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-Blood is a body fluid in humans and other animals that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen.
-Blood is a transport liquid pumped by the heart to all parts of the body.
-this process continues on and on.

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The blood circulatory system  also known as the cardiovascular system delivers nutrients and oxygen to all cells in the body. It consists of the heart and the blood vessels running through the entire body. The arteries carry blood away from the heart; the veins carry it back to the heart. The system of blood vessels resembles a tree, The trunk which is the aorta branches into large arteries, which lead to smaller and smaller vessels. The smallest arteries end in a network of tiny vessels known as the capillary network.

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There isn't only one blood circulatory system in the human body, but two, which are connected: The systemic circulation provides organs, tissues and cells with blood so that they get oxygen and other vital substances. The pulmonary circulation is where the fresh oxygen we breathe in enters the blood. At the same time, carbon dioxide is released from the blood.

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Conditions related to the functioning on heart.

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Conditions related to the functioning on heart.

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What is Cardiac Arrest?

Cardiac arrest is a sudden loss of blood flow resulting from the failure of the heart to pump effectively.

What are the symptoms of a Cardiac Arrest?

The 1st thing, or one of the 1st things that an individual will experience is loss of consciousness or fainting. Lack of Pulse and no sign of breathing.

Some individuals may experience chest pain, shortness of breath, or nausea before cardiac arrest

Hypertension:

Rise in blood pressure is called as Hypertension.

The pressure of the blood when the heart contracts is called as Systolic pressure

The pressure of the blood when the heart relaxes is called Diastolic pressure

Normal blood pressure :- 120/80 mm of HG

A small rise:- 140/90 mm of HG

Pressure is checked using an instrument called sphygmomanometer

Common ways to reduce a rise in blood pressure: Yoga, eating a balanced diet, reducing salt.

Palpitations:

Palpitations are basically when the heart beats faster than usual

The effects are heart skips a beat or flutters

They are not very serious

they're caused by stress and anxiety, or because you’ve had too much caffeine, nicotine, or alcohol.

The side effects are shortness of breath , fainting and chest pain

You can avoid palpitations by performing relaxation techniques, keeping hydrated, avoiding alcohol use.

Coronary artery disease - Coronary artery disease (CAD), the most common heart disease, occurs when LDL, or "bad" cholesterol, builds up plaque in your heart's arteries.

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Blood is circulated in our body through a network of blood vessels. These blood vessels are of three types, namely arteries, veins and capillaries.

Arteries - Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. the Aorta is the largest artery in the body and it branches off into two main coronary arteries - the right and left coronary arteries.

Veins - Like arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, veins carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart.Pulmonary veins are an exception as they carry oxygenated blood from lungs to heart. Smaller veins in lower and middle body parts combine into a larger vein called inferior vena cava and the same happens for the upper half of the body where they combine into a larger vein called superior vena cava, they carry blood to the right atrium of the heart.

Capillaries - They are extremely thin blood vessels, they connect arteries and veins. Exchange of waste nutrients and gases occur between the cells and the blood capillaries.

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*Group B: The surface of the red blood cells contains B antigen, and the plasma has anti-A antibody. Anti-A antibody would attack blood cells that contain A antigen. Group AB: The red blood cells have both A and B antigens, but the plasma does not contain anti-A or anti-B antibodies.
*In total, 10% of people belong to blood group B, making it one of the least common blood groups.
*In a survey of German doctors aged >75 years, group O appeared to be associated with longer life expectancy. Findings of two studies performed on centenarians were contradictory. Blood type B was observed more frequently in 269 Japanese centenarians (29.4%) than in controls (21.9%)
*Latin American: 53% O-positive, 29% A-positive, and 9% B-positive. Asian: 39% O-positive, 27% A-positive, and 25% B-positive.

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1. RBC
(i) Red Pigment due to Haemoglobin
(ii) Helps in transports Respiratory Gases
2. WBC
(i) Provides Immunity to the body

3. Platelets
(i) causes Clotting of Blood

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chambers-
left and right ventricle and atrium
valves-
pulmonary, mitral, tricuspid, aortic valves
pacemaker and septum.