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location, place, HEI, movement, and region

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maps that give a detailed and accurate picture of the world

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place-human and physical characteristics of a location
region-divides the world into manageable units for geographic study

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relative-the position of something relative to another landmark
absolute-a fixed position that never changes

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latitude-a locations distance north or south of the equator.
longitude-the locations distance east or west from an imaginary line

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reference lines for a region

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lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and atmosphere

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rotation-the movement in circle round an axis
revolution-an object moves in a circular path around another object

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weather-short period of time
climate-long period of time

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la nina-cooler temperature
el nino-warmer temperature

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direct rays are warmer than areas that are hit by indirect rays

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height

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certain areas with different life

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divergent-pull apart
convergent-colliding
transform-slide past each other

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weathering-rock is dissolved
erosion-rocks move to another place by ice, water, and gravity
deposition-material being transported by a river

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volcanic plate

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plates that move and cause

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crack on earth's crust

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convergent one plate slides under

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renewable can be used again and nonrenewable can't be used again

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adaptation adapt
modification modify to prevent

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to be maintained

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disasters

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seismograph measures and records details of earthquakes.
richter scale expresses the magnitude of an earthquake.

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the spreading out of culture and culture traits

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dictatorship, facism, oligarchy, republic, socialism, theocracy, anarchy, totalitarian, absolute monarchy, communism, constitutional monarchy, and democracy

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a location that saw the origins of a culture from which it later spread

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gestures, language, values, norms, sanctions, folkways, and mores

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Developed vs. Developing Nation vs. Newly Industrialize

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Developed vs. Developing Nation vs. Newly Industrialize

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developing are less industrialized and developed are more industrialized

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drive people away from a place and draw people to a new location.

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data about the characteristics of a population

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measurement of population per unit area or unit volume

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distribution of various age groups in a population.

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quality of life

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Cottage Industry vs. Commercial Industry

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Cottage Industry vs. Commercial Industry

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cottage industry is at home. Commercial industry is at a factory.

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mining, forestry, fishing, and quarrying

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emigration leaving a country to permanently settle in another immigration leaving permanently to live in a foreign country

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promoting nativism

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urban city rural outside city not populated suburb residential part of a city

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person forced to leave the country

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count of a population

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flood walls

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A cold, low-salinity ocean current that flows north along the western coast of South America.

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a sovereign state entirely enclosed by land, or whose only coastlines lie on closed seas

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These states are usually very centralized with their capital areas usually in the middle of their country

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a region whose growth patterns are primarily affected by elevation.

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Nahuatl---a member of a group of peoples native to southern Mexico and central America, including the Aztecs.
Quechua---a member of an American Indian people of Peru and parts of Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, and Ecuador.

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Aztec-a member of the american indian people dominant in Mexico before the Spanish conquest of the 16th century

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Mestizo--a man/woman of mixed race, especially the offspring of a Spaniard and an American Indian.
Mulatto--a person of mixed white and black ancestry, especially a person with one white and one black parent.

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Some haciendas were plantations, mines or factories. The term hacienda is imprecise, but usually refers to landed estates of significant size.

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a maquiladora or maquila is a sub-contractor, manufacturing operation, where factories import certain material and equipment on a duty-free and tariff-free basis for assembly, processing.

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The southern boundary was set by the treaty of guadalupe hidalgo, which followed the mexican boundaries between alta california(to the north) and baja california and sonora (to the south).

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Although part of the socialist international, it is now considered as a centrist party. party of the Democratic Revolution--a left of center party. ... This party allied with the PAN to elect the first non-PRIpresident in almost seven decades.

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Tenochtitlan, originally known as Mexico-tenochtitlan, was a large Mexica city-state in what is now the center of Mexico city. Founded on June 20, 1325, the city was built on an island in what was then Lake Texcoco in the Valley of Mexico.

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Left wing is generally a more liberal and forward-moving ideology whereas right wing is more conservative and generally traditional. In the UK, Labour are leaning leftfrom centre and the conservatives are leaning right from centre.

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Machu Picchu is an Incan citadel set high in the Andes Mountains in Peru, above the Urubamba River valley.

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a cowboy of the South American pampas.

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Tango is a partner dance which originated in the 1880s along the River Plate, the natural border between Argentina and Uruguay.

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Treaty of Tordesillas. Treaty of Tordesillas, (June 7, 1494), agreement between Spain and Portugal aimed at settling conflicts over lands newly discovered or explored by Christopher Columbus and other late 15th-century voyagers.

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Favela, also spelled favella, in Brazil, a slum or shantytown located within or on the outskirts of the country's large cities, especially Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo.

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The Carnival in Rio de Janeiro is a festival held every year before Lent and considered the biggest carnival in the world with two million people per day on the streets

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Capoeira is an Afro-Brazilian martial art that combines elements of dance, acrobatics, and music. It was developed in Brazil at the beginning of the 16th century.

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Samba is a Brazilian musical genre and dance style, with its roots in Africa via the West African slave trade and African religious traditions, particularly of Angola and the Congo, through the samba de roda genre of the northeastern Brazilian state of Bahia, from which it derived

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Petróleos Mexicanos, which translates to Mexican Petroleum, but is trademarked and better known as Pemex, is the Mexican state-owned petroleum company, created in 1938 by nationalization or expropriation of all private, foreign, and domestic oil companies at that time

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The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (Farc, after the initials in Spanish) are Colombia's largest rebel group. /A paramilitary is a semi-militarized force whose organizational structure, tactics, training, subculture, and function are similar to those of a professional military, but which is not included as part of a state's formal armed forces.

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Nicolás Maduro Moros is a Venezuelan politician who has served as the 63rd President of Venezuela since 2013 and previously served under President Hugo Chávez as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2006 to 2013 and as Vice President of Venezuela from 2012 to 2013.

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Guerrilla warfare is a form of irregular warfare in which a small group of combatants, such as paramilitary personnel, armed civilians, or irregulars, use military tactics including ambushes, sabotage, raids, petty warfare, hit-and-run tactics, and mobility to fight a larger and less-mobile traditional military.

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Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz was a Cuban communist revolutionary and politician who governed the Republic of Cuba as Prime Minister from 1959 to 1976 and then as President from 1976 to 2008.

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Slash-and-burn agriculture, or fire–fallow cultivation, is a farming method that involves the cutting and burning of plants in a forest or woodland to create a field called a swidden.

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The Contras were the various U.S.-backed and funded right-wing rebel groups that were active from 1979 to the early 1990s in opposition to the socialist Sandinista Junta of National Reconstruction junta in Nicaragua.

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Colonialism is the policy of a foreign polity seeking to extend or retain its authority over other people or territories, generally with the aim of developing or exploiting

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Economic inequality is the difference found in various measures of economic well-being among individuals in a group, among groups in a population, or among countries.