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British establish political control Date - 1858. By Saatvik Batra

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British establish political control Date - 1858. By Saatvik Batra

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Description
After the mutiny of 1857, the control of colonial India was transferred from the East India Company to the crown. This means that India was directly controlled by the queen. Queen Victoria was declared Empress of India in 1877.

Explanation - Create mass support

The Indian people were losing their freedom and had to pay and respect the British to live in their own country. This exhaustion sparked the nationalism and need for freedom in the Indian minds which led to the birth of freedom fighters such as Gandhi. As a revolt, Indian citizens refused to follow the rules instituted by the British government.

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Indian National Congress - 28 December 1885 by Ho-Yuan

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Indian National Congress - 28 December 1885 by Ho-Yuan

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Description

The Indian National Congress, formed in 1885, as a politically affiliated party within the political system of India. This party has done a huge part in leading to the independence of India, whereby it was the principal leader of the Indian independence movement.

Explanation - Create mass support

The stronghold political party in India has led to increased nationalism that ultimately led to Indian independence. By the 1920s, the Indian National Congress had become the primary source of struggle against British colonization. The influence of the Congress on India's rising nationalism stems from the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, whereby an anti-colonial nationalist movement was able to substantiate around the British Empire.

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Ghandi was a lawyer, politician, and social crusader from India. He was a key figure in India's independence movement, and he was recognized for his peaceful demonstrations. Gandhi, also known as 'Mahatma' or 'Great Soul,' was the leader who led the Indian nationalist movement against British colonialism following WWI. The goal of the challenge was to derail the British plan to govern and exploit more vulnerable countries for their own gain. It all began with the Amritsar Massacre, when Gandhi declared the British government to be a manifestation of 'Satanism,' and that, by taking up against the unarmed subjects of the Indians, they had forfeited their 'right to govern.' He was particularly opposed to their discrimination and persecution, and as a result, he fought for India's self-rule via nationalism.

Explanation - Create more effective protests

Gandhi has been a leading figure in supporting Indian nationalism through nonviolent civic insurrection throughout the entire non-cooperation movement. Gandhi, as an anti-colonial nationalist, has fought the British-imposed salt tax with historic events such as the Dandi Salt March in 1930, which resulted in him being imprisoned frequently. Other causes he promoted throughout his lifetime included women's rights, decentralized democracy through Gram Panchayat empowerment, rural development, and so on, all of which set the way for India's further nationalism.

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Labour Party comes to power in Britain - 1900 by Ho-Yuan

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Labour Party comes to power in Britain - 1900 by Ho-Yuan

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With half a million members, the Labour Party sought to ensure a livable wage, a safer working environment, fewer hours, and greater balance for the working class through legislation. The Labour Party, which was founded in 1900, is associated with the political affiliations of social democrats, democratic socialists, and trade unionists, and can be identified on the center left of the political spectrum.

Explanation - Create mass support

The Labour Party was founded in recent decades as a result of working-class voters' dissatisfaction with the Liberal Party's lack of representation in choosing candidates.

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Partition of Bengal - 19 July 1905.                 By Saatvik Batra

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Partition of Bengal - 19 July 1905.                 By Saatvik Batra

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The first partition of Bengal was proposed in the year 1905 by the then Viceroy of India, Lord Curzon. The majority of the Bangladeshi population was Muslim. Later on, due to the constant migration of Hindus and Muslims from Bengal to India and India to Bengal, Bengal was considered east Pakistan. During this period of time, hundreds of thousands of people died before Bengal.

Explanation - Counteract divide and rule strategy of British

When people were losing their close ones, they came together and created a great example of unity. For a long time, the British spoke about helping Indians but at this point, India had understood that the British had created a line on the map of India which represents the hate between two nations and 2 religions.

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Muslim League - 1906 31 december                            Saatvik Batra

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Muslim League - 1906 31 december                            Saatvik Batra

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Description

The muslim league, also known as all India muslim league was a political party in British India. This league originated from Dhaka, the capital of Bengal. This league was a driving force behind the separation of Pakistan from India. It was created in 1906 with the primary goal to represent Indian Muslims and to project their separate identity towards the British Government. For the British government to rule over India, they had to separate and make Hindus and Muslims fight with each other.

Explanation - Create mass support

The all India muslim league stood as symbol of a true muslim and freedom. As the British government was treating the Hindus with more superiority, the muslims were manipulated into believing that they had no place left in India. The “membership “ of this league  soon grew to 2 million which was more than enough support for the British to separate the countries.

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India in world war 1 - August 4 1914                                  Saatvik Batra 

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India in world war 1 - August 4 1914                                  Saatvik Batra 

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During World War I, Britain declared war on Germany on India's behalf, without consulting Indian leaders. About 1.5 million Indian soldiers and laborers were serving in the British Indian Army by the time of the Armistice. A total of 60,000 Indian soldiers were killed or reported missing. Many Indians noticed that the British military was at a vulnerable point. There were multiple protests especially from the north.

Explanation - Create more effective protests

During one of the protests in Amritsar, there was a gathering of thousands of peaceful protesters in a garden, a few british officers saw this as a way to get revenge for protesting. There was an open fire on the public in which 15000 people died. This massacre added fuel to the fire and was the birth of many freedom fighters, one of whom went to London as a spy and assassinated the British officer who allowed and executed the massacre.

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Amritsar Massacre - 1919                                               By Ho-Yuan

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Amritsar Massacre - 1919                                               By Ho-Yuan

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The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre occurred in 1919 as a result of Indian nationalists protesting a tax imposed by the British administration. Despite a restriction on public gatherings, a crowd of 5000 people assembled in Amritsar to protest the new law, resulting in the slaughter. As a result of the British officer, General Reginald Dyer, ordering his forces to open fire on the defenseless, roughly 379 people were shot and died, with over 1000 more wounded. Unfortunately, many of whom were women and children trapped over there as the soldiers had blocked the exits. This event has fueled outrage in the British government and sparked more protesters siding with the Indian national congress with regards to self governance.

Explanation - Counteract divide and rule strategy of British

The Amritsar Massacre was a historical spectacle of colonial violence that foreshadowed India's fate as a cause for independence. More specifically, the execution of unarmed citizens under the hand of the British, with particularities to the minorities and women, sparked further outrage amongst the Indians, thus interests toward an independent and self governing system.

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Non-Cooperation Movement - 1920                                 By Ho-Yuan

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Non-Cooperation Movement - 1920                                 By Ho-Yuan

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The general public's campaign for Indian independence from British control continues with the non-cooperation event. Non-cooperation has taken numerous forms among Indians, including those who refuse to accept titles and accolades, lawyers who refuse to work for the British, and students who boycott British-run schools and universities. Other forms of non-cooperation include those who refused to pay taxes and those who refused to buy British clothes (as Gandhi has personally recommended both men and women to wear traditional homespun clothes created from spinners, otherwise known as the ‘khaddar'). These movements are in sum, amongst others, pushback against the British government’s influence over India.

Explanation - Create mass support

Through the use of Non-Cooperation Movement, the nationalist movement challenged existing colonial economic and power dynamics, and the British influence over India. The movement fundamentally stemed from nationalistic ideologies as the Indians stop working with affiliate's of the British and keeping themselves within themselves. This fits with Gandhi's call for nationwide protest against the Rowlatt Act. Through mass support, rising nationalism has led to Indian independence.

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Britain is in debt to India after WWII - 14 august 1941.   By Saatvik Batra

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Britain is in debt to India after WWII - 14 august 1941.   By Saatvik Batra

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After world war 2, the British government had lost tens of thousands of soldiers. By the end of the British rule on India, the British owed $3 billion to India just in war debt. Out of which, 1.5 billion was from the second world war. A research done and founded on Aljazeera, the British had taken $45 trillion worth of unpaid resources such as precious stones, money, land etc. The UK never paid its debt to India.

Explanation - Create more effective protests

According to the External Affairs Minister, India has suffered severe 'humiliation' as a result of wealth drained from Britain of up to $45 trillion (in today's monetary value), which includes the cost of violence, taxes, import tariffs, and British officials imposing exports and products over the Indian market, which has severely backfired after the war and sparked further nationalism and disavowal toward the British on a societal scale.