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(S56151) Muhamad Farezwan Bin Mohd Fairull

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(S56151) Muhamad Farezwan Bin Mohd Fairull

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Chapter 1
Sedimentation- a process that allow suspended particle to settle by
gravity.
Centrifugation- separation process that use centrifugate force to separate
dense particles away from the center. As example, it's been use by doctor to
separate blood and plasma.

Chapter 2
Isotropic- Object/material that have identical physical property in
all direction such as glass and metal.
Anisotropic- it is opposite from isotropic which is it has different
physical properties in different direction such as wood.

Chapter 3
Linear polymer- Is a single
continuous chain of carbon-carbon bonds.it is very flexible and has high
melting point.
Inorganic membrane- made of carbon,
metal and ceramic. It has high thermal and chemical stability.

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S56533
CHAPTER 1
1)separation-to separate (2different matter which is solid and liquid) & to purify
2)two type of separation ;
-  solid in liquid mixture
-  liquid in liquid mixture
3)function of separation :
-  to obtain pure substance
-  to remove unwanted particle
- to identify what to be separate from mixture
4)membrane benefits-support green approach of technlogy

CHAPTER 2
1)1962-Loeb & Sourirajan success (this is the most functional breakthrough from)
2)1748-First word osmosis which is semi-permiability .(French and Abbe Nolet)
3)Classification of membrane ;
-morphology
-membrane process due to driving forces
4)homogenous vs heterogenous

CHAPTER 3
1)Organic and inorganic membrane
2)Classifaction of polymer;
-thermoset
-elastomer
-thermoplastic
-thermoplastc elastomer
3)Polymer families:
-polyester
-polyetis
-natural polymer (sellulose,rubber)
4)Polymer structure:
-linear polymer
-branches polymer
-crosslink polymer
-network polymer

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Chapter 1:
1. Separation techniques are one of the main introduction that refer to technology membrane.
2.There are 7 types of separation techniques that acquired in this chapter
3.Membrane is act like barrier to separate two different things.
4. Types of membrane systems

Chapter 2 :
1. Chronology of membrane technology
2. Membrane breakthrough
3. Classification of membrane would be in 3 part ;
- homogeneous or heterogeneous
- symmetric or asymmetric
- solid or liquid in structure
4. Driving forces of membrane processes

Chapter 3:
A. Membrane materials
1.  Differences between organic and inorganic membrane
2. Types of inorganic membrane

B. Polymers
1. Definition
2. Classification of polymers
- thermoset
- thermoplastic
- elastomers
- thermoplastic elastomers
3. Polymers main structure
- linear polymers
- branches polymers
- crosslinked polymers
- network polymers
4. Unique of polymers
- long chain
- macromolecules
- get entangled

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CHAPTER 1
- Membrane is a physical barrier that is permeable to some species present in one of the streams.
-A membrane is nothing more than a discrete, thin interface that moderates the permeation of chemical species in contact with it.
- Different with normal filters, filter usually limited to structures that separate particulate suspensions larger than 1 to 10 micrometer.

Membrane Separations are:
1. Pressure driven (microfiltration)
2. Thermal driven (membrane distillation)
3. Osmotic driven (forward osmosis)
4. Charge driven (electrodialysis)

CHAPTER 2
Homogeneous membrane
are dense membrane through which molecules pass by pressure, concentration or electrical potential gradient.
these membranes are used to separate the chemical species of similar size and diffusivity when their concentration difference significant.
Micro-porous membrane
These membranes are usually made up materials like ceramics, graphite, metal oxides and polymers.
The pore size of these membranes varies from 1 mm to 20 microns.

CHAPTER 3
Crosslinked polymers
Carried out during polymerization or by a non reversible reaction after synthesis
Materials often behave very differently from linear polymers
Network polymers
Polymers that are trifunctional instead of bifunctional
There are three points on the polymer that can react

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CHAPTER 1

Membrane - semi-permeable barrier that separate 2 different state of matter (liquid and solid) by external driving force.

Driving force - 4 driving forces:

Pressure driven (RO,NF,MF, etc)

Thermal driven (membrane distillation)

Osmotic driven (forward osmosis)

Charge driven (electrodialysis)

CHAPTER 2

Membrane development - artificial kidney (Kolff, 1944), bacterial culturing (german scientists, 1945)

Asymmetric - consists of two part; a thin skin on the surface with supporting layer. (better than microporous membrane)

CHAPTER 3

Inorganic membrane- advantage: high thermal stability, high chemical stability (good corrosion resistance), long lifetime. Disadvantage: high capital cost, brittleness, complex method preparation.

Linear Polymer:- obtained by simply adding monomers together

Copolymer:- Polymer which is obtained by different types of monomers.

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Chapter 1
1. Membrane - a physical barrier that is permeable to some species present in one of the stream.

2. Membrane process - there are four (4) types of driven membrane that are pressure, chemical concentration, thermal and electrical driven membrane.

Chapter 2
1. Development of membrane - 1748 introduced by Abbe Nolet, semi permeability for the first time.

2. Classification of filter - show the different between symmetric and asymmetric membrane in the screen filter types.

Chapter 3
1. Classification by material - emphasizing on synthetic membrane that consist organic membrane (polymeric & liquid) and inorganic membrane (ceramic & metal).

2. Polymer - one of the organic material that used for membrane. Monomer is molecule that form the basis unit for polymer. Polymerization process that is the binding of monomer to other monomer to form repeating chain molecules.

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Chapter 1:
-Gas separation is a process that separate the gas mixture through a membrane at an elevated pressure.
-It use partially permeable membranes that allow fast gases to pass through and be removed, the slow gases will remain in the air stream without the original contaminants.

Chapter 2:
-Asymmetric membrane also called as Anistropic membrane that contain 2 layer which is thin (0.1-1.0 micron) and thick layer (100-200 micron).
-The thin layer act as a separator that separate the mixture and it depend on the material and the pore size of the membrane.
- The advantages of asymmetric membrane is, it has higher fluxes compared to microporous membrane.

Chapter 3:
Addition Polymerization
-Monomers must have either a double bond or triple bond
- Produces no by-product

Condensation Polymerization
-Monomers must have 2 similar or different functional group
-By-products such as ammonia, water and HCI are produced

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CHAPTER 1

Green – Membrane is a selective mechanisms that environmentally friendly - using mild chemical, low pressure and temperature and no phase change.

Membrane – physical barrier that separate two phase and allow selective species to pass through.

CHAPTER 2
Asymmetric membrane – the breakthrough of membrane development that produce by Loeb and Sourirajan in 1960.

CHAPTER 3

Polymer - consist of repeating chain of monomer that binds to other monomers through polymerization process.

Thermoplastic – weak attractive forces between chains can easily be broken, it can be moulded into different shape.

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chapter 1
- membrane filtration can separates particulate suspension up to angstrom size particles while conventional filtration is limits to micron size particle (1-10 micronmeter)
- there are two streams in membrane processes which are permeate (portion passes through) and retentate (rejected materials)

chapter 2
- 1748's was the starting point of membrane history, Abbe Jean was coin the word osmosis. the breakthrough of membrane development is on 1960's. asymmetry membrane by Leob Sourirajan.

chapter 3
- membrane can be classified by material and morphology. classification by material: biological/ natural membrane and synthetic membrane. by morphology: isotropic and anisotropic
- macromolecules, long chain and chain entangled are properties that makes polymer unique and also the glass temperature and melting temperature.

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MUHAMMAD ANAS AIMAN BIN ABDUL GHANI (S55197)

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MUHAMMAD ANAS AIMAN BIN ABDUL GHANI (S55197)

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CHAPTER 1
Offer - Membrane is physical separation and also less foot print. It also need low energy solutions.
Pressure Driven Membrane - There are many types such as microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis. They works in different process.

CHAPTER 2
Microporous - Isotropic is pores of uniform size throughout body membrane. Anisotropic pores change size from one to others.
Asymmetric - Much better because have thin layer and another supporting layer to support porous layer.

CHAPTER 3
Monomers - A long molecule made from a lots of small molecules.
Saturated Hydrocarbons - Where each carbon bonded to four other atoms.

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Chapter 1:
1. Separation technique are divided into two classes in mixtures which are solid and liquid.
2. A membrane can control something to go in or out.

Chapter 2:
1. Pervaporation which are created by Kober and coworkers is implemented in major applications after adjustment in 2000's.
2. A membrane can be grouped into two type and they are depth and screen.

Chapter 3:
1. A membrane can be identified by two properties which are natural membrane or synthetic membrane.
2. A polymer is made up of many part.

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MEMBRANE

A region of discontinuity interposed between two phases.

GREEN because can recover, NO phase change, NO chemical involves.

Particle can pass through called permeate, the reject particle called retentate.

Asymmetric are far better than microporous because have support layer and  another very thin layer as separation zone.

Polymers are large molecul that  made up from repeated subunits.

Two type of polymers
1. Thermoplastic

no cross linking

can be melted repeatedly

2. Thermosets

has cross linking (covalent bond)

once shape, cannot melted anymore

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