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- He was commissioned Major and subsequently named Aide-de-camp to William Alexander, Lord Stirling
- He saw serivce at Harlem Heights, White Plains, and Trenton, it was at Trenton where he was wounded
ushistory.org

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- His political service begin in 1782 when he was elected
- He was involved in the ratification of the Federal Constitution, and became a pronounced anti-Federalist
ushistory.org

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- Western Hemisphere is closed
- The U.S. would not interfere in European affairs

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Years in Office: 1817-1825
DOB: April 28, 1758
Death: July 4, 1831
Political Party: Democratic-Republican

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James Madison on the Constitutional Convention

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James Madison on the Constitutional Convention

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- Many national figures believed that the national government needed to be strengthened if the young republic was to survive
- The threat of national bankruptcy, Britain's refusal to evacuate military posts in the Northwest Territory
digitalhistory.uh.edu

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- Was written by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay
- Madison argued that a republican government could exist in the US, since the new country was so large that it contained competing interests and factions that would not unite and crush a minority
digitalhistory.uh.edu

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- U.S. army defeated
- DC burned by the British

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Years in Office: 1809-1817
DOB: March 16, 1751
Death: June 28, 1836
Political Party: Democratic-Republican

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- When Jefferson took office, not a single Republican served as a federal judge
- First goal of his presidency was to weaken Federalist control of the federal judiciary
digitalhistory.uh.edu

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- Goal was to restore the principles of the American Revolution
- His first concern was to urge conciliation and to allay fear that he planned a republican reign of terror
digitalhistory.uh.edu

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- Federalists to Democratic-Republicans
- Was the first peaceful transition of power under the Constitution

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Years in Office: 1801-1809
DOB: April 13, 1743
Death: July 4, 1826
Political Party: Democratic-Republican

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- Adams pursued peaceful negotiations
- In avoiding war with France, Adams saved the nation from the schemes of the High Federalists
sageamericanhistory.net

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- He lacked a personality conducive to winning a smooth administration
- He managed the difficult years of his presidency with considerable skill
sageamericanhistory.net

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- Can imprison people who criticize the government
- 10 republican editors fined and jailed (unpopular)

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Years in Office: 1797-1801
DOB: October 30, 1735
Death: July 4,  1826
Political Party: Federalist

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George Washington as President: Setting the Tone

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George Washington as President: Setting the Tone

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- He really wanted to serve only one term
- At the end of his 2nd term, he retired, leaving his famous farewell address as a guide-past for the future of the nation he had served so well
sageamericanhistory.net

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Washington's Farewell: Legacy of the "Independence Man"

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Washington's Farewell: Legacy of the "Independence Man"

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- Washington sent his farewell address draft to Alexander Hamilton
- Washington felt "a solicitude for your welfare, which cannot end but with my life," and was moved to offer advice
sageamericanhistory.net

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- Regular meetings by 1793
- "So help me God" added to the oath of office

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Years in Office: 1789-1797
DOB: February 22, 1732
Death: December 14, 1799
Political Party: NONE