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Continent- a principal/ HUGE landmass on earth , earth has 7
Latitude- Parallel lines around the earth
Scales- used om mapes as a tool for measuring distnace

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1.North America
2.South America
3.Europe
4.Asia
5.Australia
6.Africa
7.Antartica
8.Indian Ocean
9.Artic Ocean
10.Atlantic Ocean
11.Pacific Ocean
12.Southern Ocean

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Nomad-Person who regulary moves from place to place in search of food.
Specialization- the develpment of different kinds of jobs.
Domestication- to tame animals and plants for human use.
City-State- Independent state made up of a city and the surrounding land and villages.
Sumer- a city state in Mesopotamia

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A lot of farm land.
Some mountains.
Two rivers.

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Ziggurats
They were polytheistic. Meaning that they only had One God.

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Wheel
Boat
Bow and Arrow
Cuneiform

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Cuneiform

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Hamuraibi Code
Scribes

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Papyrus- reed plant of the Nile Valley, used to make a form of paper.
Pharaoh- all powerful king in ancient Egypt.
Deity- God or Goddness.
Agriculture- growing crops for human use or farming.
Domestication- to tame animals and plants for human use

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One River
A lot of Desert
Some Pyramids
Little Farming

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Deserts
Cataracts
Delta Marshes

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After embalming the Pharaoh's body was made made into a mummy. They would put objects that the pharaoh would need in the afterlife.

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Papyrus
Used geometry to survey land
Hieroglyphics

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Earley on there was 2 kingdoms
United together in 4000 B.C

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Monotheism – the belief in one god

Torah –first 5 chapters of the Old Testament

Covenant – agreement
Prophet – person who claims to be instructed by God to share God’s word

Sabbath – weekly day of worship and rest for Jews

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Story of Abraham and Moses travels and struggles

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Story of Abraham and Moses travels and struggles

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Jews were slaves in Egypt

10 plagues were sent to Egypt. A plague is a disease or something that causes a problem.

Last one killed all first- born children except the homes marked with lamb’s blood

Led to Passover Holiday

Moses led the exodus out of Egypt

Went back to Canaan

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Christianity

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Monsoon – in South Asia, a strong wind that blows one direction in winter and the opposite direction in summer

Subcontinent – large landmass that is part of a continent but distinct from it

Sanskrit – written language developed by the Aryans

Caste – social group a person is born into and cannot change

Hinduism – system of religion that grew out of the religion of the Aryans in ancient India

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India is a subcontinent because it is separated from Asia

Himalayas cause the separation

India has 2 rivers, the Ganges River and the Indus River.

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Founded by Siddhartha Gautama.

He was a prince who left his family and wealth to travel.

Saw suffering and questioned why there was suffering.

Popular because it rejects the caste system.

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Describe Hinduism -describe the relationship between Karma and Dharma

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Describe Hinduism -describe the relationship between Karma and Dharma

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World’s third largest religion and one of the oldest.

All life is sacred.

Developed from the Aryan religion.

The Brahman is the universal spirit made up of thousands of gods and goddesses.

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algebra

concept & symbol for zero

explained infinity (something without end)

invented symbols for 1-9 (we use today)

invented algorithms (series of steps that solve a problem)

Two epics still popular in India –Ramayana. Brave warriors & heroic deeds. Bhagavad Gita (Mahabharata) tells that the soul lives on after death

Understood gravity, that the earth was round & revolved around the sun, mapped movements of planets & stars

Believed that the earth was made up of tiny particles (atoms)

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Sanskrit

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warlord- military leader who runs a government

economy- organized way in which people produce, sell, and buy goods and services

reform-change, usually for the better

monastery- religious community where monks live and work

porcelain-type of ceramic ware that is made of fine clay and baked at high temperatures

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Huang He (Yellow River)

Chang Jiang

(Yangtze River)

Flooding of the river brought destruction and good farming conditions to China.

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Make a chart distingushing between Legalism,Confucianism, and Daoism

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Make a chart distingushing between Legalism,Confucianism, and Daoism

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First to make paper.

Gunpowder,  compass & woodblock printing .

Used herbs to prevent illness. Acupuncture

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Polis - in Greece, a city-state and the surrounding countryside that runs like its own country

Agora- an open area that served as both a market and a meeting place

Direct Democracy-Athens government, government by the people, citizens share in running the government, each citizen has 1 vote

Representative Democracy-USA system of government, where citizens choose a smaller group to make laws and decisions for them

Myth - story describing gods, heroes, or natural events

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Greeks expressed their religious beliefs through myths

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republic- form of government in which the leader is a person elected by the citizens

patrician- wealthy landowner and member of the ruling class in ancient Rome

plebeian- member of the common people of ancient Rome

consul- one of the two top government officials in ancient Rome

veto- to reject

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Judaism and Christianity

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How did their government influence our geovernment today?

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How did their government influence our geovernment today?

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Messiah-in Judaism, a deliverer sent by God

(Or a savior)

Disciple-close follower of Jesus

Resurrection-the act of rising from the dead

Apostle-early Christian leader who helped to set up churches and spread the message of Jesus

Salvation-the act of being saved from sin and allowed to enter heaven

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caravan- group of traveling merchants and animals.

oasis- green area in a desert fed by underground water.

Quran- holy book of Islam.

mosque- Muslim house of worship.

bazaar- marketplace.

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arabic

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Animism - belief that all natural things are alive and have their own spirit

shrine - holy place

samurai - class of warriors in feudal Japan who pledged loyalty to a noble in return for land

shogun - military general over a large area of feudal Japan

daimyo - powerful military lord over small territories in feudal Japan

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*fief- under feudalism, the land a lord granted to a vassal in exchange for military service & loyalty

*knight- in the Middle Ages, a noble warrior who fought on horseback

*serf- peasant laborer bound by law to the lands of a noble

clergy- religious officials , such as priests, given authority to conduct religious services

*theology- the study of religion and God

*scholasticism – medieval way of thinking that tried to bring together reason and faith in studies of religion

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Renaissance-means “rebirth” and began in Italy,rebirth of interest in art, literature, and learning.

Humanism- way of understanding the world that was based on the values of the ancient Greeks and Romans,a way to gain knowledge through reason not just faith

Reformation- a religious movement that created a new form of Christianity known as Protestantism

Indulgence - pay to get a pardon, or forgiveness, of sin

Denomination- branches of Christianity

John Calvin-studied theology and challenged the Catholic Church by saying that God is absolute and decides everything in the world in advance

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Location of beginning of Renaissance.. Why?

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Location of beginning of Renaissance.. Why?