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Kohlberg

Gilligan

Ideas for notice board

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This could possibly work!

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Introduction
Professor Jean Piaget's study on evolution of thinking pattern of individual human beings and its influence on moral development of the person is an interesting subject of psychology. Highly appreciative of Piaget's view, Lawrence Kohlberg in 1960 constituted a six stage model to demonstrate how individual's morality develops through the stages. Carol Gilligan, a student and colleague of Kohlberg, however noted that Kohlberg collected data from affluent middle-class male only, which resulted in females scoring consistently at stage 3 and males at stage 4 & 5, when the model was applied to them. The point of contention is that Kohlberg's model directs to inferior morality of women as compared to men, which Carol Gilligan noticed and opposed. Gilligan researched and constitutes her own model, which later, Kohlberg did not challenge.
The differences Basic tenet
Lawrence Kohlberg's model of evolution of morality is based upon the principle that human beings make decisions on the basis of universal, abstract principles of justice, duty, and impartial reasoning, and logic. Carol Gilligan's 'ethics of care' principle, which was at the centre of her model, is based on the basic tenet that, female psychology, values, and even moral structure differ from that of males. She claims that women are inherently inclined towards care and responsibility to others. She developed a relational theory to demonstrate the development of female morality.
Construction of model
Kohlberg's model consists of three stages; each stage is divided into two sub-stages. Stage 1(birth to 9 years) - Pre-conventional stage: moral development at this stage is self-ego centric, where actions are oriented towards fear of punishment by authorities in home and outside. Stage 2 (10 - 20years) - Conventional stage: human beings at this stage start and learn to see things from others' point of view, respect what others expect from them. Stage 3 (20 years onwards) - Post-conventional stage: In this stage people make moral judgments based on logic, impartial reasoning, and universally accepted abstract principles of justice.

GILLIGAN & KOHLBERG CONTROVERSY

Human beings at this stage judge actions in the perspective of universal right or wrong, irrespective of their culture. Moral orientation at this stage is towards common-good rather self-good. According to Kohlberg, few people reach this stage, and those who reach are revered by the society.

Carol Gilligan based upon her 'care of ethics', developed a 3-stage development model. Stage 1- Pre-conventional stage: A girl-child's morality is self-and-others oriented, and she does what she thinks best for her to do. Stage 2 - Conventional stage: At this stage care for others takes the front seat. Women at this stage develop sense of respect for and responsibility to others, and also the element of self-sacrifice gets rooted in their psyche. Post-conventional stage: At this stage women learn and practice to equate personal needs with that of others, and the focus shifts to dynamic relationship. In the later part of this stage care does not remain confined to personal relationship, but extends inter-personal relationship, like condemnation of violence against and exploitation of human beings.
Study

The famous story of dilemma, where a woman was suffering from a terminal disease, and her husband, being unable to buy the only drug for his wife, was left with no option but to steal the medicine, was used by Gilligan in the case study involving two children Jake and Amy. The question asked to them was; should the husband named Heinz, steal the medicine, or see his wife dying without the medicine. Jake gave a straight forward answer; Heinz should steal the medicine to save his wife. Hr argued that value of human life is far more than that of the medicine. Jake's answer was clearly based upon rationality. He even challenged the law against stealing as obstacle in the way of Heinz stealing the drug. Amy's answer to the same question put her one full stage lower than that of Jake, as per Kohlberg's criteria. Amy's answer was unsure. She claimed that the man should not steal the drug, but at the same time his wife also should not die. Her argument was, should the man get caught while stealing would be jailed, and there would be no one to take care of his ailing wife. She even emphasised that Heinz should borrow money, negotiate on the price, to arrange for the medicine. Gilligan argues that this difference in opinion between Jake and Amy is due to the fact that Amy, unlike Jake, does not see the problem through the prism of rationality, rather care and love.

GILLIGAN & KOHLBERG CONTROVERSY
Conclusion
Kohlberg's study of moral evolution was based on rationality and justice. He based his model on a study conducted upon 72 males, belonging to upper class and middle class. Females were not included in his study. Gilligan challenged this. She constructed her model for females, on the basis of inherent characteristic of women, which is care and inter-personal relationship. Kohlberg never challenged Gilligan, his one-time student and colleague, rather embraced Gilligan's view, and considered Gilligan's model as complimentary to his own model.
Summary

(1) Kohlberg's model is male centric, and does not give complete picture of the process of moral development of human beings. Gilligan challenged this and constitutes separate model of women.

(2) Kohlberg's theory is based upon rationality, duty, impartiality, and universally accepted abstract principle of justice. Gilligan's model is based upon female characteristics of care and relationship.

(3) Women as per Kohlberg's model are inferior to men so long as moral development is concerned. Gilligan made this impression null & void by incorporating in her model female traits of care and love.

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Difference between GILLIGAN and KOHLBERG CONTROVERSY

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Introduction Professor Jean Piaget's study on evolution of thinking pattern of individual human beings and its influence on moral development of the person is an interesting subject of psychology. Highly appreciative of Piaget's view, Lawrence Kohlberg in 1960 constituted a six stage model to demonstrate how individual's morality develops through the stages.

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Kohlberg moral development | Individuals and Society | MCAT | Khan Academy

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Submit a list of names, then click to spin the wheel to choose one at random! Save your lists and embed them in your website or blog!

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Hi Marsha i am able to access this video

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I attempted to add a video with no luck - I posted to Google as FYI.

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I attempted to add a video with no luck - I posted to Google as FYI.

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I attempted to add a video with no luck - I posted to Google as FYI.

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I attempted to add a video with no luck - I posted to Google as FYI.

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I attempted to add a video with no luck - I posted to Google as FYI.

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With direction from the Broward deputies who were outside, Coral Springs police soon entered the building where the shooter was. New Broward County Sheriff's deputies arrived on the scene, and two of those deputies and an officer from Sunrise, Florida, joined the Coral Springs police as they went into the building.

Some Coral Springs police were stunned and upset that the four original Broward County Sheriff's deputies who were first on the scene did not appear to join them as they entered the school, Coral Springs sources tell CNN. It's unclear whether the shooter was still in the building when they arrived.

What these Coral Springs officers observed -- though not their feelings about it -- will be released in a report, likely next week. Sources cautioned that tapes are currently being reviewed and official accounts could ultimately differ from recollections of officers on the scene.

The resentment among Coral Springs officials toward Broward County officials about what they perceived to be a dereliction of duty may have reached a boiling point at a vigil the night of February 15, where, in front of dozens of others, Coral Springs City Manager Mike Goodrum confronted Broward County Sheriff Scott Israel. A source familiar with the conversation tells CNN that Goodrum was upset that the Broward deputies had remained outside the school while kids inside could have been bleeding out, among other reasons.

Goodrum said in a statement to CNN, "Given the horrific events of that day emotions were running high and the sheriff and I had a heated moment the following evening. Sheriff Israel and I have spoken several times since and I can assure you that our departments have a good working relationship and the utmost respect for each other." Goodrum declined to comment on the content of their conversation.

Sgt. Carla Kmiotek, public information officer for the Coral Springs Police Department, would not comment about CNN's story. "The Coral Springs Police Department will speak on behalf of our officers and their response in that incident," she said. " We will not speak on behalf of Broward Sheriff's deputies and their response to the incident."

"Our police department has continued to work alongside the Broward Sheriff's Office to assist in any investigation pertaining to this incident," the department said later in a statement. "The Coral Springs Police Department has a tremendous working relationship with the men and women of the Broward Sheriff's Office, and while we are being transparent through this investigation, everyone should respect the process. There were countless deputies and officers who responded on that fateful day from multiple jurisdictions, whose actions were nothing short of heroic. As already reported, any actions or inactions that negatively affected the response will be investigated thoroughly, and the information will be released officially from the proper agency spokesperson.

Two days after the shooting, Coral Springs Police Chief Tony Pustizzi addressed some of the concerns voiced by his officers in an internal email obtained by CNN that said, among other items, "I understand that another agency has given the impression that it had provided the majority of the rescue efforts, and that the tremendous work of the Coral Springs Police and Fire Departments has not been recognized. Please know that this issue will be addressed, and the truth will come out in time. The focus for us now, however, must be on healing -- for ourselves, our families, our community and those residents surrounding us. While recognition is not the reason we choose to do what we do, our Commission, City Manager and residents are well aware of the actions our members took in the face of danger and the heroes that you are."

The Broward County Sheriff's Office confirmed to CNN that it is investigating the claims that, in addition to Peterson, three other deputies did not try to enter the high school after the shooting began.

Information about ways the Broward County Sheriff's Office didn't sufficiently handle the shooter both before and during the incident started coming out in full force on Thursday, when Broward County Sheriff Israel announced that video showed Deputy Peterson outside the building where students were being shot for "upwards of four minutes."

"What I saw was a deputy arrive ... take up a position and he never went in," Israel said at a news conference. Israel said Peterson should have "went in. Addressed the killer. Killed the killer." Peterson was suspended without pay, after which he resigned.

County Superintendent Robert Runcie said, "I'm in shock and I'm outraged to no end that he could have made a difference in all this. It's really disturbing that we had a law enforcement individual there specifically for this reason, and he did not engage. He did not do his job. It's one of the most unbelievable things I've ever heard."

Israel also announced an investigation into how two other deputies had handled warnings about the gunman prior to the shooting.

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sources: coral springs police upset at some broward deputies for not entering school - cnnpolitics

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Jake Tapper, Anchor and Chief Washington Correspondent

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Sources: Coral Springs police upset at some Broward deputies for not entering school

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When Coral Springs police officers arrived at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida, on February 14 in the midst of the school shooting crisis, many officers were surprised to find not only that Broward County Sheriff's Deputy Scot Peterson, the armed school resource officer, had not entered the building, but that three other Broward County Sheriff's deputies were also outside the school and had not entered, Coral Springs sources tell CNN.

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With direction from the Broward deputies who were outside, Coral Springs police soon entered the building where the shooter was. New Broward County Sheriff's deputies arrived on the scene, and two of those deputies and an officer from Sunrise, Florida, joined the Coral Springs police as they went into the building.

Some Coral Springs police were stunned and upset that the four original Broward County Sheriff's deputies who were first on the scene did not appear to join them as they entered the school, Coral Springs sources tell CNN. It's unclear whether the shooter was still in the building when they arrived.

What these Coral Springs officers observed -- though not their feelings about it -- will be released in a report, likely next week. Sources cautioned that tapes are currently being reviewed and official accounts could ultimately differ from recollections of officers on the scene.

The resentment among Coral Springs officials toward Broward County officials about what they perceived to be a dereliction of duty may have reached a boiling point at a vigil the night of February 15, where, in front of dozens of others, Coral Springs City Manager Mike Goodrum confronted Broward County Sheriff Scott Israel. A source familiar with the conversation tells CNN that Goodrum was upset that the Broward deputies had remained outside the school while kids inside could have been bleeding out, among other reasons.

Goodrum said in a statement to CNN, "Given the horrific events of that day emotions were running high and the sheriff and I had a heated moment the following evening. Sheriff Israel and I have spoken several times since and I can assure you that our departments have a good working relationship and the utmost respect for each other." Goodrum declined to comment on the content of their conversation.

Sgt. Carla Kmiotek, public information officer for the Coral Springs Police Department, would not comment about CNN's story. "The Coral Springs Police Department will speak on behalf of our officers and their response in that incident," she said. " We will not speak on behalf of Broward Sheriff's deputies and their response to the incident."

"Our police department has continued to work alongside the Broward Sheriff's Office to assist in any investigation pertaining to this incident," the department said later in a statement. "The Coral Springs Police Department has a tremendous working relationship with the men and women of the Broward Sheriff's Office, and while we are being transparent through this investigation, everyone should respect the process. There were countless deputies and officers who responded on that fateful day from multiple jurisdictions, whose actions were nothing short of heroic. As already reported, any actions or inactions that negatively affected the response will be investigated thoroughly, and the information will be released officially from the proper agency spokesperson.

Two days after the shooting, Coral Springs Police Chief Tony Pustizzi addressed some of the concerns voiced by his officers in an internal email obtained by CNN that said, among other items, "I understand that another agency has given the impression that it had provided the majority of the rescue efforts, and that the tremendous work of the Coral Springs Police and Fire Departments has not been recognized. Please know that this issue will be addressed, and the truth will come out in time. The focus for us now, however, must be on healing -- for ourselves, our families, our community and those residents surrounding us. While recognition is not the reason we choose to do what we do, our Commission, City Manager and residents are well aware of the actions our members took in the face of danger and the heroes that you are."

The Broward County Sheriff's Office confirmed to CNN that it is investigating the claims that, in addition to Peterson, three other deputies did not try to enter the high school after the shooting began.

Information about ways the Broward County Sheriff's Office didn't sufficiently handle the shooter both before and during the incident started coming out in full force on Thursday, when Broward County Sheriff Israel announced that video showed Deputy Peterson outside the building where students were being shot for "upwards of four minutes."

"What I saw was a deputy arrive ... take up a position and he never went in," Israel said at a news conference. Israel said Peterson should have "went in. Addressed the killer. Killed the killer." Peterson was suspended without pay, after which he resigned.

County Superintendent Robert Runcie said, "I'm in shock and I'm outraged to no end that he could have made a difference in all this. It's really disturbing that we had a law enforcement individual there specifically for this reason, and he did not engage. He did not do his job. It's one of the most unbelievable things I've ever heard."

Israel also announced an investigation into how two other deputies had handled warnings about the gunman prior to the shooting.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
sources: coral springs police upset at some broward deputies for not entering school - cnnpolitics

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.authors[].name
Jake Tapper, Anchor and Chief Washington Correspondent

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Sources: Coral Springs police upset at some Broward deputies for not entering school

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
When Coral Springs police officers arrived at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida, on February 14 in the midst of the school shooting crisis, many officers were surprised to find not only that Broward County Sheriff's Deputy Scot Peterson, the armed school resource officer, had not entered the building, but that three other Broward County Sheriff's deputies were also outside the school and had not entered, Coral Springs sources tell CNN.

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Aristotle & Virtue Theory: Crash Course Philosophy #38

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THIS IS A TESTER POST