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All chapters have something to do with working and moving. Chapter 7 talks about energy. Chapter 8 talks about work and power. Chapter 9 talks about simple machines.

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-Chapter 7 is about energy.
-Energy- describes the ability of things to change themselves or to cause change in other things.
-Energy is measured in Joules.
-Joule (J)- a unit of energy. One joule

is enough energy to push with a force of 1 newton for a distance of 1 meter.
-There are many types of energy.
-Some types of energy include Mechanical energy, Chemical energy, Nuclear energy, Radiant energy, Potential energy and Kinetic energy.
-Energy cannot be destroyed or created, only transformed.
-Law of Conservation of Energy-

Energy can never be created or

destroyed, only transformed into

another form. The total amount of

energy in the universe is constant.

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Formulas of Energy:
-1 joule = 1 kg-m/s "2"
-Potential: E = mgh
-Kinetic: E = 1/2 mv "2"

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Lightning is an electrical energy

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-Chapter 8 is about work and power.
-Work- a form of energy that comes

from force applied over distance. A

force of 1 newton does 1 joule of work when the force causes 1 meter of motion in the direction of the force.

-Energy is required to do work.
-Work done against gravity is equal to weight x change in height.
-Work Input- the work that is done

on an object.

-Work Output- the work that an

object does as a result of work input.
-The energy output of a process or machine can never exceed the energy input.
-Power- the rate of doing work or

moving energy. Power is equal to

energy (or work) divided by time.

-Watt (W)- a unit of power equal to

1 joule per second.

Horsepower (hp)- a unit of power

equal to 746 watts.

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Formulas of Work and Power:
-Work = Fd
-Power = w/t

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Power = Work/Time

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-Chapter 9 is about Simple Machines
-Machine- a device with moving

parts that work together to

accomplish a task.

-Input- forces, energy, or power

supplied to make a machine

accomplish a task.

-Output- forces, energy, or power

provided by the machine.
-Simple Machine- an unpowered

mechanical device that accomplishes a task with only one movement.

-Lever- a stiff structure that rotates

around a fixed point called a fulcrum.

-Gear- a rotating wheel with teeth that transfers motion and forces to other gears or objects.
-Machines do work.
-Machines have efficiency and power.
-Mechanical Advantage- the

ratio of output force divided by input force.
-Gear Ratio- the ratio of output turns to input turns for a pair of gears.

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Formulas of Machines:
-Gear: To/Ti = Ni/No

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There are 6 types of simple machines.