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male :
-stamen consist of filament (contain pollen sacs that produce pollen grain)
-anther (stalk that holds anther).
female:
-ovules (the eggs),
-style (a tube on top of the ovary)
- stigma (which receives the pollen during fertilization).

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Q4: pollen grain germinates and tube cells forms a pollen tube. pollen tube grows down the style towards the ovary One sperms will fuse with the egg nucleus completing syngamy, thus forming diploid zygote (2n).one of the sperm nuclei fuses with nucleus of he ovum thr ovum to form diploigd zygote(2n).The other sperm move toward the two polar nuclei and fused with them producing triploid endosperm nucleus (3n).

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Q4: pollen grain germinates and tube cells forms a pollen tube. pollen tube grows down the style towards the ovary One sperms will fuse with the egg nucleus completing syngamy, thus forming diploid zygote (2n).one of the sperm nuclei fuses with nucleus of he ovum thr ovum to form diploigd zygote(2n).The other sperm move toward the two polar nuclei and fused with them producing triploid endosperm nucleus (3n).

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Q3 :embryo sac are form in ovule. megaspore mother undergo meiosis to form haploid.one megaspore undergo mitosis to become 3 antipodal cell 2 polar nuclei 2synergids and 1 egg cell which called embryo sac

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Q3 :embryo sac are form in ovule. megaspore mother undergo meiosis to form haploid.one megaspore undergo mitosis to become 3 antipodal cell 2 polar nuclei 2synergids and 1 egg cell which called embryo sac

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Q2 :1. Ovule2. cell 1: zygotecell 2 : endosperm

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Q2 :1. Ovule2. cell 1: zygotecell 2 : endosperm

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Q1   Pollen grain are produce in anther.Each anther consists of four pollen sacs or microsporangia.Each pollen sac has many diploid cells - microsporocytes  (microspore mother cells.Each microsporocyte undergoes meiosis, forming 4 haploid microspores Each microspore divides once by mitosis, forming a male gametophyte -pollen grain. Pollen grain consist generative cell and tube cell.

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Q1   Pollen grain are produce in anther.Each anther consists of four pollen sacs or microsporangia.Each pollen sac has many diploid cells - microsporocytes  (microspore mother cells.Each microsporocyte undergoes meiosis, forming 4 haploid microspores Each microspore divides once by mitosis, forming a male gametophyte -pollen grain. Pollen grain consist generative cell and tube cell.

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-Each sperms release from pollen tube will fertilize with two different components of the embryo sac.
-One sperms will fuse with the egg nucleus completing syngamy, thus forming diploid zygote (2n).
-The other sperm move toward the two polar nuclei and fused with them producing triploid endosperm nucleus (3n).
-As triple fusion and syngamy occur in embryo sac, it is termed double fertilization.

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MALE
i) Stamen - male reproductive organ, consists of of pollen sac (anther) and a long supportive filament.
ii) Filament - holds anther in position.

FEMALE
i) Stigma - receive the pollen during fertilization.
ii) Style - leads to the ovary that contains the female egg cells called ovule.
iii) Ovary - where ovules are produced.

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Formation of embryo sac occurs in ovule. Each ovule contain diploid megasporocyte. Megasporocyte will then undergo meoisis producing 4 haploid cell (megaspores), from 4 megaspores, 3 will degenerates while the 1 surviving will undergo mitosis 3 times (without cytokinesis) and producing one large cell with eight haploid nuclei.

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1) ovule
2) egg cell
- produce diploid zygote
polar nuclei
- produce triploid endosperm

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Pollen grain are produce in anther, each anther contain 4 microsporongia and each microsporongia has many diploid microsporocytes (microspore mother cell). Each microsporocytes will undergo meiosis to form 4 haploid microspore. Each microspore then will undergo mitosis to form male gametophyte (pollen grain) that contain tube nucleus and generative nucleus.

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QUESTION 5
male reproductive organ called stamen consist of filament (contain pollen sacs that produce pollen grain) and anther (stalk that holds anther).
female reproductive organ called stamen consist of stigma (landing platform for pollen grain), style (structure where pollen tube grows) and ovary (structure that contain ovule)

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Male-
Anther(produce pollen grain)
Filament(Hold anther)
Female-
Stigma- sticky structures
Ovary- contain ovule
Style- The middle long cyindrical

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Male reproductive organ: stamen,each stamen consist of filament which support the anther.Anther has four sacs containing pollen grains in which male gametes develop.

Female reproductive organ:carpel,which consist of stigma, style and ovary.Stigma serve as landing platform for pollen grain while in style pollen tube grows.Ovary is structure that contains one or more ovules

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Megaspore mother cell(2n) undergo meiosis to form 4 haploid cells.From 4 haploid cells 3 cells degenerate Only one megaspore(n) undergo mitosis 3 times to form 3 antipodal cell,2 polar nuclei,,2synergids and 1 egg cell which called embryo sac

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Male :-

Anther -produce pollen grain

Filament - hold the anther

Female :-

Stigma - sticky structures where pollen grain lands

Ovary - contain ovule

Style - the middle long cylindrical connecting passage between stigma and ovary. Style carries the stigma and exposes it properly for pollination.

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1-ovule
2-cell : egg cell
   product: diploid zygote 
  cell : polar nuclei 
   product : tripod cell

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Anther has pollen sacs,each pollen sac(sporagium)contains many microsporocytes(2n).Microsporocyte (2n) will undergo meiosis to form 4 haploid microspore(n).Each haploid microspore(n) develop into pollen grain by mitosis that consist of generative cell and tube nucleus

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stamens are the male reproductive parts of flowers. A stamen consists of an anther (which produces pollen) and a filament. The pollen consists of the male reproductive cells; they fertilize ovules

ovules are the female reproductive cells, the eggs), a style (a tube on top of the ovary), and a stigma (which receives the pollen during fertilization).

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Question 5
male
1)Stamen-each stamen has two part ,the filament( a thin stalk )and the anther(a sac like container).

female
1)Carpel or often call as pistil
contain;
-Stigma,an enlarged sticky knob where pollen grains land and germinate
-Style,provides a passage for the male gametes to reach the female gametes
-Ovary,encloses one or more ovules which in turn contain one female gametophyte,namely,the embryo sac

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male reproductive organ consist of:
1- filament :anther are on the filament.
2- anthers : within anther are pollen sacs that produce pollen grain.

female reproductive organ consist of:
1- stigma : sticky structure which helps the landing of pollen
2- style : will extend the tube from ovary and allows pollen tube to grow through
3- ovary : form fruit. also contains one or more ovules

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After pollen deposited on stigma, it must germinate and grow through the style to reach the ovule. The microspores, or the pollen, contain two cells which is the pollen tube cell and the generative cell.
The generative cell then divide by mitosis to form 2 male nuclei which one sperm will fuse with egg to form diploid zygote and the other sperm will fuse with 2 polar nuclei and form triploid endosperm.

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MALE
1. anther - produce pollen
2. filament -hold anther
FEMALE
1. stigma - : sticky structure at the top, pollen’s landing platform.
2. style - to assist with fertilization by being the location where pollen tubes travel to deliver sperm cells to the egg.
3. ovary - contain ovule

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Double feetilization occur when one of the sperm fertilizes the egg to form the diploid zygote.The other sperm fertilizes two polar nuclei (2n)to form triploid endosperm (3n)which will become a food source for growing embrio

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pollen absorbs water and germinates by forming pollen tube. then pollen tube will grows towards the embryo sac. the nucleus of generative cells undergo mitosis producing 2 male gametes. then nucleus tube cell degenerate and 2 male gametes enter embryo sac. one of the male gamete fuses with egg cells forming diploid zygote (2n). other will fuses with 2polar nuclei (n) to form triploid nucleus and then develop to endosperm (3n).

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Question 3
embryo sac occur in ovule that form one megasporocyte, then it undergoes meiosis produce four haploid megaspores.Three of megaspores degenerate and the surviving megaspore divides three times produce one large cell with eight haploid nuclei.Four of nuclei will migrate to each end of the sac

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-Involving 2 sperm cells
-One sperm will fertilizes the egg cell to form the zygote
-Another one sperm will fussion with two polar nuclei that form the endosperm.
-After fertilization,ovules form the seed while the tissue of the ovary become the fruit.

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Embryo sac develops from Nucellus tissue. One of nucellar cell differientiates to Megaspore Mother Cell (MMC). MMC undergo reduction division (2-celled) --> tetrad ( 4-celled) --> 3 of cells functional cell undergo transformation into megaspore cell. megaspore cell undergo free nuclear mitotic division to form 2,4,8 nucleate to form 7 celled, 8-nucleate Mature embryo sac

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QUESTION 4
Pollen grain germinate on stigma and pollen tube begin growing down the style. The generative cell nucleus divide by mitosis to form 2 male nuclei(sperm). One sperm fuse with egg to form diploid zygote and another sperm fuse with two polar nuclei to form triploid endosperm

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Megasporocyte undergo meiosis forming of 4 haploid megaspores. Only one megaspores survive and the other will degenerate. The one surviving megaspores will divided by mitosis 3 times and form female gametophyte consists 8 haploid nuclei that will produce embryo sac

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The pollen tube carries the 2 sperms as it moves.Tip of pollen tube enters the ovary, probes through the micropyle and discharges its 2 spermS within the embryo sac.One sperm fertilizes the ovum to form the diploid zygote (later becomes the embryo).The other sperm combines with the 2 polar nuclei to form a triploid (3n) endosperm nucleus in the centre of the large central cell of embryo sac.The large central cell develops into the endospermEndosperm is the food-storing tissue of the seed (for the development of embryo ) .The union of 2 sperms with different nuclei of in the embryo sac is termed double fertilisation

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- embryo sac developed from megaspore mother cell (2n) in ovule.
- megaspore mother cell undergo meiosis tu produce 4 haploid megaspore (n)
- only one megaspore will survive, other will degenerate.
- the survive megaspore will undergo mitotic division three times to form 8 nuclei.

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1. ovule
2. egg cell, produce diploid zygote
polar nuclei, produce endosperm

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1- ovule
2- egg cell: producing diploid zygote
polar nuclei: producing triploid endosperm

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-Embryo sac  begins in the ovule.
-Each ovule contains a diploid megasporocyte
-Then the megasporocyte divides by meiosis produce 4 megaspores which are haploid.
-From 4 megaspores, 3 of them are degenerate and only 1 megaspores will survives.
-The megaspores that are survived, it will divides by mitosis 3 times to form embryo sac with 8 haploid nuclei.

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Question 2
location:ovule

1)egg cell produce diploid zygote
2)Polar nuclei produce triploid endosperm nucleus

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Pollen grain consist 4 microsporangia and each of it have diploid microspore of mother cell. Then, the diploid microspore undergo meiosis  and produced four haploid microspores. The microspores will undergo mitosis to produce tube nucleus and generative nucleus.

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1. Happens in angiosperm when pollen grain lands on stigma
2. Pollen absorbs moisture and germinates, and produces pollen tube within style towards ovary.
3. Generative cells divide by mitosis to produce 2 male gametes(nuclei).
4. Pollen tube enters ovary through micropyle and release 2 male gametes into embryo sac (female gametophyte).
5. 1 sperm (n) fertilizes the egg (n) to form zygote (2n).
6. Other sperm (n) fuses with the 2 polar nuclei [2(n)] to form endosperm (3n).

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1.ovule
2.egg cell- produce diploid zygote
polar nuclei- produce triploid endosperm

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QUESTION 3
Megasporocyte (2n) divide by meiosis and forming 4 haploid megaspores. 3 cells will disintegrate. Only 1 megaspore survives. The surviving megaspore divide by mitosis 3 times to form female gametophyte with 8 haploid nuclei. Two groups of 4 nuclei move to both ends of embryo sac. One nucleus from each both ends move to centre forming 2 polar nuclei. 3 nuclei near the micropyle, 1 nucleus become egg and another 2 nuclei become synergid. 3 nuclei located near chalaza become antipodal cells

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Embryo sac formation occurs in tissue  megasporangium.(within each ovule) . 1 cell in megasporangium-  megasporocyte /megaspore mother cell (2n) undergoes meiosis, forming 4 haploid megaspores . 3 of megaspores  degenerate (and absorbed into the nucellus)

1 surviving megaspore divides 3 times by mitosis (without cytokinesis)  forming one large cell with 8 nuclei (n).Produce embryo sac.

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Describe the male & female reproductive organs in flowering plants

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Pollen grain contains anther that consist of 4 microsporongia. each microsprogia contains diploid microspore mother cells.  each microspore mother cells undergo meiosis to produce 4 haploid microspores. microspores then undergo mitosis to produce generative nucleus and tube nucleus. thus will develop into pollen grain/ male gametophytes.

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Each one of the microsporangia contains diploid microsporocytes. Each microsporocyte divides by meiosis to produce four haploid microspores, each of which develops into a pollen grain. A pollen grain becomes a mature male gametophyte when its generative nucleus dvides and forms two sperm.

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1-ovule
2-cell : egg cell
product: diploid zygote
cell : polar nuclei
product : tripod cell

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1) ovule
2) egg cell
It produce diploid zygote
-polar nuclei produced triploid endosperm

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1.   Begins in ovule

2. · Each ovule contains a megasporocyte (2n).

3. · Megasporocyte divides by meiosis produce 4 megaspores (n).

4. · However 3 megaspore degenerate, only 1 megaspore survives.

5. The surviving megaspore divides by mitosis 3 times to form embryo sac with 8 haploid nuclei.

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pollen is formed in the microsporangia of the male cone, whereas it is produced in the anthers of flowering plants. During this process, the callose is digested by callase and the pollen grains are able to grow and complete the formation of the endospore and exospore.

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1. Ovule

2. cell 1: zygote
cell 2 : endosperm

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Question 4
Double fertilization is when one sperm fertilizes the egg to form the 2n zygote, while the other sperm fuses with two polar nuclei to form the 3n endosperm. It occur in ovary.Before fertilization,polen grain will germination,pollen grains lands on receptive stigma then a pollen tube grows through micropyle.As the tubes grows,two male nuclei form.The tip of the pollen tube enters the ovary through the micropyle.Then two male nuclei discarged into embryo sac .One male nucleus form diploid zygote and the other one,form triploid endosperm nucleus.It is the double fertilization.

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1.ovule
2.cell:egg cell

Product: diploid zygote become seed
Cell:polar nuclei
Product:triploid cell become endosperm

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QUESTION 2
1) ovule
2) egg cell produce diploid zygote
polar nuclei produce triploid endosperm

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Pollen grain are produce in anther.

Each anther consists of four pollen sacs or microsporangia.

Each pollen sac has many diploid cells - microsporocytes  (microspore mother cells.Each microsporocyte undergoes meiosis, forming 4 haploid microspores Each microspore divides once by mitosis, forming a male gametophyte -pollen grain. Pollen grain consist generative cell and tube cell.

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1. Begins within 1 of 4 of the pollen sacs in the anther.
2. Within the pollen sac are microsporocytes (2n)
3. Each microsporocyte divide by meiosis become 4 microspores
(n).
4.  Each microspore divides once by mitosis produces 2 cells;
Generative cell &Tube cell
5. Generative cell form sperm, tube cell form pollen tube (to deliver the egg)

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Based on this video, explain how double fertilization is occur.

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Explain the development of embryo sac

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Figure below shows  an embryo sac of a flowering plant.
1. State the location where the embryo sac is present
2. two cells will be fertilized by male gametes, name the cells and what are the end product
Cell 1: egg cell
Cell 2: polar nuclei

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QUESTION 1
each anter contain 4 microsporangia, each microsporangia contain diploid microsporocytes, each microsporocytes undergoes meiosis to form 4 haploid microspores. Each microspores develop into pollen grain by mitosis that consist of generative nucleus and tube nucleus

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based on picture given, explain the development of this structure