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Newspaper is centered on audience's ability to use reason to interpret. To understand the events of articles individuals must be competent and willing to spend time interpreting information. The fact that this medium is one-dimensional, limits its effectiveness to the emotions that the diction and syntax of writers creates within readers. However, in the case of the Boston marathon bombing, the goal of readers was to be informed of the plot of the event efficiently. As evident in the examples provided of newspaper headlines, the story of the Boston bombing was published on the front page of newspapers from Los Angeles to New York. These newspapers provide easy access to staying up to date regarding national events for a vast majority of individuals on the street. The purpose of the front page picture of the newspapers is to get the attention of citizens on the street. Once the focus of citizens is captured the article does the rest of the work. Such a concept was developed by newspaper organizations whose goal is to reach as many audience members as it can. Croteau states, “A newspaper, for example, is produced by a particular news organization and is sold to a large group of readers. There is one sender, the news organization, and there are many receivers, all of the readers” (Croteau 297). Society as a whole is affected by the technological development of newspapers through its expansion of the one-to-many principle that is prevalent in the entertainment business. Society is growing accustomed to relying on newspaper outlets for their daily briefing of events ranging from the Boston bombing to local news.

The individual experience of broadcast media is unique in its ability to incorporate almost every element which aids the human experience of events. Television programs provide sound, visual, and audio elements for viewers to best understand the events which took place in Boston. Through its long-term preparation, the HBO documentary provides individuals with information regarding how the bombing took place in addition to live footage of the bombing, stories from survivors and reports immediate rescuers. The Boston bombing documentary was the closest form of medium which made viewers feel as though they experienced the event in reality through its thorough incorporation of sensory elements. The experience of individuals is different with television as it is shared with others. Families are often united by television as it has grown to become a part of our lifestyles. Croteau writes, “The television industry also tried to reshape family routines to be compatible with television viewing. As Spigel (1992) put it, ‘Not merely content to fit its programming into the viewer’s rhythms of reception, the network aggressively sought to change those rhythms by making the activity of television viewing into a new daily habit'” (Croteau 305). Society was affected as a whole through the HBO documentary about the Boston marathon bombing through its new pattern of continuing conversation of tragic events. Instead of growing accustomed to the attacks of terror, audience members are choosing to remember the severity of the day and relying more on the aftermath provided by such HBO documentaries.

Although an aspect of film medium is incorporated in both newspaper and television, the overall story that is told by photographs alone is entirely different. The experience of a photographic summary of the events which took place in Boston places emphasis on the details of every corner of the marathon route. Croteau states “Media technologies are structural constraints. Like all structures, they have been developed by humans and, subsequently, both enable and limit human action” (Croteau 295). An example of how photographs enable human action is how audiences notice the concentration of blood in the first picture where the drops of blood are visible and clearly widespread. This finding goes beyond our human capabilities as we are not able to capture and store such detailed images within our memories. In the first picture, patriotic retail items are scattered on the ground as the color red from the American flag matched the blood across the tiles. The pain and fear caused within the hearts of victims is apparent in the first picture as the man holds on tightly to another individual on the ground. Society as a whole is affected by these photographs as it places new labels on events. The chaos captured by the second picture creates a negative connotation of danger within society regarding large events such as marathons. Now, vivid pictures of such tragic events are called to the center of society whenever similar future large gatherings arise.

“New Media” is the most complex form of technological medium which also most recently developed. Croteau states, “In addition, those watching the streamed concert online could communicate with other music fans through instant messaging or tweets, introducing a form of interactivity that is not possible with radio, magazine, television, or DVD versions of the concert” (295). The twitter timeline represents the new scrolling experience of audiences as a means of being informed of details of the Boston marathon bombing. The individual experience is impacted as the source of every tweet can be an ordinary person which strengthens but also questions its authenticity. Twitter allowed the stories and emotions of the Boston marathon bombing to be shared with thousands of users. Instead of being limited to either text or visual elements, Twitter combined aspects of each medium and created a new field of exploration where individuals could search for trending topics and find popular tweets regarding the Boston bombing to inform themselves. Society as a whole is greatly impacted by social media platforms such as Twitter through its opportunity to unify all its members. Twitter feeds at the time of the Boston bombing connected users in support for victims and in need for facts through the sharing of article links. Society is no longer driven by popular figures but is now driven by growing groups of users who choose which topics go trending. At the time of the bombing, the amount of twitter users was high which allowed for a larger percentage of society to contribute towards movements of progression by sharing the spotlight with everyone.

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https://www.huffingtonpost.com/craig-kanalley/boston-marathon-bombing-timeline_b_3125721.html

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Lastly, “new media” is another significant technological development as its impact not only best informed members of younger generations but was also a form of medium which provided the most support for victims. “New media” allows 2-way communication between the general public and victims which paved the way for victims to share their story and receive support. Within hours, the bombing was a trending topic on the social media platform known as Twitter. Such platforms of “new media” allowed members of all generations the opportunity to be informed of facts of the bombing, raw video evidence of it and 2-way communication with victims for further questions or support. User’s feeds dominated by the events of the Boston bombing are evident through the timeline presented by a blog. This blog contains feeds of the exact time of the bombing which were viewed by thousands of users.

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http://a.abcnews.com/images/US/ap_boston_marathon_overview_kb_130416_17x10_1600.jpg

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https://cbsnews2.cbsistatic.com/hub/i/r/2013/04/15/fc02c965-c410-11e2-a43e-02911869d855/resize/620x465/5b616598700dfd26d980de0e971cb2e7/Boaston_Marathon_Victim__166666323.jpg

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I chose the third most important form of technological developments that cover the Boston bombing to be photographs. Pictures captured by photographers on the day of the Boston bombing capture the raw emotion of victims. Such raw emotion is not staged, edited or replicated by others. Photographs are one of the most significant forms of medium because they reinforce the severity of the events of the bombing. Photographs capture details of beauty or horror which our eyes are incapable of doing. In this case, the cameras of photographers captured a cruel side of humanity on the day of the Boston Marathon bombing.

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https://www.hbo.com/documentaries/marathon-the-patriots-day-bombing

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Motion picture/broadcast media is another required medium of this project but I have chosen that television is the best form within the category to inform audiences of the events that took place in Boston. Television is an outlet that reaches the vast majority of America. Audience members who are viewers of television view several previews of debuting shows. These audiences, specifically viewers of documentaries such as those provided by HBO, receive the best informed recollection of events that took place the day of the bombing. This is the best medium of the category because television documentaries are are more likely to attract a greater amount of viewers within the broad category of motion picture/broadcast media as individuals frequently scroll through their T.V. guides which allows them to see the titles and descriptions of each program being aired, a feature that is unique to television. HBO partnered with National Geographic to produce a documentary that recounted the events which took place in Boston at the time of the bombing.

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http://www.totalprosports.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/cover-of-la-times-boston-marathon-bombing.jpg

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https://pbs.twimg.com/media/CgKFmpfWQAA5pbh.jpg

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http://img.thedailybeast.com/image/upload/v1492786480/galleries/2013/04/16/front-pages-following-boston-marathon-bombing/front-page-04_qqvwqu.jpg

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http://www.trbimg.com/img-516d7b8e/turbine/la-na-boston-marathon-bombings-newspaper-front-pages-pictureshttp://www.trbimg.com/img-516d7b8e/turbine/la-na-boston-marathon-bombings-newspaper-front-pages-pictures

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Although print media is one of the required technological developments, it is the medium that influences audiences deeply. Newspapers are the best forms of print medium which have informed individuals of the events that took place in Boston. Although novels about the Boston bombing have grown in popularity, not every American chooses to spend an adequate amount of time reading from the side of a survivor. News outlets anticipate the quick briefing mindset of individuals which is why newspapers include the most accurate information as it has been thoroughly searched before being printed and is written by individuals whose profession is informing audiences of similar events. Newspapers are widely popular across the nation but dominate the older generations as most adults have a preference of receiving materials as hard copies. The event of the bombing took the front page of more than several newspapers across the nation which captures the eyes of citizens in the streets thus making it one of the most available forms of media to individuals on the go.