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manipulate the boundaries of (an electoral constituency) so as to favor one party or class.

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an election law designed to ensure white supremacy in South Carolina without violating the Fifteenth Amendment, which barred states from depriving their citizens of the vote on the basis of race.

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a political coalition in the Southern United States during the Reconstruction Era that followed the Civil War.

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empowered the President to suspend the writ of habeas corpus to combat the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) and other white supremacy organizations.

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The Hamburg massacre was a key event in South Carolina during July 1876, leading up to the last election season of the Reconstruction Era.

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Wade Hampton III was a Confederate States of America military officer during the American Civil War and politician from South Carolina.

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The Red Shirts or Redshirts of the Southern United States were white supremacist paramilitary groups that were active in the late 19th century in the last years and after the end of the Reconstruction era of the United States

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8-5.3: Reconstruction Successes and Failures 

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8-5.3: Reconstruction Successes and Failures 

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a political candidate who seeks election in an area where they have no local connections.

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a white Southerner who collaborated with northern Republicans during Reconstruction, often for personal profit. The term was used derisively by white Southern Democrats who opposed Reconstruction legislation.

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Sharecropping is a form of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land.

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three distinct movements in the United States that have advocated extremist reactionary positions such as white supremacy, white nationalism, and anti-immigration

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laws passed by Southern states in 1865 and 1866. These laws had the intent and the effect of restricting African Americans' freedom, and of compelling them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt.

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The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude".

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addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws and was proposed in response to issues related to former slaves following the American Civil War.

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The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime.

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a faction of American politicians within the Republican Party of the United States from around 1854 until the end of Reconstruction in 1877.

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The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, usually referred to as simply the Freedmen's Bureau,[1] was an agency of the United States Department of War to "direct such issues of provisions, clothing, and fuel, as he may deem needful for the immediate and temporary shelter and supply of destitute and suffering refugees and freedmen and their wives and children."

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The term Reconstruction Era, in the context of the history of the United States, has two senses: the first covers the complete history of the entire country from 1865 to 1877 following the American Civil War (1861 to 1865); the second sense focuses on the attempted transformation of the Southern United States from 1863 to 1877, as directed by Congress, from states with economies dependent upon slavery, to states in which former slaves were citizens with civil rights.