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Convergence culture is the ﬂow of content across multiple media platforms, the cooperation between multiple media industries, and the migratory behavior of media audiences who will go almost anywhere in search of the kinds of entertainment experiences they want.

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Gutenberg invented the printing press, and published the Gutenberg Bible.

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What are some outcomes of the printing press?

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What are some outcomes of the printing press?

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The printing press resulted in literature becoming more available and affordable, the Protestant Reformation, and the Scientific Revolution.

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Papyrus

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How does media respond to political restraints? 

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How does media respond to political restraints? 

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Preemption - media industries preempt external regulation by engaging in a public form of self-regulation.
Interpretation - media organizations have the power to read regulations in ways that match their agendas.
Ignore regulations
Challenge regulations - if they have $, media organizations can try to alter them

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A permanent image on silver-coated copper plate treated with iodine vapor. When the plate is exposed to light through a camera, it is covered with mercury and fixed with sodium thiosulfate. Created by Louis Daguerre, and presented as a free gift to the world

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Encoding - the creation of a message (produced and sent by the speaker)
Decoding - listeners/audience interpret the meaning of the message

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Newspapers that were cheaply produced an sold (1 cent). The Industrial Revolution made it possible to replace expensive handmade paper with cheap machine-made paper. Penny papers shifted focus to advertising revenue

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Illuminated manuscripts were books that were usually produced by monks as part of their religious practice and devotion. They would copy religious manuscripts onto paper and illuminate them with painted images of embellishment/illustration and decoration, oftentimes with gold or silver. The height of illuminated manuscripts was during the Medieval times, around 1100-1600. Sometimes they would decorate the capital letters that would spill into the margins and were considered a form of art. The portability of manuscripts allowed them to take ideas from one region/period to another. Because the process was so laborious and time-consuming, so they were only owned by the elite as they were very expensive. Pages were generally made from animal skin. Wealthy patrons would commission some of them for their personal libraries. Private workshops flourished in French and Italian cities in 13th and 15th century. Illuminated manuscripts declined when the printing press revolutionized printing

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The science of communications and automatic control systems in both machines and living things.

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How do we define genre in a media sense?

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How do we define genre in a media sense?

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Genre is a category of cultural production characterized by specific styles, conventions, and rules. Genre in the media sends us messages about an idealized kind of life. We pick our interest in genres based on what we like to watch.

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Ideas of the ruling class in a society become the dominant (normal) means of interpretation. They become accepted as our own ideologies even if they don't reflect our interests.

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1-on-1 communication, each person is the sender and receiver equally, there is continuous feedback, there is full sensory integration (when talking to someone you can see all their emotions/expressions), it is spontaneous (the things we say aren't planned/it just flows), there are equal norms, and it is typically private.

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What is mass media (communication context)? 

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What is mass media (communication context)? 

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There are only a few senders but many receivers (1 person/group from the industry vs. an audience), there is limited feedback, there are tech. limitations (no sensory integration), it's planned, there is a power imbalance (users and audience have less power than the sender(s)), it's mostly public (feedback is kept in databases), it's more regulated (more rules and laws)

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Technological determinism is when technology itself causes change. Technological determinists stress on the unavoidable and major effects of technologies on organizations, societies and users. Critics contend that there is no human agency as people do not use technology as much as they are used by technology and things happen through their actions and decisions, not from technology.

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Early films' practice of sparking audiences' curiosity through their eye-catching visual features.

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Primarily cultural influences.

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the system of meaning that describes how we define, explain, and make judgements about the world. Ideology is concerned with how media represents the world and how it should be. We are constantly getting shaped by the representations and ideologies in media.