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The first steps toward economic imperialism

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The British East India Company established a trading post

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The Qing started the Canton system, making foreign merchants to trade with a Chinese merchant. The attempts to limit foreign trading failed

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Opium was increasingly spreading and being given to China

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Foreign powers have moved into China and established influence.

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The Qing seized an Opium import and this triggered the first Opium war 1839-1842

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Triggering of The First Opium War

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Britain won a war against China and was preparing to take China's capital. The emperor had no choice but to accept the demands and sign a peace treaty.

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France and USA in 1848, and Russia in 1858, made treaties like England's. This made foreign nationals immune to the Chinese laws

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Russia claims China’s far west and northeast

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Second Opium war begun

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Europe fought to make China change its foreign relations to treaty relations. The Treaty of Tientsin and Convention of Peking increased China’s semi-colonial status, this made foreigners allowed free movement and business anywhere in China.

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The Treaty of Tientsin removed the last curial/ significant barriers to foreign imperialism in China.

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England got access to the upper part of the Yangtze River

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Japan’s claims to Korea and Northeast China

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The Boxers were set on getting rid of Foreign Influence

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Boxers took action against foreigners by burning down their houses and churches.

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Western governments pressed Cixi to take action against the boxers (Cixi secretly supported the Boxers)

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A number of foreign powers had moved into China and established spheres of influence to further their commercial and economic interests, this left the Qing very weakened and humiliated.

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The boxers killed the foreign minister from Germany and sieged the foreign legation district. The following day the empress declared a war on all foreign nations that had a presence in China.

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an international army stopped the Boxer rebellion in Northern China, destroying much of Beijing

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The Chinese government did not plan on ending the Boxers violence

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China and 11 other nations signed The Boxer Protocol. Ended the Boxer rebellion (1898-1901)