# data[].attributes.body
Chun Sian

# data[].attributes.headline
Pott's spine T9-T10, pyogenic osteomyelitis T9, T9 spinal fracture, eosinophilic granuloma

# data[].attributes.subject
Pott's spine T9-T10, pyogenic osteomyelitis T9, T9 spinal fracture, eosinophilic granuloma

# data[].attributes.body
Chun Sian

# data[].attributes.headline
X ray of thoracolumbar spine (AP, Lateral view)

# data[].attributes.subject
X ray of thoracolumbar spine (AP, Lateral view)

# data[].attributes.body
Chun Sian

# data[].attributes.headline
FBC, ESR, CRP, Mantoux test, Sputum C&S, PCR, chest x ray, CT scan, MRI

# data[].attributes.subject
FBC, ESR, CRP, Mantoux test, Sputum C&S, PCR, chest x ray, CT scan, MRI

# data[].attributes.headline
Conservative: bed rest, analgesic, thoracolumbar bracing, Definitive: antituberculous drugs, Surgical: decompression, drainage of paravertebral abscess (if present), bone graft, instrumentation

# data[].attributes.subject
Conservative: bed rest, analgesic, thoracolumbar bracing, Definitive: antituberculous drugs, Surgical: decompression, drainage of paravertebral abscess (if present), bone graft, instrumentation

# data[].attributes.body
Chun Sian

# data[].attributes.headline
neurological deficit of sudden onset/unresponsive to non-surgical therapy, paravertebral abscess formation, marked spinal deformity

# data[].attributes.subject
neurological deficit of sudden onset/unresponsive to non-surgical therapy, paravertebral abscess formation, marked spinal deformity

# data[].attributes.body
Chun Sian

# data[].attributes.body
Neurological system including examination of the spine.

# data[].attributes.body
X-ray of the lumbar spine with AP and Lateral view

# data[].attributes.body
1. Full blood count to look for lymphocytosis.
2. Mantoux test.
3. Sputum AFB C&S.
4. Chest X-ray.
5. Biopsy for HPE and C&S.
6. Spinal CT and MRI.

# data[].attributes.body
Initial treatment will include pain relief, adequate bed rest and bracing and starting the anti-tuberculosis drugs regime.
If initial treatment fails, surgery will be the next suitable option. The choices for surgery includes :
A. Anterolateral decompression.
B. Anterior clearance.
C. Costo-transversectomy.
D. Radical debridement and arthrodesis.
E. Laminectomy.

# data[].attributes.body
When there is abscess formation and marked neurological deficits.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Lumbar spine tuberculosis.
2. Compression fracture of the lumbar spine below T12.
3. Lumbar spine pyogenic osteomyelitis.
4. Eosinophilic granuloma.

# data[].attributes.body
Harresh

# data[].attributes.body
Harresh

# data[].attributes.body
Harresh

# data[].attributes.body
Harresh

# data[].attributes.body
Harresh

# data[].attributes.body
Spine and neurological examination

Haziq

# data[].attributes.body
Pyogenic osteomyelitis, potts spine, fracture (trauma)

Haziq

# data[].attributes.body
X ray of the spine (thoracolumbar) AP and lateral view

Haziq

# data[].attributes.headline
Full blood count, ESR, CRP, sputum smear, mantoux test, chest x-ray to check pulmonary involvement, xray of the spine

# data[].attributes.subject
Full blood count, ESR, CRP, sputum smear, mantoux test, chest x-ray to check pulmonary involvement, xray of the spine

# data[].attributes.body
Haziq

# data[].attributes.headline
Conservative - anti tuberculous therapy, analgesic for pain management, rest

# data[].attributes.subject
Conservative - anti tuberculous therapy, analgesic for pain management, rest

# data[].attributes.body
Surgical - laminectomy, anterolateral decompression

Haziq

# data[].attributes.body
Elson

# data[].attributes.headline
Pott fracture, pyogenic infections, compression fracture

# data[].attributes.subject
Pott fracture, pyogenic infections, compression fracture

# data[].attributes.body
Elson

# data[].attributes.body
Elson

# data[].attributes.headline
Full blood count, ESR, CRP, mantoux test, sputum culture and sensitivity, ELISA, PCR, biopsy, CT, MRI, myelograp

# data[].attributes.subject
Full blood count, ESR, CRP, mantoux test, sputum culture and sensitivity, ELISA, PCR, biopsy, CT, MRI, myelograp

# data[].attributes.body
Elson

# data[].attributes.body
Abscess formation, marked bone destruction, neurological deficit

Haziq

# data[].attributes.body
Elson

# data[].attributes.headline
When there is abscess that can be drained, marked bone destruction, neurological deficit that has not response to drug therapy

# data[].attributes.subject
When there is abscess that can be drained, marked bone destruction, neurological deficit that has not response to drug therapy

# data[].attributes.body
Elson

# data[].attributes.body
Xuelin

# data[].attributes.headline
Dorsolumbar xray in AP and lateral view 

# data[].attributes.subject
Dorsolumbar xray in AP and lateral view 

# data[].attributes.body
Xuelin

# data[].attributes.headline
Conservative management failed ( paraplegia sudden worsening) , formation of absess, 

# data[].attributes.subject
Conservative management failed ( paraplegia sudden worsening) , formation of absess, 

# data[].attributes.body
Ann

# data[].attributes.body
Nervous system including spine, respiratory system

Lim Kok Hong

# data[].attributes.body
compression fracture, pyogenic spondylitis, Pott spine, eosinophilic granuloma, secondary metastasis

Lim Kok Hong

# data[].attributes.body
x-ray of spine including the thoracolumbar and lumbosacral region, in AP view and lateral view

Lim Kok Hong

# data[].attributes.body
Full Blood Count, total white cell for lymphocyte, ESR, CRP, mantoux test, sputum culture, chest x-ray, biopsy of the vertebra for culture & sensitivity and histopathological examination

Lim Kok Hong

# data[].attributes.body
conservative management
1) anti-tuberculous regime
2) bed rest
3) analgesic for pain management

Surgical treatment
1) decompression surgery with posterior approach as the level affected is T9 - T10, which are the levels of diaphragm,
2) laminectomy
3) costotranversectomy
4) abscess drainage if present of abscess

Lim Kok Hong

# data[].attributes.body
khai

# data[].attributes.headline
pyogenic infection of spine , pott spine , eosinophilic granuloma , secondary metastasis 

# data[].attributes.subject
pyogenic infection of spine , pott spine , eosinophilic granuloma , secondary metastasis 

# data[].attributes.body
khai

# data[].attributes.body
khai

# data[].attributes.headline
full blood count , chest x ray , esr , crp , biopsy for hpe and culture and sensitivity 

# data[].attributes.subject
full blood count , chest x ray , esr , crp , biopsy for hpe and culture and sensitivity 

# data[].attributes.body
khai

# data[].attributes.headline
Conservative: bed rest, analgesic, thoracolumbar bracing, medical : antituberculous drugs, Surgical: decompression, drainage of paravertebral abscess 

# data[].attributes.subject
Conservative: bed rest, analgesic, thoracolumbar bracing, medical : antituberculous drugs, Surgical: decompression, drainage of paravertebral abscess 

# data[].attributes.body
khai

# data[].attributes.headline
Abscess formation, marked bone destruction, neurological deficit

# data[].attributes.subject
Abscess formation, marked bone destruction, neurological deficit

# data[].attributes.body
khai

# data[].attributes.body
1) when there is abscess formation

2) severe neurological deficit in which
i) paraplegia developed during the anti-tuberculous medication,
ii) sudden deterioration of paraplegia during anti-tuberculous regime,
iii) progressive worsening or no improvement of neurological deficit after 2 weeks of antituberculous regime

3) severe bone deformity that affect the quality of life

Lim Kok Hong

# data[].attributes.body
Compression fracture
Potts spine
Metastatic tumor

Ann

# data[].attributes.body
Plain radiography of thoracolumbar spine in AP and lateral view.

Ann

# data[].attributes.body
Imaging:
MRI to evaluate condition of underlying neural tissue, and type and extent of spinal cord compression.
CT scan to view hidden lesions, indicate extent of vertebral body destruction, and detect small abscesses.

Laboratory:
Tuberculin skin test (note low specificity and sensitivity)
PCR to confirm diagnosis of TB
Sputum collection or bronchoscopy with washings for culture and sensitivity. Tissue biopsy from affected site for histopathological examination.
FBC, CRP, ESR, BUSEC and LFTs as baseline investigations

Ann

# data[].attributes.body
Conservative management would commence with rest by spinal brace and anti-tuberculous therapy for 6 months. Supportive treatment e.g. Analgesics for back pain are also included.

Surgical options are chosen with appropriate indications and would include anterolateral decompression and bone graft surgery, costo-transversectomy, or laminectomy.

Physiotherapy and rehabilitation to follow.

Ann

# data[].attributes.body
Abscess formation whether paravetebral or prevertebral to facilitate action of anti-tuberculous therapy.
Sudden neurological deficit in a chronic patient under TB treatment.
Neurological deficit that shows no improvement despite 2 weeks of anti-tuberculous therapy in a patient that wasn't initiated on said therapy previously.

Ann

# data[].attributes.headline
Spine examination (neurological examination) and respiratory system, musculoskeletal system and any system that could possibly involve besides nails. 

# data[].attributes.subject
Spine examination (neurological examination) and respiratory system, musculoskeletal system and any system that could possibly involve besides nails. 

# data[].attributes.body
Shelina

# data[].attributes.body
2) tissue biopsy
3) chest xray
4) spinal xray and CT scan
5) ELISA / PCR
6)  cough sputum culture and sensitivity
7) tuberculin skin test/mantoux test
xuelin

# data[].attributes.body
pott spine
pyogenic spine
metastatic tumor
eosinophilic granuloma
xuelin

# data[].attributes.body
spinal braces
anti-TB drug
bed rest
physiotherapy
conservative management failed , only go for surgery
xuelin

# data[].attributes.headline
conservative management failed (paraplegia sudden worsening), formation of abscess, persistent neurological deficit 

# data[].attributes.subject
conservative management failed (paraplegia sudden worsening), formation of abscess, persistent neurological deficit 

# data[].attributes.body
xuelin

# data[].attributes.body
pott spine
pyogenic spine
metastatic tumor
eosinophilic granuloma

Shelina

# data[].attributes.headline
Plain radiography of thoracolumbar spine in AP and lateral view. 

# data[].attributes.subject
Plain radiography of thoracolumbar spine in AP and lateral view. 

# data[].attributes.body
Shelina

# data[].attributes.headline
1) FBC (LYMPHOCYTOSIS)2) tissue biopsy for hpe 3) chest xray4) spinal xray and CT scan5) ELISA / PCR6)  cough sputum culture and sensitivity7) mantoux test

# data[].attributes.subject
1) FBC (LYMPHOCYTOSIS)2) tissue biopsy for hpe 3) chest xray4) spinal xray and CT scan5) ELISA / PCR6)  cough sputum culture and sensitivity7) mantoux test

# data[].attributes.body
Shelina

# data[].attributes.headline
conservative management 1) anti-tuberculous regime2) bed rest 3) analgesic for pain managementSurgical treatment 1) decompression surgery with posterior approach 2) laminectomy 3) costotranversectomy 4) abscess drainage if present of abscess Shelina

# data[].attributes.subject
conservative management 1) anti-tuberculous regime2) bed rest 3) analgesic for pain managementSurgical treatment 1) decompression surgery with posterior approach 2) laminectomy 3) costotranversectomy 4) abscess drainage if present of abscess Shelina

# data[].attributes.headline
conservative management failed (paraplegia sudden worsening), formation of abscess, persistent neurological deficit 

# data[].attributes.subject
conservative management failed (paraplegia sudden worsening), formation of abscess, persistent neurological deficit 

# data[].attributes.body
Shelina

# data[].attributes.body
Chuah

# data[].attributes.headline
-Lumbar spine tuberculosis. -Compression fracture of the lumbar spine below T12. -Lumbar spine pyogenic osteomyelitis.          -Secondary Mets-Eosinophilic granuloma.        

# data[].attributes.subject
-Lumbar spine tuberculosis. -Compression fracture of the lumbar spine below T12. -Lumbar spine pyogenic osteomyelitis.          -Secondary Mets-Eosinophilic granuloma.        

# data[].attributes.body
Chuah

# data[].attributes.headline
X ray of thoracolumbar spine (AP, Lateral view)

# data[].attributes.subject
X ray of thoracolumbar spine (AP, Lateral view)

# data[].attributes.body
Chuah

# data[].attributes.headline
FBC, TWC (lymphocyte), ESR, CRP, mantoux test, sputum C&S, chest x-ray, tissue biopsy for C&S and HPE. PCR, ELISA

# data[].attributes.subject
FBC, TWC (lymphocyte), ESR, CRP, mantoux test, sputum C&S, chest x-ray, tissue biopsy for C&S and HPE. PCR, ELISA

# data[].attributes.body
Chuah

# data[].attributes.headline
Conservative management 1) anti-TB regime-6/122) bed rest (with bracing)3) analgesic Surgical treatment (failed conservative management, abscess formation, neurological deficits)1) decompression surgery with posterior approach 2) laminectomy 3) costotranversectomy 4) abscess drainage if present of abscess 

# data[].attributes.subject
Conservative management 1) anti-TB regime-6/122) bed rest (with bracing)3) analgesic Surgical treatment (failed conservative management, abscess formation, neurological deficits)1) decompression surgery with posterior approach 2) laminectomy 3) costotranversectomy 4) abscess drainage if present of abscess 

# data[].attributes.body
Chuah

# data[].attributes.headline
-neurological deficit of sudden onset      -unresponsive to non-surgical therapy                -paravertebral abscess formation                        -marked spinal deformity

# data[].attributes.subject
-neurological deficit of sudden onset      -unresponsive to non-surgical therapy                -paravertebral abscess formation                        -marked spinal deformity

# data[].attributes.body
Chuah

# data[].attributes.body
Spine and neurological examination

Sau lin

# data[].attributes.body
1. Lumbar spine tuberculosis.
2. Compression fracture of the lumbar spine below T12.
3. Lumbar spine pyogenic infection
4. Eosinophilic granuloma.
5. Secondary metastasis
Sau lin

# data[].attributes.body
X ray of the spine (thoracolumbar) AP and lateral view

Sau lin

# data[].attributes.body
1) FBC (LYMPHOCYTOSIS)

2) tissue biopsy
3) chest xray
4) spinal xray and CT scan
5) ELISA / PCR
6)  cough sputum culture and sensitivity
7) tuberculin skin test/mantoux test
Sau lin

# data[].attributes.body
Conservative: anti-TB drugs, bed rest with thoracolumbar bracing, analgesics ,drainage of abscess  Surgical: decompression

Sau lin

# data[].attributes.body
severe neurological deficit in which
i) paraplegia developed during the anti-tuberculous medication,
ii) sudden deterioration of paraplegia during anti-tuberculous regime,
iii) progressive worsening or no improvement of neurological deficit after 2 weeks of antituberculous regime

3) severe bone deformity that affect the quality of life

Sau Lin

# data[].attributes.body
Mark

# data[].attributes.body
2. Pyogenic osteomyelitis of the spine
3. Traumatic spine injury
4. primary and secondary tumor of the spine vertebrae

Mark

# data[].attributes.headline
Thoracolumbar spine X-ray AP & Lateral view 

# data[].attributes.subject
Thoracolumbar spine X-ray AP & Lateral view 

# data[].attributes.headline
FBC, CXR, Sputum smear& culture & sensitivity 

# data[].attributes.subject
FBC, CXR, Sputum smear& culture & sensitivity 

# data[].attributes.body
Mark

# data[].attributes.headline
Early management: Pain control, bed rest, start anti-TB therapy 

# data[].attributes.subject
Early management: Pain control, bed rest, start anti-TB therapy 

# data[].attributes.body
Mark

# data[].attributes.headline
1) abscess formation 2) severe neurological deficit in which i) paraplegia developed during the anti-tuberculous medication, ii) sudden deterioration of paraplegia during anti-tuberculous regime, iii) progressive worsening or no improvement of neurological deficit after 2 weeks of anti-TB3) severe bone deformity that affect the quality of life Mark 

# data[].attributes.subject
1) abscess formation 2) severe neurological deficit in which i) paraplegia developed during the anti-tuberculous medication, ii) sudden deterioration of paraplegia during anti-tuberculous regime, iii) progressive worsening or no improvement of neurological deficit after 2 weeks of anti-TB3) severe bone deformity that affect the quality of life Mark 

# data[].attributes.body
Mark

# data[].attributes.headline
syahida:anti tb drug,analgecic,rest with brace

# data[].attributes.subject
syahida:anti tb drug,analgecic,rest with brace

# data[].attributes.headline
Zubaidah: spine and completeneurological examination 

# data[].attributes.subject
Zubaidah: spine and completeneurological examination 