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As the delivery of healthcare evolves to become more interconnected, coordinating care between nurses, pharmacists, physicians, social workers and other disciplines has become increasingly important. In its simplest form, interprofessional collaboration is the practice of approaching patient care from a team-based perspective.

According to the World Health Organization, by implementing interprofessional collaboration and learning to work together and respecting one another's perspectives in healthcare, multiple disciplines can work more effectively as a team to help improve patient outcomes. "Healthcare is dependent on many different disciplines working together to address patient needs," said Heidi Sanborn, RN, MSN, CCRN, a clinical assistant professor at the Arizona State University College of Nursing and Healthcare Innovation in Phoenix, Ariz.

"There is a significant amount of research to show that patient outcomes, quality of care and cost of care delivery are all optimized when disciplines work together toward a shared goal that focuses on the patient."

According to Sanborn, historically, interprofessionalism was not a part of the traditional health science education system. Each discipline went to school for their specific specialty - i.e., nursing school, medical school, pharmacy school - and was immersed in a solitary perspective. However, Sanborn notes that when healthcare providers can identify themselves as an integral part of a larger healthcare team, rather than just learning their discipline-specific role, patients can receive the best care - the ultimate goal of each specialty, explained Sanborn.

"When we refocus our work through a lens of interprofessionalism, we can help reduce inefficiencies in patient care," said Sanborn. "This means that assessments and treatments are done together, and the focus is on the patient as a whole rather than a specific diagnosis or treatment."

Additionally, Sanborn noted how important it is for nurses to play a role in the healthcare team in order to offer their unique and vital perspective.

"Nursing has long been the champion profession of viewing the patient as a whole," said Sanborn. "We as nurses excel at seeing our patients within the context of their environment, whether that means family, community or other social identity. And we incorporate that view into our care plans through nursing diagnoses and the nursing process."

The national conversation about the need for interprofessional collaboration began when the Institute of Medicine first discussed the merits of team-based care and interprofessional education in 1972. Additionally, on a national level, the passage of the Recovery and Reinvestment Act in 2009 and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 emphasized the importance of interprofessional practice within the primary care environment. Fast forward to 2015, and most nurses and nursing students now experience interprofessional teamwork in their clinical settings. Sanborn noted that one of the most recognizable examples of modern-day interprofessionalism is "multidisciplinary rounds," when an interprofessional team meets to discuss and develop patient care together.

"The most patient-centered, successful efforts in healthcare that we have seen so far occur in organizations that model interprofessional teamwork from the bedside right into the boardroom," said Sanborn. For nurses who would like to implement or increase interprofessionalism in their practice, Sanborn advises to simply start by embracing the nurse identity as part of a patient's team. When caring for a patient, make an effort to talk to the other disciplines involved in their care. "Share your assessments, and ask about theirs," said Sanborn.

"This process will help identify common goals and pave the way for collaborative efforts to reach these goals. Many hospital committees now involve multiple disciplines, and nurses can join these committees. The best way to learn more, and champion a change, is to become involved." For more information about the importance of fostering interprofessional collaboration, read the Campaign for Action's statement at campaignforaction.org .

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The Importance of Interprofessional Collaboration in Healthcare

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As the delivery of healthcare evolves to become more interconnected, coordinating care between nurses, pharmacists, physicians, social workers and other disciplines has become increasingly important. In its simplest form, interprofessional collaboration is the practice of approaching patient care from a team-based perspective.

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See all the wonderful things Leanna Swilley has made

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Video 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ihvHoVxiL5M
Video 2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GoZH9FG1fG4
Image  1: http://myriverside.sd43.bc.ca/loganw2015/files/2016/04/interconnectedness-2248t5f.png
Image 2: http://www.digitalistmag.com/lob/human-resources/2014/10/23/why-our-complex-world-needs-connective-leadership-01597261
Image 3:  https://teambuildingspirit.be/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Team-Management-Quotes-Tom-Peters.jpg
Image 4: https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Florence_Nightingale#/media/File:Florence_Nightingale_CDV_by_H_Lenthall.jpg
Image 5: http://www.reviewsbythebanks.com/2016/05/14/connective-leader-leadership-review/
Image 6: http://bhagavadras.blogspot.com/2016/07/intensity-and-authenticity.html
Image 7: https://www.rn.com/nursing-news/importance-of-interprofessional-collaboration/
Lipman-Blumen, J. (2017). Connective Leadership in an interdependent and diverse world. Roeper Review, 39(3), 170-173.
Lipman-Blumen, J. (2013). Connective leadership: Our last, great leadership hope. The New York Times in Leadership. https://www.connectiveleadership.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/The-New-York-Times-In-Leadership-%C2%BB-Leading-Thoughts.pdf
Wolf, Z. R., Turkel, M. C., & Smith, M. C. (2013). Caring in nursing classics : An essential resource. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company.
The Importance of Interprofessional Collaboration in Healthcare. (n.d.). Retrieved November 26, 2017, from https://www.discovernursing.com/nursing-notes/importance-interprofessional-collaboration-healthcare#.WhozCxPyuqA

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Two imperatives of Connective Leadership

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Two imperatives of Connective Leadership

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1. Authenticity: Consistent dedication to the group’s goals and welfare, rather than to the leader’s.

2. Accountability: Calls for transparency,
explanations and truth telling.

(Lipman-Blumen, 2013)

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Connective leaders enable individuals and groups with diverse backgrounds, talents, and agendas to live and work together productively, creatively, and harmoniously for their mutual benefit (Lipman-Blumen, 2017).

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Heidi Sanborn, RN, MSN, CCRN, a clinical assistant professor at the Arizona State University College of Nursing and Healthcare Innovation in Phoenix, AZ stated that "when healthcare providers can identify themselves as an integral part of a larger healthcare team, rather than just learning their discipline-specific role, patients can receive the best care – the ultimate goal of each specialty" (The Importance of Interprofessional Collaboration (n.d.).

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Nightingale’s writings  center in caring.  Her  references  to  the  importance of sensitivity  to the patients experience,  tender attendance to the needs of the suffering  patient, and to nursing as  a  spiritual practice indicates the fundamental connection between nursing and caring (Wolf, Turkel & Smith, 2013).

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Dr. Lipman-Blumen's explanation on the three Achieving Styles

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Высшая школа лидерства СПбХУ

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Jean Lipman-Blumen: Connective Leadership and Behavioral Strategies

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Connective Leadership offers an important perspective for bringing together diverse, even conflicting, groups that exist in an interdependent environment. Achieving Styles are the nine underlying behavioral strategies that individuals characteristically call upon to achieve their goals. The Connective Leadership/Achieving Styles Model includes three sets of Achieving Styles: Direct, Instrumental, and Relational.

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                     Connective Leadership Theory

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                     Connective Leadership Theory

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Caring and interconnectedness are the core elements of this leadership style.  Collaboration and teamwork are promoted and connection with others (individuals, teams/groups, organizations) leads to exceptional success.

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Jean Lipman-Blumen, Ph.D., cofounded and currently directs the Connective Leadership Institute in Pasadena, California.

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Высшая школа лидерства СПбХУ

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Jean Lipman-Blumen: Connective Leadership Model

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The Connective Leadership Model represents a leadership model designed for the current Connective Era, an era marked by the tensions between interdependence and diversity. The Connective Era calls for new leadership strategies to enable individuals and groups with diverse -- and potentially conflicting - backgrounds, talents, and agendas to live and work together productively, creatively, and harmoniously for their mutual benefit.

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Connective leaders need the capacity to access the nine-factor palette of behaviors for achieving their goals. "Achieving Styles are those learned, characteristic behaviors that we all call upon repeatedly to achieve our goals" (Lipman-Blumen, 2017)

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      Leadership and management strengths

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      Leadership and management strengths

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Insight and skills to help diverse individuals and groups join together

Encouraging

Plant and nourish the seeds of understanding