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Lipids

Blubber is rich in fats and oils

Trigacylglyerols: highly concentrated stores of metabolic energy

Protein

Myoglobin: stores oxygen that is found in the muscle

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(Embryo of a killer whale)

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(Embryo of a dolphin)

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Similarities

Both are developing a tail, a head, the flippers and eye sockets/eye balls

Differences

The killer whale's head is rounded while the dolphin has a snout and the head protrudes

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All share pectoral fins, flukes, a dorsal fin, a blowhole and teeth

The bone structure only consists of a backbone, a skull, ribs and front flips

The blubber helps to maintain heat in cold water

Muscle tissue is able to store oxygen while diving

The tail is used for moving through water

All share a 4 chamber heart, lungs, kidneys and intestines

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Taxonomy gives information about how a species is related. If a species is related in family, then they are very closely related. If a species is related in kingdom, they may or may not be related since kingdom is a broad group.

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Commonly found in cold waters like Pacific northwest, Norway's coast and southern coast

Usually found in open waters

Able to venture into tropical waters

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Live in temperate and tropical waters world wide

Live in the Pacific and Atlantic cean

Can be found in coastal or open waters

Also found in the Mediterranean and Red Sea

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Found in salt water and fresh water

Live in temperate and subarctic waters

Live in North America's Atlantic and Pacific coast, bays, harbors, estuaries and large rivers

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External

The body's are black and white with a grey patch on the back, behind the dorsal fin

They have pectoral fins, a dorsal fin and flukes

The skin, known also as dermis, is smooth and is continually renewing itself

Internal

Skeleton is long and thick. Killer whales only contain the skull, ribs, bone structure of the front fins and a back bone

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External

Skin color is gray to dark gray on the back, fading to white on the lower jaw and belly

Well- defined rostrum (snout-like projection)

Average length: 6.6-12.8ft

Average weight: 331.5-442 lb

Internal

Retia Mirabilia: Tissue that helps with quick change in blood pressure when diving

Three chambered stomach

Two kidneys with multiple renules

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External

Average length: 5-6 ft

Average weight: 200 lb

The back is very dark gray or dark brown, fading to lighter gray on the sides; belly is white

Dorsal fin is broad based, low and triangular

Internal

4 chambered heart

Bones in back, skull, ribs and front fins

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They travel in pods (5-30 whales)

Often work together to catch the food

Feed on fish, squid, birds and marine mammals

To hunt, killer whales use echolocation which is the use of sound waves and echoes to determine where objects are

Not strictly nocturnal or diurnal

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Swim in groups of 2-15 individuals

Rely heavily on sound production

Eat a wide variety of fishes, squids and crustaceans

Not strictly nocturnal or diurnal

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Live in a group of 3

Usually eat small schooling fish and cephalopods

Mate every 2 years

Not strictly nocturnal or diurnal

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Number of Chromosomes

Killer Whale: 44

Bottlenose Dolphin: 44

Harbour Porpoise: 44

The number of chromosomes show that these three organisms are closely related. All three of them have 44 chromosomes. Similar characteristics are in the result of similar chromosomes. This is why the three organisms look similar to each other.

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Gradual speciation is when a species slowly but steadily diverges and develop new traits. Whales, dolphins and porpoises were once land mammals. Over time, they lost their limbs for flippers because the food source because aquatic.

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Convergent evolution is when organisms that are not closely related, but appear similar. Whales, dolphins and porpoises have similar homologous skeletal structure in their flippers. They also have a similar body shape with benefits them in swimming and hunting for food.

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Descent with modification is a theory that newer fossils are changed descendants of previous organisms. Whales, dolphins and porpoises use to be land mammals. Over time, these land mammals became aquatic and new fossils support this change.

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Directional evolution favors one extreme trait over another. In whales and dolphins, they are both colorblind to help see prey that is camouflaged. The eyes are also on the side of their heads to help protect against the current.

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https://seaworld.org/en/animal-info/animal-bytes/mammals/killer-whale/

https://seaworld.org/en/animal-info/animal-bytes/mammals/bottlenose-dolphin

http://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/h/harbor-porpoise/

http://species-identification.org/species.php?species_group=marine_mammals&menuentry=soorten&id=118&tab=classificatie

http://science.jrank.org/pages/1355/Cetaceans-Anatomy-physiology.html

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Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chorodata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Cetacea
Family: Delphinidae
Genus: Orcinus
Species: orca

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Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chorodata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Cetacea
Family: Delphinidae
Genus: Tursiops
Species: truncatus

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Kingdom: Amimalia
Phylum: Chorodata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Cetacea
Family: Phocoenidae
Genus: Phocoena
Species: phocoena

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This phylogenetic tree is of odontocetes. Odontoceti is a group of Cetacea comprising of toothed whales. This tree is showing how these toothed whales are related to each other.

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Killer whales and bottlenose dolphins have multiply partners during a reproductive season. Dolphins mate throughout the year but usually at the peak of spring and fall. Whales mate near the equator because of the warmer water.

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When these mammals became aquatic, they still had their hind limbs. In a short period of time, they lost the hind limbs for tails because the tails were more useful for swimming and hunting.