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Control system:
A control system manages, commands, directs, or regulates other devices or systems using control loops.

What is a closed loop system?

The control action is dependent on the desired and actual process variable. A closed loop system has a feedback loop which ensures it produces a control action. Closed-loop controllers are also called feedback controllers.

Which are the elements of a closed loop system?

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Find two examples and explain them.
1. A toaster - Open-loop
Bread is put into the toaster, a timer is set, and a lever is pushed acting as a switch to start the process. The toaster coils heat and then the toast pops up, coils turn off, and the process ends.

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Actuator:
An actuator is a component of a machine that is responsible for moving or controlling a system; for example by actuating opening or closing a valve.

How do LEDs work?

They are illuminated solely by the movement of electrons in a semiconductor material, and they last just as long as a standard transistor.

What is the difference between a DC motor and a servomotor?

A DC motor has a two wire connection. All drive power is supplied over these two wires. When you turn on a DC motor, it just starts spinning. The servomotor receives a control signal, and applies power to its DC motor until its shaft turns to that position.

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Sensor:
A sensor is a device that detects and responds to an input from the environment. The specific input could be light, heat, motion...

Find 5 examples of sensors which can be connected to an Arduino board and classify them in a table.

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Arduino:
Arduino is an open-source electronics prototyping platform based on flexible, hardware and software.

Where was Arduino born?

The Arduino project started at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea (IDII) in Ivrea, Italy; in 2005.

Who were its founders?

Its main founder was Massimo Banzi with help from Casey Reas and Hernando Barragán.

Which are its elements?