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In 1280 the founder of the Ottoman Empire is born. In 1299 the founder of the Ottoman dynasty declares independence for the Selcuk. The founder of the Ottoman Empire is named Osman.

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In the year 750 AD, the two Great Dynasties overthrew the Umayyad caliphate. In 1258, the Abbasid caliphate was destroyed by the Mongol Invasion. Abbas al Saffah was one of the most victorious leaders in 748.

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The Umayyad Empire was the very first empire to be able to rule over the Arab Kingdom throughout 661 and 750 CE. One of the Umayyad's important leaders is Uthman ibn Affan who led from the years 644 throughout 656. The empires downfall  was caused after the empire was split into Arabs and non Arabs. This led to the non Arabs to be discriminated. This led them to be treated as lower class and made it easier to strife.

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Islam After Muhammad's first four caliphs.

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Islam After Muhammad's first four caliphs.

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After Muhammad's first four caliphs died, two groups were created. The first group was called the sunnis. They believed that they should agree with everything that Muhammad believes. The second group is called the Shias. They believed that only God could appoint a prophet.

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The Najd was a central plateau with pastures and valleys that were used to graze livestock.The Arabian Peninsula was used as a bridge for cultural development. It's central location was Africa and it was a very critical area in history because of its geography. In order to learn about the history of Arabia, you have to understand its features.