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Won first prize in an application writing contest

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Breaking in to cars

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Common App example Breaking Into Cars.docx

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Susan Sontag

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1 The sensibility of an era is not only its most decisive, but also its most perishable, aspect. One may capture the ideas (intellectual history) and the behavior (social history) of an epoch without ever touching upon the sensibility or taste which informed those ideas, that behavior.

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What type of list do you want

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In composition, a list is a series of particular images, details, or facts. Also called a, a catalog, an inventory, and (in classical rhetoric) enumeratio.

Lists are often used in works of fiction and creative nonfiction (including essays) to evoke a sense of place or character. Lists are commonly used in business writing and technical writing to convey factual information succinctly.

The items in a list are usually arranged in parallel form and separated by commas (or semicolons if the items themselves contain commas).

In business writing and technical writing, lists are commonly arranged vertically, with each item preceded by a number or a bullet.

Lists may also be used as a discovery or prewriting strategy. (See listing.)

See Examples and Observations below. Also see:

Lists in Paragraphs and Essays

Examples and Observations

"Bare lists of words are found suggestive to an imaginative and excited mind."
(Ralph Waldo Emerson, "The Poet," 1844)

"My own inclination is to think of [lists] as a rhetorical figure-like hyperbole, say, or zeugma-as essentially humble figure that can be extended indefinitely and still flavour what it is applied to."
(Francis Spufford, The Chatto Book of Cabbages and Kings: Lists in Literature. Chatto & Windus, 1989)

A List of Tom Sawyer's Treasures
"There was no lack of material; boys happened along every little while; they came to jeer, but remained to whitewash. . . . And when the middle of the afternoon came, from being a poor poverty-stricken boy in the morning, Tom was literally rolling in wealth. He had besides the things before mentioned, twelve marbles, part of a jew's-harp, a piece of blue bottle-glass to look through, a spool cannon, a key that wouldn't unlock anything, a fragment of chalk, a glass stopper of a decanter, a tin soldier, a couple of tadpoles, six fire-crackers, a kitten with only one eye, a brass door-knob, a dog-collar-but no dog-the handle of a knife, four pieces of orange-peel, and a dilapidated old window sash.

"He had had a nice, good, idle time all the while-plenty of company-and the fence had three coats of whitewash on it! If he hadn't run out of whitewash he would have bankrupted every boy in the village."
(Mark Twain, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, 1876)

The Contents of Mildred's Cupboards
"When she opened the cupboards, an ache slid down her forehead into her nasal passage and throbbed on the roof of each nostril. It continued like an arrow into her skull, and skated up and down her neck until it had no place else to go. Mildred gave her head a good shake. Bags of black-eyed peas, pinto beans, butter beans, lima beans, and a big bag of rice stared her in the face. She opened another cabinet and there sat half a jar of peanut butter, a can of sweet peas and carrots, one can of creamed corn, and two cans of pork-n-beans. There was nothing in the refrigerator except a few crinkly apples she'd gotten from the apple man two weeks ago, a stick of margarine, four eggs, a quart of milk, a box of lard, a can of Pet milk, and a two-inch piece of salt pork."
(Terry McMillan, Mama. Houghton Mifflin, 1987)

The List as a Graphic Device
- Keep in mind that graphic devices should be used carefully and with moderation, not just for decoration or to dress up a letter or report. Used properly, they can help you to

organize, arrange, and emphasize your ideas

make your work easier to read and recall

preview and summarize your ideas, for example, headings

list related items to help readers distinguish, follow, compare, and recall them--as this bulleted list does

(Philip C. Kolin, Successful Writing at Work, 8th ed. Houghton Mifflin, 2007)

- "The most important effect of any list is to create white space on the page, making for a relaxed visual environment in which information can be scanned and understood."
(Roy Peter Clark, How to Write Short. Little, Brown and Company, 2013)

The Appeal of Online Lists
"We share what we're thinking about-and we think about the things we can remember. This facet of sharing helps explain the appeal of list-type stories . . ., as well as stories that stick in your mind because they are bizarre. Lists also get shared because of another feature that [marketing professor Jonah] Berger often finds successful: the promise of practical value. 'We see top-ten lists on Buzzfeed and the like all the time,' he notes. 'It allows people to feel like there's a nice packet of useful information that they can share with others.' We want to feel smart and for others to perceive us as smart and helpful, so we craft our online image accordingly."
(Maria Konnikova, "The Six Things That Make Stories Go Viral Will Amaze, and Maybe Infuriate, You." The New Yorker, January 21, 2014)

The Functions of Lists
- "Lists . . . may compile a history, gather evidence, order and organize phenomena, present an agenda of apparent formlessness, and express a multiplicity of voices and experiences. . . ."

"Each unit in a list possesses an individual significance but also a specific meaning by virtue of its membership with the other units in the compilation (though this is not to say that the units are always equally significant). Writers find a wide range of application for lists because of this capability, and subsequently critics offer a variety of readings."
(Robert E. Belknap, The List: The Uses and Pleasures of Cataloguing. Yale University Press, 2004)

- "[E]ssayists have been using the list as a way to structure thought for a long time. (Sontag's 'Notes on "Camp,"' to point to a famous example, takes the form of a list of fifty-eight numbered fragments.) But the list is a way of writing that anticipates, and addresses itself to, a certain capriciousness in the reader. By not only allowing partial and fleeting engagement but by actively encouraging it, the list becomes the form which accommodates itself most smoothly to the way a lot of us read now, a lot of the time. It's the house style of a distracted culture."
(Marc O'Connell, "10 Paragraphs About Lists You Need in Your Life Right Now." The New Yorker, August 29, 2013)

Dorothy Sayers on the Advertiser's Lists
"The very work that engaged him-or rather, the shadow simulacrum of himself that signed itself on every morning-wafted him into a sphere of dim platonic archetypes, bearing a scarcely recognizable relationship to anything in the living world. Here those strange entities, the Thrifty Housewife, the Man of Discrimination, the Keen Buyer and the Good Judge, for ever young, for ever handsome, for ever virtuous, economical and inquisitive, moved to and fro upon their complicated orbits, comparing prices and values, making tests of purity, asking indiscreet questions about each other's ailments, household expenses, bed-springs, shaving cream, diet, laundry work and boots, perpetually spending to save and saving to spend, cutting out coupons and collecting cartons, surprising husbands with margarine and wives with patent washers and vacuum-cleaners, occupied from morning to night in washing, cooking, dusting, filing, saving their children from germs, their complexions from wind and weather, their teeth from decay and their stomachs from indigestion, and yet adding so many hours to the day by labour-saving appliances that they had always leisure for visiting the talkies, sprawling on the beach to picnic upon Potted Meats and Tinned Fruit, and (when adorned by So-and-so's Silks, Blank's Gloves, Dash's Footwear, Whatnot's Weatherproof Complexion Cream and Thingummy's Beautifying Shampoos), even attending Renalagh, Cowes, the Grand Stand at Ascot, Monte Carlo and the Queen's Drawing-Rooms."
(Dorothy L. Sayers, Murder Must Advertise, 1933)

Tom Wolfe's List: Subway Station at 50th Street and Broadway (circa 1965)
"All round them, tens, scores, it seems like hundreds, of faces and bodies are perspiring, trooping and bellying up the stairs with arteriosclerotic grimaces past a showcase full of such novelty items as Joy Buzzers, Squirting Nickels, Finger Rats, Scary Tarantulas and spoons with realistic dead flies on them, past Fred's barbershop, which is just off the landing and has glossy photographs of young men with the kind of baroque haircuts one can get in there, and up onto 50th Street into a madhouse of traffic and shops with weird lingerie and gray hair-dyeing displays in the windows, signs for free teacup readings and a pool-playing match between the Playboy Bunnies and Downey's Showgirls, and then everybody pounds on toward the Time-Life Building, the Brill Building or NBC."
(Tom Wolfe, "A Sunday Kind of Love." The Kandy-Kolored Tangerine-Flake Streamline Baby. Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1965)

Two Lists in Tender Is the Night
"With Nicole's help Rosemary bought two dresses and two hats and four pairs of shoes with her money. Nicole bought from a great list that ran two pages, and bought the things in the windows besides. Everything she liked that she couldn't possibly use herself, she bought as a present for a friend. She bought colored beads, folding beach cushions, artificial flowers, honey, a guest bed, bags, scarfs, love birds, miniatures for a doll's house and three yards of some new cloth the color of prawns. She bought a dozen bathing suits, a rubber alligator, a traveling chess set of gold and ivory, big linen handkerchiefs for Abe, two chamois leather jackets of kingfisher blue and burning bush from Hermes--bought all these things not a bit like a high-class courtesan buying underwear and jewels, which were after all professional equipment and insurance--but with an entirely different point of view. Nicole was the product of much ingenuity and toil. For her sake trains began their run at Chicago and traversed the round belly of the continent to California; chicle factories fumed and link belts grew link by link in factories; men mixed toothpaste in vats and drew mouthwash out of copper hogsheads; girls canned tomatoes quickly in August or worked rudely at the Five-and-Tens on Christmas Eve; half-breed Indians toiled on Brazilian coffee plantations and dreamers were muscled out of patent rights in new tractors--these were some of the people who gave a tithe to Nicole, and as the whole system swayed and thundered onward it lent a feverish bloom to such processes of hers as wholesale buying, like the flush of a fireman's face holding his post before a spreading blaze. She illustrated very simple principles, containing in herself her own doom, but illustrated them so accurately that there was grace in the procedure, and presently Rosemary would try to imitate it."
(F. Scott Fitzgerald, Tender Is the Night, 1934)

Clark's List at the Museum of Civilization: The Snow Globe
"Consider the snow globe. Consider the mind that invented those miniature storms, the factory worker who turned sheets of plastic into white flakes of snow, the hand that drew the plan for the miniature Severn City with its church steeple and city hall, the assembly-line worker who watched the globe glide past on a conveyer belt somewhere in China. Consider the white gloves on the hands of the woman who inserted the snow globes into boxes, to be packed into larger boxes, crates, shipping containers. Consider the card games played belowdecks in the evenings on the ship carrying the containers across the ocean, a hand stubbing out a cigarette in an overflowing ashtray, a haze of blue smoke in dim light, the cadences of a half dozen languages united by common profanities, the sailors' dreams of land and women, these men for whom the ocean was a gray-line horizon to be traversed in ships the size of overturned skyscrapers. Consider the signature on the shipping manifest when the ship reached port, a signature unlike any other on earth, the coffee cup in the hand of the driver delivering boxes to the distribution center, the secret hopes of the UPS man carrying boxes of snow globes from there to the Severn City Airport. Clark shook the globe and held it up to the light. When he looked through it, the planes were warped and caught in whirling snow."
(Emily St. John Mandel, Station Eleven. Alfred A. Knopf, 2014)

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In composition, a list is a series of particular images, details, or facts. Also called a, a catalog, an inventory, and (in classical rhetoric) enumeratio . Lists are often used in works of fiction and creative nonfiction (including essays) to evoke a sense of place or character.

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Short how to link