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1. I believed we will have a transparent environment which can show all of producing process to the consumers. It probably will not come true in a short time, but this kind of idea should be broadcasted in the public. In the future, the business with no transparent producing process will not supposed to exist in the society. People only admit is 100% transparent business.
2. I really want to know about food processing the supermarket. Nowadays, prepared food is very popular, especially in America. However, when we got food more easily, we ignored the process that we don't even know. Food is the biggest threat to our health, so it is necessary to know the origins of those prepared food.

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proxy n.
Original: So a metric such as gCO2/km for average emissions for new cars is a good proxy for understanding a car's environmental impact.
Definition: a person authorized to act for another.
My own sentence: He is not a good proxy because he told the secrets to many other people.
Synonyms: agent

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oblige v.
Original: Many labels duplicate each other, confusing clients and leaving manufactures obliged to certify the same product several times.
My own sentence: The professor obliged us to use buy some expensive textbooks.
obliged adj.
disoblige v.
Synonyms: compel, obligate

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(1)I am looking forward to have a totally transparent environment of a product process, since it would  help us consumers of choosing the product that we really need.
(2)I think I want to see how an iPhone has been produced. If it is transparent for us, it must be interesting.

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sustainability(n.)
Original: inventing so many lucrative labels that offer quick assurance about product sustainability credentials.
my own sentence: This ensures long-term sustainability.
sustainable(adj.)
sustain(v.)
synonyms:property

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assurance(n.)
Original: inventing so many lucrative labels that offer quick assurance about product sustainability credentials.
my own sentence:
He would like an assurance that other forces will not move into the territory that his forces vacate.
assure(v.)
synonyms: pledge

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lucrative(adj.)
Original: inventing so many lucrative labels that offer quick assurance about product sustainability credentials.
my own sentence: Thousands of ex-army officers have found lucrative jobs in private security firms.
lucrativeness(n.)
Synonyms: moneymaking, profitable

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credentials(n.)
Original: inventing so many lucrative labels that offer quick assurance about product sustainability credentials.
my own sentence:I can testify to the credentials of the clientele.
credentialed (adj.)
credentialism (n.)
Synonyms:certificate

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Article 5:" Full product transparency gives consumers more informed choices"

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Article 5:" Full product transparency gives consumers more informed choices"

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Discipline: Environmental science, food
Summery: the article starts with some examples, which talk about most of goods are transparent. And us consumers need a transparent environment for us to compare then purchase. At the end, it says that it is a tendency that we will have a transparent process about a product.
Response: This article criticized about the opaque process of products, and call on that we should have a more transparent environment. In my opinion, us consumers have right to know the process of producing a product, and it would help us to choose what we really want.
DQs：
1, Do you think we would have a transparent environment of producing a product in the future?
2, Which product is the most that you want to know its process of flowsheet?

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1. I felt so sorry when I was reading the news. There are so many people in the world took their own lives which means they do not live in happiness. It is a social pathology. I think there are various reasons of suicides. It is necessary for the government association should take the responsibility to do the study of those reasons in order to figure out possible solutions.
2. I think it is not bad to have a suicide website because it provide a platform for the people who have suicidal tendency to communicate with each other, but it is much more important to have a website to help those people instead of telling them how to kill themselves. Anyway, people who do the social work should pay attention to this social problem in order to have salve their lives. And setting up a helping website should be one of methods.

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despicable (adj.)
Original: "...... to exploit the cries for help by victims who wrote about committing suicide is despicable," he said."
Definition: to describe someone is mean, disgust or nasty.
My own sentence: People who threw the rubbish on the ground are despicable.
despicability (n.).  despicableness(n.)
Synonyms: mean, disgust

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1. The government is the most responsible for preventing young people from suicide. I think government can focus on the Internet first since nowadays, internet plays an important role in society. Governments can block suicide websites directly. what is more, government needs to take more care on teenagers. They can establish some medical center to treat those teenagers who have mental problems.
2. I feel so bad when i notice that the murderer killed 9 innocent people. And i am stunned that the suicide rate is higher than my imagination. I can not believe people want to end their lives in such a beautiful world.

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authority(n)
origin: .... and to cooperate with web operators and the authorities.
Definition: persons who exercise (administrative) control over others
My own sentence: Sometimes, we need to be brave enough to plead against authorities.
authorize (v):
grant authorization or clearance for
Synonyms:  potency, dominance

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baulk (v.)
Original: He says that previously some people had baulked at killing themselves because they had not wanted to die alone - but suicide platforms and social media have changed that.
Definition: to stop, as at an obstacle
My own sentence: I baulked at doing the presentation because I was so nervous.
bulker (n.)
Synonyms: bulk, cramp

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Article 4:"Japan suicide websites targeted after 'house of horrors'"

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Article 4:"Japan suicide websites targeted after 'house of horrors'"

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Discipline: World Crime
Summary: the article starts with the news that a person killed nine people and hided the dismembered bodies in his suburbs, indicating the danger of suicide websites. The murderer,  Takahiro Shiraishi, said he came to know victims through social media where they had expressed suicidal thoughts. Then he killed them after luring them to his apartment.
Response:
This is a horrible event that the murderer killed nine people and dismembered them. After reading the article which shows me the statistics of suicide rates in Japan, I can't imagine that there are such many people complain the world and try to suicide. To avoid such thing happens again, the government should take actions. Suicide websites should be prohibited.
DQs:
1. what can government to decrease the suicide rates?
2. what is your feeling after reading the article?
3. What is suicide website and what do you think about it?

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confront(v)
origin: the only male in the group was killed after confronting Mr Shiraishi about the whereabouts of his girlfriend, Japanese media reported.
Definition: present somebody with something, usually to accuse or criticize.
My own sentence:
when you confront problems, you have to try your best to solve it.
confrontation(n): the act of hostile groups opposing each other
Synonyms: face, present

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stun(v)
Origin: .....admitted to killing nine people since late August in a case that has stunned Japan.
Definition: overcome as with astonishment or disbelief.
My own sentence:
He stunned everyone sitting in the classroom because he gets 100 in his exam while the average is 50.
stunned(adj): knocked unconscious by a heavy blow.
Synonyms: bedaze, daze

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allege(v.)
Origin: The move comes in response to an alleged serial murder case in which such sites were used.
Definition: report or maintain
My own sentence: With the clear evidence, he alleged that he is the murderer.
alleged(adj)
allegation(n):a formal accusation against somebody.
Synonyms: declare/ asseverate

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Japan suicide websites targeted after 'house of horrors'

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Japan's government says it wants to clamp down on websites where vulnerable people can share suicidal thoughts.

The move comes in response to an alleged serial murder case in which such sites were used.

In October, nine dismembered bodies were discovered in coolers and tool boxes in a so-called "house of horrors" in the suburbs of Tokyo.

Investigators found nine heads along with a large number of arm and leg bones.

Takahiro Shiraishi, 27, has admitted to killing nine people since late August in a case that has stunned Japan.

How did he find his victims?

Police say Mr Shiraishi came to know his victims through social media, where they had expressed suicidal thoughts.

It is alleged that he killed them after luring them to his apartment, saying he would help them take their own lives.

Mr Shiraishi's nine victims included three high school students - the youngest aged 15 - a female student, four women in their twenties and a 20-year-old man.

The only male in the group was killed after confronting Mr Shiraishi about the whereabouts of his girlfriend, Japanese media reported.

The discovery at his flat was made as police were looking into the disappearance of a young woman.

Police say she had gone on social media looking for somebody to take her life with.

What are suicide websites?

Suicide websites and social media groups can provide information to individuals who wish to kill themselves.

Such sites can promote and encourage others to take their own lives.

Toru Igawa, the head of a Tokyo-based suicide prevention centre, told the Japan Times that the internet can make things worse for young Japanese people.

He says that previously some people had baulked at killing themselves because they had not wanted to die alone - but suicide platforms and social media have changed that.

"It may now be easier to overcome that hurdle after finding online companions," he said.

A 2015 UK study found that 20% of young adults with a history of suicidal self-harm had visited sites containing information on how to kill or hurt oneself, compared with just three percent of young adults more broadly.

What can the Japanese government do?

A senior member of the government - the Chief Cabinet Secretary, Yoshihide Suga - has instructed ministers to step up measures against so-called "suicide websites" and social media.

"The use of Twitter - a social networking site that is difficult to keep an eye on - to exploit the cries for help by victims who wrote about committing suicide is despicable," he said.

"We will get to the bottom of this crime, and work towards preventing its re-occurrence."

Mr Suga has asked ministers to study the spread of suicide websites and to cooperate with web operators and the authorities.

He asked them to step up measures to delete or restrain problematic sites.

The Japanese authorities have sought to tackle the issue for a long time.

Since the first reported internet suicide pact in 2003, the government has taken action to try to cut the country's high suicide rate through counselling programmes and blocking websites that offer suicide tips.

How high are suicide rates in Japan?

According to World Health Organization statistics, 19.7 per 100,000 people took their own lives in 2015.

Those figures do not make Japan's the highest suicide rate in the world in a developed nation.

In South Korea, 28.3 per 100,000 people took their lives in 2015.

In the United Kingdom and United States, this figure was 8.5 and 14.3 per 100,000 people respectively.

Where to get help

If you are feeling emotionally distressed and would like details of organisations which offer advice and support in the UK, go to the BBC Action Line. If you are outside of the UK, consult a medical practioner.

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Japan's government says it wants to clamp down on websites where vulnerable people can share suicidal thoughts. The move comes in response to an alleged serial murder case in which such sites were used. In October, nine dismembered bodies were discovered in coolers and tool boxes in a so-called "house of horrors" in the suburbs of Tokyo.

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Sounds like a fascinating piece of architecture. Make sure to provide me with a link to the article.
I like the vocabulary you all chose!

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reignite (v.)
Original: ....development has been reignited development across the city as well as the debate about the historic tower’s future.
Definition: to catch fire or cause to catch fire again
ignite (v.)
ignitable (adj.)
ignitability (n.)
My own sentence: My spirit was ignited when there was a voice hovering in the football field: "go aggies"!
Synonym: burn, inflame, flare up

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anachronism (n.)
Original: The tower now stands as an anachronism in the midst of the more practical buildings that have sprung up around it.
Definition: Something or somebody is wrong in the historical period.
anachronistic (adj.)
anachronistically (adv.)
My own sentence: It is anachronistic to wear loose pants and colored-spots shirt in 21 century.
Synonym: misplacement

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1) I would like to stay in this capsule hotel because I have never lived in such a tiny space. I want to see how comfortable the room will be and whether the capsule hotel has a further development in the future.
2)  Capsule hotel is a new concept of housing design. With the development of medicine, the death rate decreases dramatically. The world becomes more and more crowded. Thus, the idea of capsule hotel is to make every one have their own living space.

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halt(v)
original:.....a plan which was halted by the 2008 stock market crash.
My own sentence: After the long walking, the army halt for a rest.
halt(n.):  an interruption or temporary suspension of progress or movement.
synonyms: block, stop

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demolish（v):

Original: It’s important can continue to stay there instead of going through the usual routine of being demolished for the sake of economic progress.

demolition (n)

Definition: destroy completely

My own sentence:A storm moved directly over the island, demolishing buildings and flooding streets.

Synonym: destroy

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envision (v)
original: Kurokawa envisioned this building as the dawn of a new age.
My own sentence: I just can't envision my future.
envisioning(n.):  visual imagery
synonyms: fancy, image

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capsule(adj.):

Original:Some capsule owners have moved out or converted their rooms into offices.

Definition: a small container

My own sentence:

you can also take red ginseng in convenient tablet or capsule form.

Synonym: container

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1)If there is a chance, I definitely will stay in one of futuristic cubes. When I first saw the picture of this unique architecture, I thought it should be a new modern design because it has a advanced appearance of structure. However, after reading the article, I was touched by its history and the process of construction. Besides, I appreciate how Japanese people design the room; even though the room is extremely small, they can fully used the room, providing all living facilities. So I want to visit this architecture.
2) In my opinion, capsule hotel will be loved and pursued by young people because of the unique and modern appearance. The room of hotel is not large, if it is popular in the world in the future, the price for one night will not be so expensive. It will become a good choice for young people who travel outside. So I think the business in hotel industry can expand this idea to build their future.

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Article 3: “Pictures Reveal Life Inside Tiny Futuristic Cubes”

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Article 3: “Pictures Reveal Life Inside Tiny Futuristic Cubes”

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Discipline: photography and human activity

Summery: Built in 1972, the Nakagin Capsule Tower was the benchmark of Japan’s post-war economic boom. Now the future about it is uncertain

Response:

In my perspective, these room are very cute. Actually when I went to Tokyo this spring, I had seen this hotel—It is very gorgeous with it unique design. And people travelled there could hardly book a room since it was too hot. So I think this hotel should be preserved. Anyway, if I go to Tokyo again, I wanna have a try in this hotel.

DQs:(1)Would you like to have a try to stay in this capsule hotel? Why?

(2)What do you think about this hotel?(like its style or tiny space?)

(3)Imagine what will be like if there is a similar hotel in USA？

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Editing by Yidi
estimate(v.)
Original: State fire officials estimated Monday the fires had burned 1500 homes......
My own sentence: To estimate the orbital of electron, we need to understand the structure of atom.
estimation(n.): an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth.
synonyms: approximate, gauge

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Article 1:”California Wildfires Kill 11, Burn 1,500 Buildings” by VOA News

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Article 1:”California Wildfires Kill 11, Burn 1,500 Buildings” by VOA News

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Editing by Yidi
Discipline: U.S. & THE AMERICAS
Summary: A natural disaster, wildfire, sweeps California. From the article, the state fire officials announced that the fires had burned 1,500 homes and businesses, while more than 100 people got injured. In order to avoid more damages, the government had evacuated 20,000 people and tried best to find out the cause of the fires.
Response: Life is the weakest thing in the world. I am so sorry that such disaster have happened. Hopefully, those missing victims are still fleeing the inferno and will be reunited with families. The natural disaster is inescapable and tragedy won’t be gone. But what we can do is to try best to help those who need help. Thus, no matter how tragedic it is, we all gonna make through it!
DQs: 1) Should government spend million dollars to help build new home for the victim?
Yes, it's government's responsibility to protect the citizens.
2) What factors do you think make wildfires?
The most of wildfires should be made by human activities because of their carelessness.
3) How can people avoid wildfires?
Calm down and Run away as fast as you can, and follow the instructions from the government.

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Editing by Yidi

declare(v.)
Original: California Governor Jerry Brown has declared a state of emergency in Napa, Sonoma....
My own sentence: Only president has the right to declare a war.
declaration(n.): a statement that is emphatic and explicit.
synonyms: announce, exclaim

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Editing by Kiri
emergency(n.)
Original:...has declared a state of emergency in Napa.
My own sentence: Under much pressure, he deals with emergencies promptly.
emergent(adj.)
Definition:a sudden unforeseen crisis (usually involving danger) that requires immediate action.
Synonyms:exigency, pinch

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Editing by Kiri
evacuate(v.)
Original:Twenty thousand people have been evacuated, including hundreds from area hospitals.
evaluation(n.)
Definition:making a judgment
My own sentence:They will first send in trained nurses to evaluate the needs of the individual situation.
Synonyms: assess, judge

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Editing by Janet
inhalation (n.):
Original: State fire officials estimated Monday the fires had burned 1,500 homes and businesses, while hospitals said more than 100 people had sought treatment, mostly for smoke inhalation.
inhalant (n.): a type of medicine in gaseous state using for treatment.
inhalator (n.): a breathing device
My own sentence: Her grandma is so weak that she has to take medicine by using inhalator.
Synonyms: intake, breathing in

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Editing by Janet
containment (n.):
Original: Wyatt said the fires were at "zero percent containment", noting that the "massive" perimeters of the fires .....
My own sentence: To protect his citizens, the mayor established a strict policy for containment of decease.
contain (v. ):
Definition: hold back, cut down
Synonyms: stop, defend

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California Wildfires Kill 11, Burn 1,500 Buildings

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In neighborhood after neighborhood, all that remains are the smoldering ashes and eye-stinging smoke from a day of utter devastation.

Newly homeless residents of California wine country awoke to shattered lives Tuesday, a day after wildfires killed at least 15 people and destroyed more than 2,000 homes and businesses. Hundreds more firefighters joined the battle against the blazes, which were still completely uncontained.

And authorities began to identify the dead, including a 100-year-old man and his 98-year-old wife who died in their burning home.

A thick, smoky haze cloaked much of Napa and Sonoma counties, where neighborhoods hit by the fires were leveled. In the Santa Rosa suburb known as Coffey Park, house after house was gone, with only brick chimneys still standing. The flames burned so hot that windows and tire rims melted off cars, leaving many parked vehicles sitting on their steel axles. The only recognizable remnants at many homes were charred washing machines and dryers.

Authorities hoped cooler weather and lighter winds would help crews get a handle on 17 separate fires, which are among the deadliest in California history.

"The weather has been working in our favor, but it doesn't mean it will stay that way," said Brad Alexander, a spokesman of the governor's Office of Emergency Services.
Extra help
The extra firefighters came from throughout California and Nevada. Extra law enforcement officers will help with evacuations and guard against looting, Alexander said.

At least 100 people have been injured and 100 were missing in Sonoma County alone, authorities said.

The fires that started Sunday night moved so quickly that thousands of people were forced to flee with only a few minutes of warning, and some did not get out in time. Among the victims were Charles and Sara Rippey, who were married for 75 years and lived at the Silverado Resort in Napa.

"The only thing worse would have been if one survived without the other," their granddaughter, Ruby Gibney, told Oakland television station KTVU.

More than 400 miles away, flames imperiled parts of Southern California, too. Thousands of people were displaced by a wildfire that destroyed or damaged 24 structures, including homes. Hot, dry Santa Ana winds swept fire along brushy outskirts of Orange County suburbs and equestrian properties southeast of Los Angeles. More than a dozen schools were closed.

The blaze, which disrupted major commuter routes, spread over nearly a dozen square miles in less than 24 hours as a squadron of helicopters and airplanes bombarded it with water and retardant, and an army of firefighters grew to 1,100 by Tuesday morning.

At the northern end of the state, residents who gathered at emergency shelters and grocery stores said they were shocked by the speed and ferocity of the flames. They recalled all the possessions that were lost.

"All that good stuff, I'm never going to see it again," said Jeff Okrepkie, who fled his neighborhood in Santa Rosa knowing it was probably the last time he would see his home of the past five years standing.

His worst fears were confirmed Monday, when a friend sent him a photo of what was left: a smoldering heap of burnt metal and debris.

Some of the largest blazes burning over a 200-mile region were in Napa and Sonoma counties, home to dozens of wineries that attract tourists from around the world. They sent smoke as far south as San Francisco, about 60 miles (96 kilometers) away.
Hot line set up
Sonoma County established a hot line to help families looking for missing loved ones. It's possible that many or most of the people reported missing are safe but simply cannot be reached because of the widespread loss of cellphone service and other communications.

Much of the damage was in Santa Rosa, a far larger and more developed city than usually finds itself at the mercy of a wildfire. The city is home to 175,000 people, including both the wine country wealthy and the working class.

Former San Francisco Giants pitcher Noah Lowry, who now runs an outdoor sporting goods store in Santa Rosa, was forced to flee with his wife, two daughters and a son just over 2 weeks old.

"I can't shake hearing people scream in terror as the flames barreled down on us," Lowry said.

His family and another evacuating with them tried to take U.S. 101 to evacuate but found it blocked by flames, and had to take country roads to get to the family friends who took them in.

Driving around the area remained difficult Tuesday, with many road closures and intense traffic on roads that remained open.

Highway 12, which winds through the heart of wine country, was rendered unusable by the flames.

The flames forced authorities to focus primarily on getting people out safely, even if it meant abandoning structures to the fire.

October has generally been the most destructive time of year for California wildfires. But it was unusual for many fires to take off at the same time.

Other than the windy conditions that helped drive them all, there was no known connection between the blazes, and no cause has been released for any of them.

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голос америки

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Wildfires Devastate California Wine Country; Death Toll at 15

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In neighborhood after neighborhood, all that remains are the smoldering ashes and eye-stinging smoke from a day of utter devastation. Newly homeless residents of California wine country awoke to shattered lives Tuesday, a day after wildfires killed at least 15 people and destroyed more than 2,000 homes and businesses.