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Analyze the reasons of the rise of WWI

Describe significant events that happened in WWI

Assess the effects of WWI

Analyze the efforts of nations to achieve international peace and prosperity

Analyze the reasons of the rise of WWII

Describe significant events that happened in WWII

Assess the effects of WWII

Reflect heavily on learning experiences and processes

Analyze and evaluate major alternative points of view

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The Roots of The Great War

The Rise of Nationalism and Colonial Rilvaries

Internal Conflicts  and Militarism

The System of Alliances

The Balkan Conflicts

The Great War: 1914 to 1918

The Assassination of Franz Ferdinand

Declarations of War

The Western Front

The Eastern Front

The Russian Revolution

The United States at War

Final Offensive: 1918

The League of Nations

The Aftermath of the Great War

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World War II

The Path to World War II

The Expansion of Nationalism

Totalitarianism and The Rise of Dictators

The Battle of Britain

Europe and the Holocaust

The Soviet Invasion

The War in the Pacific

Allied Offensive

Final Years of WWII: 1943-1945

The Aftermath of WWII

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The Roots of The Great War: The Rise of Nationalism and Colonial Rivalries

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The Roots of The Great War: The Rise of Nationalism and Colonial Rivalries

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Nationalism was the cause of rivalries in Europe.

Nationalism  - the shared belief of loyalty to the ethnicity and culture of a nation.

Germans, French, and the British are the countries that have Nationalism as the most important trait.

Franco-Prussian War: 1870-1871
France vs. Germany, Germany ultimately won and the war strengthened the German Reich.

Results:

Germany gained determination for conquering more and take annexed territories

France wanted revenge

Reich - realm

Nationalism rose in Italy after unification due to areas being controlled in the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

Italy's Nationalism inspired the Slavs, The Irish, and the Poles to become free, too

Nationalism worsened relationships between Europeans.

British and Russians railied for control over Mesopotamia.

France and Germany scrambled over Moroccan territories in Africa.

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Internal conflicts due to unfair labor from industrialization.
Working Class demanded more from the wealthy.

Nation States with worst internal conflicts were on the verge of revolution

The worsening of external and internal problems caused armies to prepare for war.

Between 1870 and 1914, the military of Europeans doubled.

Germans began programs to increase navy to rival the British. British lost when the Germans made the HMS Dreadnought.

Russian army employed 1.3 mil men, the largest among Europeans. French also increased the size of its army.

Conscription became common.
Conscription - drafting of soldiers

Otto Von Bismarck - chancellor of Germany negotiating alliance of Germany, Russia and Austria Hungary

This League was quickly broken because of a disagreement between Russia and Austria-Hungary over territory

Disbandment between the three created the Dual Alliance whose goal is to overpower the Russians.

In 1882, Italy joined forming the Triple Alliance

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Balkan Peninsula led by European minorities such as the Greeks, The Rumanians, the Turks, and the Serbs tested the alliances' loyalty to each other

Greeks and Slavs fought for independence from Ottoman rule, but majority of ethnic populations were still under control.

Balkans were called the "powder keg of Europe" because of ethnic conflicts in the region

Treaty of Berlin - provided Autstria-Hungary a firm succession of power with the right to Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Bosnian Crisis - Austro-Hungarian Empire annexing the nation, giving rise to said crisis

Slavs with the help of Russians because of their kinship established their influence in the region.

Serbians became determined in establishing a state in the peninsula

Russo-Japanese War: 1904-1905
Russia vs. Japan, Japan won thereby limiting Russia's support to the Serbian campaign

Balkan League attacked the Ottoman Empire on Oct 9, 1812.
This resulted to:

The First Balkan War: led to creation of Albania and expansion of the rest of Balkan League members

Due to unsettled talks of peace and dissent among the victors regarding spoils of the war in Macedonia, resulted to:

Second Balkan War: June 16, 1912
Bulgaria attacked Serbia and Greece but Bulgaria ultimately lost after 33 days disbanding the Balkan League.

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There were a lot of number of causes for the start of the war, but the Archduke's death was the main reason.

After the assassination, Austria declared war on Serbia.

Then Russia prepared to defend its ally, Serbia

Next, Germany declared war on Russia to protect Austria

This caused France to declare war on Germany to protect its ally Russia

Germany invaded Belgium to get to France which caused Britain to declare war on Germany

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The Great War: 1914 to 1918 The Assassination of Franz Ferdinand

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The Great War: 1914 to 1918 The Assassination of Franz Ferdinand

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On June 28, 1914,

Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife, Sophia, Duchess of Hohenberg, visited the Bosnian Capital to open a state museum then observation of military maneuvers in the city

Archduke Franz Ferdinand - heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne

The Black Hand threw a bomb at the Archduke's car, but he survived. The Archduke and his wife was ultimately killed by Serb Gavrillo

Serb Gavrillo - 19-year old Bosnian that killed the Archduke and his wife

The Black Hand - Terrorist organization who wanted an independent Bosnia

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The Eastern Front was more fluid and involved thousands miles of lands.

Russia, having the largest army, suffered a lot because of lack of resources.

Battle of Tannenberg and the Battle of Masurian Lakes - Germans defeated Russians

Bulgaria joined the alliance because of the campaign of the Central Powers and attacked Serbia.

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Early WWI was fought mostly in the Western Front in Southern Belgium and Northern France by Germany

The Schlieffen Plan - aimed to surround Paris

Germany gained control over Belgium and continued to go to Paris.

Battle of Marne - French and Britain vs. Germany. The allies ultimately won.

A strategy that was commonly used in the war was using trenches, dug-out ditches as a war shelter

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Austro-Hungary were separated into Hungary, Austria, Czecholoslovakia, and Yugoslavia.

Tsarist Russia had a civil war which lead to the rise of communists.

The Ottoman Empire also declined with the establishment of the Turkish Republic.

Germany faced great financial problems which made wages dropped and increased labor. The Government made restless labor and printed paper money to pay war debts.

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Created on January 25, 1919, the Paris Peace Conference created the League of Nations.

The League had 42 member states

The League aims to:

1. Prevent wars by reducing the military

2. Promote collective security

3. Settle international disputes through diplomacy

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Russia withdrew from the war and the Allied victory seemed at loss

Germans tried attacking Paris again, but lost at the Second Battle of Marne

The Empire ended with the declaration of Independence of Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Poland.

By September, Bulgaria surrendered to the Allies, like the Ottomans.

Germany remained the only Central Power

On November 11, the German Government signed the armistice agreement, a document that ended WWI

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The United States was neutral at first, but ultimately joined.

On May 1915, Germans torpedoed an American tanker and sank British Passenger Ship, RMS Lusitania

Battle of Jurland - a single naval battle between the British and Germans

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The Allied Powers and The Central Powers

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The Allied Powers and The Central Powers

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The Allied Powers, composed of the Triple Entente (France, Russia, and Britain)

The Central Powers, composed of the Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy)

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In 1800s, major European Powers formed alliances that have similar interests.

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World War II didn't start out like WWI, it was because of conflicting ideologies which made nations aggress each other.

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The Ottoman Empire being labeled as the "sick man of Europe" encouraged them to Nationalism

An Arab Revolt partitioned the Ottoman Empire and the creation of Middle Eastern States, like, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Iran, ruled by Resa Shah

Africa helping much in WWI against the Central Powers demanded independence from their colonies

In Japan, zaibatsu's (large corporations) corruption caused inequalities

In China, revolutions against the government led to the creation of the Chinese Republic led by Sun Yat Sen

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Totalitarianism and The Rise of Dictators

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Totalitarianism and The Rise of Dictators

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Totalitarianism - form of government that uses absolute control over sociopolitical and cultural aspects of a state

The strongest among dictators is Adolf Hitler of the Nazi party.

In Russia, Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin were great rivals.

France was also a victim by dictatorship. Its dictator was Benito Mussolini of the Italian Fascist Party.

Fascism - a system of hyper nationalistic government where a dictator controls the lives of citizens entirely

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The Axis powers, Germany, Italy, and Japan became military supoerpowers

With the Axis Powers' victories, WWII expanded.

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With Austria being annexed by Germany, this began campaigns to regain German territories.

Chamberlain agreed to make peace through Hitler's demands which angered Stalin.

Russia started to mistrust their allies.

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After the French surrendered, Britain was the only force against Germany.

Winston Churchill became the new Prime Minister under the call "blood, sweat, and tears" and to "never surrender"

Germany's air force bombed British air and naval bases.

The British attacked back by intercepting intelligence through a radar system.

Hitler started bombing British cities to break British morale.

In September 1940, British got the support of the US

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Hitler's final solution to "unclean races" was the genocide of ALL Jews-whom he believed to be blame for the war.

Hitler believed without Jews, society would become better under Aryan rule.

The Einsatzgruppen is a special task force that captures European Jews and put them into death camps. The Jews were tortured, beaten, and gassed to death.

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French being defeated, Hitler expected Britain getting support from the last major power, The Soviet Union.

Hitler launched a surprise invasion on Soviel soil under Operation Barbarossa to seize resources like oil, farmland, etc.

In 4 months, Germany had control over Ukraine, Leningrad, and Moscow.

German troops weren't prepared for winter prevented advacement of the Germans.

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The Axis Forces in Tunisia surrendered to the Allies in May 13, 1943 which gave valuable entry point to Italy.

By September, the Allies captured Sicily which led to the defeat of Mussolini's Fascist forces which defeated Italy completely

Autumn of 1943, D-Day was implemented, a plan to free France and the rest of Western Europe.

In December 1944, the Nazis attacked France and Luxembourg, known as the Battle of the Bulge

Soviet Forces steadily liberated Ukraine and Baltic states. By January 1945, Warsaw, Poland, Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria have been liberated.

In Asia, the US and Filipino forces worked together against the Japanese.

The US airforces attacked Tokyo through dropping bombs.

In May of 1945, Manila had been recaptured.

With Germany's defeat, the Japanese were called for to surrender. On August 6, 1945, the first atomic bomb was launched at Nagasaki. 3 days later, a second bomb was dropped on Nagasaki.

On August 14, Japan finally surrendered.

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British fighting Germany, the only nation that can combat Japan is the US.

On December 7, 1941, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, the greatest naval base of the US. The Japanese destroyed eight US battleships such as the USS Arizona, USS Tennessee, etc.

After 3 days, Germany and Italy declared war against the US.

The Japanese failed to cripple the US through the Pearl Harbor attack and encouraged them to join the war more.

After Germany defeated the French and Dutch, Japan seized their colonies in Indochina then dominated most of Asia.

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The Attack on Pearl Harbor forced Americans to join the war.

Along with Britain and the Soviet Union, The Grand Alliance was formed.

Unlike the first half of the war, the latter part was the ability to manage resources

There were three battles that became crucial in the Allied Victory against Axis Powers.

1. The Battle of Midway - US crippling Japanese aerial advantage

2. Battle of El Alamein - British forces pushing German tanks in Egypt and North Africa which made German and Italian troops surrender

3. Battle of Stalingrad - Soviets prented Germans from capturing all of Southern Russia and its oil resources.

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WWII influenced the political, socioeconomic and diplomatic ties that is still felt to this day.

The landscapes were also destroyed all over the world due to bombs, gun shootings, etc.

The United Nations was formed on October 24, 1945.

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Of course, I learned more about the two world wars, but I also learned that war doesn't fix anything. Everyone was so lost in their own opinions and beliefs they became hypocritical. I won't be like Hitler, in the simple way, where I won't push my beliefs to others and think about it first.