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Given random data we look for order for meaningful patterns

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The inclination after an event has occurred to see the event as having been predictable,  also known as the knew-it-all-along effect or creeping determinism, is the inclination.
After an event has occurred, to see the event as having been predictable, despite there having been little or no objective basis for predicting it.

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The perception of a relationship where none exists
Parents conceive children after adoption, is the phenomenon of perceiving a relationship between variables (typically people, events, or behaviors) even when no such relationship exists.

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The independent variable is the characteristic of a psychology experiment that is manipulated or changed.
For example, in an experiment looking at the effects of studying on test scores, studying would be the independent variable

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Without the alarm, you probably would have overslept.
In this scenario, the alarm had the effect of you waking up at a certain time.
This is what we mean by cause and effect.
A cause-effect relationship is a relationship in which one event (the cause) makes another event happen (the effect).

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A survey is a data collection tool used to gather information about individuals.
Surveys are commonly used in psychology research to collect self-report data from study participants.
A survey may focus on factual information about individuals, or it might aim to obtain the opinions of the survey takers

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Like other sciences forms the backbone of research,
A Closer Look at the Experimental Method in Psychology.
The experimental method involves manipulating one variable to determine if changes in one variable cause changes in another variable.
This method relies on controlled methods, random assignment and the manipulation of variables to test a hypothesis

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. Describing data
. Making inference
Statistical reasoning is the way people reason with statistical ideas and make sense of statistical information.

Statistical reasoning may involve connecting one concept to another,
the text develops an understanding of statistical logic and procedures, the properties of statistical devices, the importance of the assumptions underlying statistical tools, and an understanding of what happens with the strict requirements of statistical theory meet the circumstances of real-world data.

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. Exploring cause and effect
. Evaluating therapies
. Independent and dependent variables the process of performing a scientific procedure, especially in a laboratory, to determine something.
Experimental Method.

An experiment is an investigation in which a hypothesis is scientifically tested. In anexperiment, an independent variable (the cause) is manipulated and the dependent variable (the effect) is measured; any extraneous variables are controlled.

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. Correlation and causation
. Illusory correlation
. Perceiving order in random events

a mutual relationship or connection between two or more things.

Correlation means association - more precisely it is a measure of the extent to which two variables are related.

If an increase in one variable tends to be associated with an increase in the other then this is known as a positive correlation.

An example would be height and weight. Taller people tend to be heavier.

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. The case study
. The survey
. Naturalistic observation
a spoken or written representation or account of a person, object, or event.

Psychology, General Description, a general program that focuses on the scientific study of individual and collective behavior, the physical and environmental bases of behavior, and the analysis and treatment of behavior problems and disorders.