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King Joao VI of Portugal.
Gregorius, Albert, D. João VI, 19th century, Ajuda Nacional Palace, RJ, Brazil

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Dom Pedro II son of Dom Pedro I and second emperor of Brazil.
Bibiano, Pedro de Alcântara João Carlos Leopoldo Salvador, O Imperador Carioca - Dom Pedro II, 1858, Museu Imperial, RJ, Brazil.

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Dom Pedro I composing Brazil's national anthem.
Bracet, Augusto, Primeiros Sons do Hino Nacional, 1881-1960, Museu Histórico Nacional, RJ Brazil.

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Dom Pedro I proclaiming independence.
Calixto, Benedito, Proclamação da República, 1893, Pinacoteca Municipal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

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The flag of Brazil at the time of its independence.
Based on work of Debret, Jean-Baptiste, Kingdom of Brazil Flag, 19th century.

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1808 to 1821- Portuguese royalty relocate to Brazil  and reign over both territories from Rio de Janeiro.
1821- King Joao VI leaves Brazil and goes back to Portugal.
7th of September, 1822- Brazil gains independence from Portugal.
1823 to 1831- period of time that Dom Pedro I rules over Brazil.
1831- Dom Pedro I abdicated from his position as Emperor in Brazil.
1831 to 1840- a group of regents rules over Brazil while Dom Pedro II is a child.
1840  to 1891- period of time that Dom Pedro II rules over Brazil.
1888- abolishment of slavery in Brazil.
1890- Brazil becomes a republic.

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Dom Pedro I son of King Joao VI of Portugal and first emperor of Brazil.
de Sá, Simplício Rodrigues, D. Pedro I, 1829, Museu Imperial, RJ Brazil.

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The Museum of Independence (Museu da Independencia) in Sao Paulo, Brazil. There is a monument on the grounds that is exactly where the declaration of independence was signed and Dom Pedro declared Brazil's independence.
Karlos, Vôo Panorâmico - São Paulo, 2011, SP, Brazil.

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Museu da Independencia or Museu do Ipiranga in Sao Paulo Brazil
Kamykovas, Museu do Ipiranga, 2012, SP, Brazil.

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Dom Pedro signing the declaration of independence.
Debret, Jean-Baptiste, Coroação de D. Pedro I, 1828, Church of Nossa Senhora da Lapa, Porto, Portugal

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Dom Pedro I proclaiming Brazil's independence.
Moreau, François-René, A Proclamacao da Independencia, 1844, Museu Imperial, RJ, Brazil.

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"Independencia ou Morte" by Pedro Americo. The famous painting of Dom Pedro I holding his sword up declaring Brazil's independence from Portugal.
Americo, Pedro, Independência ou Morte, 1888, Museu do Ipiranga, SP, Brazil.

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TO WHAT EXTENT IS THE BRAZILIAN REVOLUTION SIMILAR TO THE FRENCH REVOLUTION?

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TO WHAT EXTENT IS THE BRAZILIAN REVOLUTION SIMILAR TO THE FRENCH REVOLUTION?

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Although the French Revolution can be said to have greatly inspired and impacted the Brazilian Revolution, they are not very similar except for their initial goals. At first, both revolutions sought economic change, representation and government reorganization. However, France was already an independent country while Brazil was still a Portuguese colony. Therefore, the events and outcomes of both were going to be different.

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Even though the two situations were quite different, in a way, the French Revolution did have a huge effect on the Brazilian independence. If Napoleon had not invaded Portugal, King Joao VI would not have fled to Brazil . So while the Brazilian revolution was not very similar, the French Revolution can be said to have played a role in the independence of Brazil. When Napoleon tried to invade Portugal King Joao VI and royalty fled and settled in Brazil, transforming it into an *empire*. When the war with France ended in 18xx King Joao VI left Brazil to go back to Portugal. He left his son, Dom Pedro, as regent and took away the rights the Brazilian people had gained after the arrival of the King. Unlike the French Revolution which was led by the people, Brazil's revolution towards independence was led by the upper class and Dom Pedro himself. Also the thinkers who inspired the independence movement were people who the Portuguese government sent to study in France. However, France at the time was filled with post-revolution thoughts. Therefore the thinkers were given liberal and anti-colonialist ideas which they took to Brazil.

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Due to the fact that Portugal was in no condition to fight back, King Joao VI gave Brazil its independence in 1822. So, in the end, Dom Pedro I had managed to form an nation independent from Portugal. A year after Brazil became an independent nation, Dom Pedro was crowned Emperor.
After the revolutions, France and Brazil had different outcomes. In France, Napoleon went on to conquer other territory and rule in a military-style with problems within the nation.
After ruling in Brazil from 1823 to 1831, Dom Pedro I abdicated to become King in Portugal because his father Joao VI had died. He then left his son, Dom Pedro II, in the throne.
Dom Pedro II reigned over an independent Brazil from 1840 until his death in 1891. He was one of the most popular monarchs of his time because he increased national production, emancipated Brazilian slaves in 1888, and boosted the economy. In 1889, a military revolt happened and a constitution was drafted. This made Brazil a federal republic in 1890.

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When Brazilians began to revolt, independence was not their main goal. They were simply fighting to have the same rights as they previously had when the royal family was living in Brazil. All the outbursts and uprisings happening were in favor of bringing change. After some time of revolting for change, independence was brought up. Thinkers who had been sent to study in France prompted the upper class and Dom Pedro to seek independence from Portugal.

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BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON WHAT HAD PREVIOUSLY BEEN GOING ON IN BRAZIL

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BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON WHAT HAD PREVIOUSLY BEEN GOING ON IN BRAZIL

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Backtracking a bit, King Joao VI had sent all of Portugal’s royalty and nobles to Brazil in order to escape from Napoleon who was trying to invade Portugal. When these people arrived in Brazil they brought Portugal’s seat of government with hem. Everything Portugal had Brazil now had as well. This meant that Brazil was now a part of Portugal's international trade, economy, and national affairs. So when the King returned to Portugal, he took away all of that.

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During the time that the Brazilian people were fighting for independence, there was much less violence than during the French Revolution. In every revolution though, there are people who do not want change. In this situation, most of these people were Portuguese nobles who were not affected by Joao VI's departure. There was not one specific radical attempt or group, but people, like the nobles, who did not support the change. However these nobles did nothing comparable to the Terror. In fact, these people did hardly anything at all to stop the change. The lack of violence was also due to the fact that Portugal was in no condition to fight because Portugal had just come out of war with France. So they did not want to fight the Brazilians.