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Italy has had a parliament since its unification, transitioning from the Kingdom of Italy to the Italian republic in 1946. The nation has been politically passionate since its inception and has had nearly fifty governments in its short history.

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Catholicism is at the root of the Italian culture and is the basis for much of its tradition, art, and even tourism related economy. Many of the values and sensibilities of the Church manifest in day-to-day Italian life.

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Tourism may seem like merely an industry, but it is Italy's largest. As a result, being a host to the world has become ingrained in the Italian culture.

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Italians have an uncomfortable relationship with their recent history, particularly the period following WWI until the end of WWII. They clearly recognize the atrocities perpetrated by Mussolini and his forces, but some remember him as someone who got the trains to run on time and put bread on the table. His memory is also now rallying point for the Italian nationalist movement.

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Although it has ancient roots, Italy is a relatively new country, being united in 1871. Both a sense of rationality and unity emanate from the the recent federation of Italian city states.

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The Italian culture is rooted in family and is the prime source for transmitting both surface and deep culture through generations and even to Italian culture existing outside of Italy.

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Italians are serious about commerce, but also believe deeply that style, design and craftsmanship are essential elements of anything that is called Italian.

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Despite Italy's population being overwhelmingly Roman Catholic, Italians still retain some pre-Christian traditions and practices. For example, the cornuto is still worn as a charm to ward off the "evil eye

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Italians value their history as Romans and the impact they had on civilization, arts, government, and technology.  This rich history molds and informs the attitudes and behaviors of modern Italians.

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Italy is arguably the capital of renaissance art and a source of pride for Italians. Art continues to be an important part of Italian life and identity.