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After Lincoln's election, Congress was forced to rush to find another compromise to keep the South relatively content, even as Lincoln declared that he would let slavery be where it already was but would not let it spread. On the same day that Lincoln agreed to this, December 20th, 1860, South Carolina voted to secede from the Union officially, and by February 1861, six more states had joined it as the Confederate States of America.
Image:
https://www.tes.com/lessons/oIxu4VcTSzUhZQ/south-carolina-secession

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#14 Abraham Lincoln is Elected as President

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#14 Abraham Lincoln is Elected as President

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The Republican party supported Lincoln's rise to Presidency, but Lincoln's opposition was split among three candidates, causing him to win even though he was not even on the ballot in ten southern states. What the South saw out of this was themselves losing power, as they knew that now Congress was well on the way to abolishing slavery.
Image:
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/249105423118580632/

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John Brown, the man who lead the attack at Pottawatomie, decided the only way to end slavery was with bloodshed, so he lead a group of men to ransack the federal arsenal at Harper's Ferry, Virginia, and give all the stolen weapons to a slave rebellion cause, in 1859. All of Brown's men, including himself, were killed in this impulsive attack, but Brown's fierce, brave words about how blood would need to be spilled to end slavery struck fear into the hearts of Southerners.
Image:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Brown%27s_raid_on_Harpers_Ferry

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Abolitionists banded together during the Kansas-Nebraska Act time to form a new political party, the Republicans, and chose Abraham Lincoln to represent them and run for Senator. Lincoln ran against Senator Douglas, who saw no issue with keeping the country divided on slavery, as oppose to Lincoln's beliefs that slavery was a moral issue as oppose to a legal one. Lincoln lost the election, but their debates were widely publicized, and Lincoln began to gain recognition.
Image:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln%E2%80%93Douglas_debates

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A slave named Dred Scott went to the Supreme Court to have his case heard, that he was a free man due to him having lived in Wisconsin for a time, which was above the Missouri Compromise line, even as he returned to Missouri. The court declared that Congress did not have the constitutional ability to create something such as the Missouri Compromise because slaves were property, therefore Dred Scott could not become a free man.
Image:
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p2932.html

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The attacks on Lawrence were evidence to Senator Charles Sumner that Senator Douglas has been plotting with the south to make Kansas a slave state the whole time, so Sumner gave a fiery speech denouncing Douglas and pitying Kansas for being force-fed such inhumanity. In response, Southerners were outraged, and one named Preston Brooks went to Sumner and beat him up with a metal-tipped cane.
Image: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Sumner

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The fight over slavery in the new territories grew heated, until it finally reached the boiling point on May 21st, 1856, in Lawrence, Kansas, when several proslavery settlers ransacked and burned abolitionist areas, as well as dumped the printing supplies of two anti-slavery newspapers into a nearby river. In retaliation, a man named John Brown and his comrades went to Pottawatomie, Kansas, and mutilated five proslavery men.
Image:
https://emergencyroomproductions.com/2017/01/04/warning-shots-a-short-monologue-for-young-actors/

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Senator Stephen Douglas of Illinois introduced a bill into Congress that created two new territories, Kansas and Nebraska, into the union, allowing a railroad to the west to be built. His bill, however, practiced "popular sovereignty," which gave the territories the option to have slavery or not.

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To keep the South content, the Fugitive Slave Act was put into place, which required any slave who fled North to be returned to slavery, and anyone who knew where a runaway slave was to turn them in. Northerners disliked the act because it turned them all into slave-hunters, and Southerners felt it wasn't strong enough to actually return their slaves.
Image:
http://tenthamendmentcenter.com/2014/05/20/constitutionally-sound-nullification-of-the-fugitive-slave-act/

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In the ladder half of 1849, California applied to join the Union as a free state, which would have thrown of the balance of Congressional Representation. The South, in response, threatened to withdraw from the Union.
Image:
https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23856

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The "Gag Rule" kept Congress quiet on slavery issues for ten years, until 1846 when President James Polk proposed an act that banned slavery in any of the territories acquired from the Mexican-American War, a bill met with much opposition. The Southerners proposed extending the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacific, but the North disagreed.
Image:
http://inamericanhistory.blogspot.com/2013/06/fugitive-slave-act.html

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Meanwhile, the South's hatred of abolitionism turned to fear due to rebellions such as Nat Turner's. But the South was not ready to lose its slaves, which it was because of escape to the North. To solve this issue, Southerners demanded an act controlling fugitive slaves who run away to the North.
Image:
http://inamericanhistory.blogspot.com/2013/06/fugitive-slave-act.html

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By 1850, the prospects of the Civil War stirred in many American's minds. Southern Senator Henry Clay proposed a solution, with the support of Northern Senator Daniel Webster called the Compromise of 1850. This would admit California as a free state but leave the choice for new states up to the state on whether to be free or slave. It also required a firm fugitive slave law that would keep runaway slaves in line. After nine months of debate, Congress accepted the Compromise.
Image:
http://slideplayer.com/slide/6163458/

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#2 The Missouri Compromise Unravels (1830s-40s)

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#2 The Missouri Compromise Unravels (1830s-40s)

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The Second Great Awakening inspired much of the North to please the Lord by abolishing the evil of slavery. When these people went to Congress, they were met with the "Gag Rule," a rule to silence abolitionism attempts by Congress. Meanwhile, the South's hatred of abolitionism turned to fear due to rebellions such as Nat Turner's, and passed measures in response to keep slaves in line, such as the fugitive slave act
Image:
http://www.dailypress.com/features/history/dp-nws-nat-turners-rebellion-20160820-story.html

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In 1820, Congress resolved an issue of admitting Missouri as a slave state, which would have thrown of the delicate balance of slave and free state representation. To try and difuse the argument, Congress agreed to admit Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, therefore maintaining the balance of congressional representation. Congress also stretched a line across the Louisiana territory banning any slave states from being admitted north of this line, which upset the South.
Image: http://www.carolana.com/SC/1800s/antebellum/missouri_compromise.html