally for homes and businesses, either through rooftop panels or community projects that power entire neighborhoods. Solar farms can generate enough power for thousands of homes, using mirrors to concentrate sunlight across acres of solar cells. Floating solar farms -or "floatovoltaics"-can be an effective use of wastewater facilities and bodies of water that aren't ecologically sensitive.

Solar supplies nearly 3 percent of U.S. electricity generation (some sources estimate it will reach nearly 4 percent in 2022). But 46 percent of all new generating capacity came from solar in 2021.

Solar energy systems don't produce air pollutants or greenhouse gases, and as long as they are responsibly sited, most solar panels have few environmental impacts beyond the manufacturing process.

Wind energy

We've come a long way from old-fashioned windmills. Today, turbines as tall as skyscrapers-with turbines nearly as wide in diameter-stand at attention around the world. Wind energy turns a turbine's blades, which feeds an electric generator and produces electricity.

Wind, which accounts for 9.2 percent of U.S. electricity generation, has become one of the cheapest energy sources in the country. Top wind power states include California, Iowa, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas, though turbines can be placed anywhere with high wind speeds-such as hilltops and open plains-or even offshore in open water.

Other Alternative Energy Sources

Hydroelectric power

Hydropower is the largest renewable energy source for electricity in the United States, though wind energy is soon expected to take over the lead. Hydropower relies on water-typically fast-moving water in a large river or rapidly descending water from a high point-and converts the force of that water into electricity by spinning a generator's turbine blades.

Nationally and internationally, large hydroelectric plants-or mega-dams-are often considered to be nonrenewable energy. Mega-dams divert and reduce natural flows, restricting access for animal and human populations that rely on those rivers. Small hydroelectric plants (an installed capacity below about 40 megawatts), carefully managed, do not tend to cause as much environmental damage, as they divert only a fraction of the flow.

Biomass energy

Biomass is organic material that comes from plants and animals, and includes crops, waste wood, and trees. When biomass is burned, the chemical energy is released as heat and can generate electricity with a steam turbine.

Biomass is often mistakenly described as a clean, renewable fuel and a greener alternative to coal and other fossil fuels for producing electricity. However, recent science shows that many forms of biomass-especially from forests-produce higher carbon emissions than fossil fuels. There are also negative consequences for biodiversity. Still, some forms of biomass energy could serve as a low-carbon option under the right circumstances. For example, sawdust and chips from sawmills that would otherwise quickly decompose and release carbon can be a low-carbon energy source.

Geothermal energy

If you've ever relaxed in a hot spring, you've used geothermal energy. The earth's core is about as hot as the sun's surface, due to the slow decay of radioactive particles in rocks at the center of the planet. Drilling deep wells brings very hot underground water to the surface as a hydrothermal resource, which is then pumped through a turbine to create electricity. Geothermal plants typically have low emissions if they pump the steam and water they use back into the reservoir. There are ways to create geothermal plants where there are not underground reservoirs, but there are concerns that they may increase the risk of an earthquake in areas already considered geological hot spots.

Ocean

Tidal and wave energy are still in the developmental phase, but the ocean will always be ruled by the moon's gravity, which makes harnessing its power an attractive option. Some tidal energy approaches may harm wildlife, such as tidal barrages, which work much like dams and are located in an ocean bay or lagoon. Like tidal power, wave power relies on dam-like structures or ocean floor-anchored devices on or just below the water's surface.

Renewable Energy in the Home

Solar power

At a smaller scale, we can harness the sun's rays to power the whole house-whether through PV cell panels or passive solar home design. Passive solar homes are designed to welcome in the sun through south-facing windows and then retain the warmth through concrete, bricks, tiles, and other materials that store heat.

Some solar-powered homes generate more than enough electricity, allowing the homeowner to sell excess power back to the grid. Batteries are also an economically attractive way to store excess solar energy so that it can be used at night. Scientists are hard at work on new advances that blend form and function, such as solar windows and roof shingles.

Geothermal heat pumps

Geothermal technology is a new take on a recognizable process-the coils at the back of your fridge are a mini heat pump, removing heat from the interior to keep foods fresh and cool. In a home, geothermal or geoexchange pumps use the constant temperature of the earth (a few feet below the surface) to cool homes in summer and warm houses in winter-and even to heat water.

Geothermal systems can be initially expensive to install but typically pay off within 5 to 10 years. They are also quieter, have fewer maintenance issues, and last longer than traditional air conditioners.

Small wind systems

A backyard wind farm? Boats, ranchers, and even cell phone companies use small wind turbines regularly. Dealers now help site, install, and maintain wind turbines for homeowners, too-although some DIY enthusiasts are installing turbines themselves. Depending on your electricity needs, wind speeds, and zoning rules in your area, a wind turbine may reduce your reliance on the electrical grid.

Selling the energy you collect

Wind- and solar-powered homes can either stand alone or get connected to the larger electrical grid, as supplied by their power provider. Electric utilities in most states allow homeowners to only pay the difference between the grid-supplied electricity consumed and what they have produced-a process called net metering. If you make more electricity than you use, your provider may pay you the retail price for that power.

Renewable energy and you

Advocating for renewables, or using them in your home, can accelerate the transition toward a clean energy future. Even if you're not yet able to install solar panels, you may be able to opt for electricity from a clean energy source. (Contact your power company to ask if it offers that choice.) If renewable energy isn't available through your utility, you can purchase renewable energy certificates to offset your use.
This story was originally published on June 15, 2018, and has been updated with new information and links.

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What Is Renewable Energy? Renewable energy, often referred to as clean energy, comes from natural sources or processes that are constantly replenished. For example, sunlight and wind keep shining and blowing, even if their availability depends on time and weather.

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https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/solar/photovoltaics-and-electricity.php

Solar PV is renewable

Solar PV is useless at night

PV convert sunlight to electric energy

"A photovoltaic (PV) cell, commonly called a solar cell, is a non mechanical device that converts sunlight directly into electricity. Some PV cells can convert artificial light into electricity."

"The environmental effects of PV systems located on buildings is minimal."

"PV systems can supply electricity in locations where electricity distribution systems (power lines) do not exist, and they can also supply electricity to an electric power grind."

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Overall,using wind to produce energy has fewer effects on the environment than many other energy sources
Wind turbines do not release emissions that can pollute the air or water.

‘’Wind turbines may also reduce the amount of electricity generation from fossil fuels, which results in lower total air pollution and carbon dioxide emissions.’’

‘’An individual wind turbine has a relatively small physical footprint. ‘
’
‘’A small number of wind turbines have also caught fire, and some have leaked lubricating fluids, but these occurrences are rare. ‘’
https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/wind/wind-energy-and-the-environment.php#:~:text=Wind%20is%20a%20renewable%20energy,not%20require%20water%20for%20cooling

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https://www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/faqs/geothermal-energy/pros-and-cons

Geothermal energy is Environmentally Friendly

It costs a lot

*Geothermal energy is more environmentally friendly than conventional fuel sources such as coal and other fossil fuels. In addition, the carbon footprint of a geothermal power plant is low.

*While there is some pollution associated with geothermal energy, this is relatively minimal when compared to fossil fuels.

*Geothermal energy is an expensive resource to tap into, with price tags ranging from around $2-$7 million for a plant with a 1 megawatt capacity. However, where the upfront costs are high, the outlay can be recouped as part of a long-term investment.

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https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/hydropower/

Relies on the water cycle

Hydroelectricity takes up 7.3% of US total electricity generation

One of the oldest sources of electricity

hydroelectric power is water, hydroelectric power plants are usually located on or near a water source.

the greater the water flow and the higher the head, the more electricity a hydropower plant can produce.

Seasonal variations in precipitation and long-term changes in precipitation patterns, such as droughts, can have large effects on the availability of hydropower production.

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https://www.seia.org/initiatives/about-solar-energy
Solar power is energy from the sun that is converted into thermal or electrical energy
Solar is the world's most popular form of new electricity generation
“We are like tenant farmers chopping down the fence around our house for fuel when we should be using Natures inexhaustible sources of energy – sun, wind and tide. … I’d put my money on the sun and solar energy. What a source of power! I hope we don’t have to wait until oil and coal run out before we tackle that.”

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Made different types of wind turbines for productive wind development Recycle to enhance energy recovery
Straw recycling using black soldier fly larvae Disk model for wakes of different wind turbine designs Composite structure on methane

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https://www.greenmatch.co.uk/blog/2014/08/5-advantages-and-5-disadvantages-of-solar-energy
Additional website-https://sunbadger.com/how-does-solar-energy-work/#:~:text=Essentially%20what%20happens%20is%20that,electricity%20to%20usable%20AC%20electricity.

*Advantages of solar energy
*Disadvantages of solar energy
*How does solar energy work

“Since you will be meeting some of your energy needs with the electricity your solar system has generated, your energy bills will drop…..Solar energy systems generally don’t require a lot of maintenance……Among all the benefits of solar panels, the most important thing is that solar energy is a truly renewable energy source.”

“Although solar energy can still be collected during cloudy and rainy days, the efficiency of the solar system drops……Solar energy has to be used right away, or it can be stored in large batteries. These batteries, used in off-the-grid solar systems, can be charged during the day so that the energy is used at night. This is a good solution for using solar energy all day long but it is also quite expensive…..The more electricity you want to produce, the more solar panels you will need, as you want to collect as much sunlight as possible. Solar PV panels require a lot of space and some roofs are not big enough”

"Essentially what happens is that solar panels record the sun's energy and then work to convert that energy into power for your home. After sunlight hits solar panels, it's captured within photovoltaic cells and transported to an inverter where it's converted from direct current DC electricity to usable AC electricity"

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https://www.acciona.com/renewable-energy/wind-energy/?_adin=02021864894

Doesn’t cause additional greenhouse gasses

Wind energy does not pollute the water, or doesn’t create waste

“Wind power is the most efficient technology to produce energy in a safe and environmentally sustainable manner: it is zero emissions, local, inexhaustible, competitive and it creates wealth and jobs.”

“In addition, wind energy is a “native” energy, because it is available practically everywhere on the plant, which contributes to reducing energy imports and to creating wealth and local employment.”

“ Unlike fossil fuels and nuclear power plants, wind energy has one of the lowest water-consumption footprints, which makes it a key for conserving hydrological resources.”

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What are the benefits of wind power? | ACCIONA | Business as unusual

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In last years people have begun to give more importance to wind power as an alternative to fossil fuels. What do you think? Learn more about wind energy.

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https://www.nrel.gov/research/re-biomass.html

. Biomass can be utilized to make fuels, power, and things that otherwise would have been manufactured with energy sources.,Currently, wood remains the most abundantly available source of energy. Food plants, grassland and woody plants, agricultural or forestry residues, oil-rich microalgae, and the organic portion of industrial wastes are among the other resources.

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Without Biomass the world wouldn't have a lot of resources

The site includes 3 minute long video with lots of info on Biomass

"In addition to electricity and fuels, biomass can also be converted into chemicals for making plastics and other products that typically are made from petroleum."

"Biomass can provide an array of benefits."

"Biomass has been in use since people first began burning wood to cook food and keep warm. "

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https://www.energy.gov/eere/wind/advantages-and-challenges-wind-energy

Wind created jobs, wind turbines are one of the fastest growing American jobs.

Wind energy does not pollute the air like nonrenewable gasses, it is a clean fuel source.

Wind is sustainable

“ Winds are caused by the heating of the atmosphere by the sun, the rotation of the Earth, and the Earth's surface irregularities”

“The U.S. wind sector employs more than 100,000 workers, and wind turbine technician is one of the fastest growing American jobs”

“Land-based utility-scale wind is one of the lowest-priced energy sources available today, costing 1–2 cents per kilowatt-hour after the production tax credit.”