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Continent- a principal/ HUGE landmass on earth, earth has 7

Latitude – parallel lines around the earth

Longitude – lines that run from the North Pole to the South Pole

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*nomad – person who regularly moves from place to place in search of food

*domestication – to tame animals and plants for human use

specialization – the development of different kinds of jobs

civilization – complex society with cities, organized government, art, religion, class divisions, and a writing system

*irrigation -  method of bringing water to a field from another place to water crops

city-state - independent state made up of a city and the surrounding land and villages

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Nile River Valley– river that supported the Egyptian civilization

Dynasty – a line of rulers from one family

Pyramid – a tomb built for Egyptian pharaohs

Mummy – a body tightly wrapped in linen strips

Polytheistic- Belie

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Rabbi – Jewish leader and teacher of the Torah

Judaism – monotheistic religion of the Jews

Moses – a prophet of God who was given the Ten Commandments

Abraham – founder of Judaism

Ten Commandments – laws given to Moses by God; part of the Torah

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Karma – in Hinduism, the good or bad energy a person build up based upon whether he or she lives a good or bad life

Buddhism – religion founded by Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha; taught that the way to find truth was to give up all desires

Nirvana – in Buddhism, a state of wisdom and freedom from the cycle of rebirth

Indus River Valley – river valley that supported Ancient India

Polytheism – belief in many gods and goddesses

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Polis - in Greece, a city-state and the surrounding countryside that runs like its own country

Agora- an open area that served as both a market and a meeting place

Direct Democracy-Athens government, government by the people, citizens share in running the government, each citizen has 1 vote

Representative Democracy-USA system of government, where citizens choose a smaller group to make laws and decisions for them

Myth - story describing gods, heroes, or natural events

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republic- form of government in which the leader is a person elected by the citizens

patrician- wealthy landowner and member of the ruling class in ancient Rome

plebeian- member of the common people of ancient Rome

consul- one of the two top government officials in ancient Rome

veto- to reject

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EuropeWord - Explore Europe Like Never Before!

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Europe is one place with a perfect combination of myth, reality and modernity. Having a history of thousands of years, Europe is believed to have been named after the Greek Goddess Europa. Full of little known facts such as Europe is the second smallest continent with an almost stable birth rate.

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Persecute-to mistreat a person because of his or her beliefs

Clergy-religious officials, such as priests, given authority to conduct religious services

Gospel-(“good news”) one of the four accounts of Jesus’ life, teachings, and resurrection

Pope-the bishop of Rome, later the head of the Roman Catholic Church

Monastery-religious community where monks live and work

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Mandate – formal order

Social class – group of people who share a similar position in society

Confucianism – system of beliefs introduced by the Chinese thinker Confucius; taught that people needed to have a sense of duty to their family and community in order to bring peace to society

Daoism – Chinese philosophy based on the teachings of Laozi; taught that people should turn to nature and give up their worldly concerns

Leagalism-society needs a system of harsh laws and punishments, Strong rulers, founded by Hanfeizi