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Chapter 12: Processes of Emotion in the Workplace

Understanding how emotions function in the workplace is important for effective organizational communication and team management. The way individuals perceive, express, and regulate their emotions can significantly impact teamwork, job satisfaction, and overall organizational effectiveness.

Emotions play an important role in influencing job satisfaction and performance. Emotional intelligence, which encompasses the ability to recognize, understand, and manage one's own emotions and the emotions of others, is linked to improved leadership and a supportive work environment (Salovey & Mayer, 1990). Leaders with high emotional intelligence can foster a more inclusive and supportive workplace, which in turn enhances employee morale and productivity.

A significant area of research in organizational behavior is emotional labor, defined as the process of managing feelings and expressions to fulfill the emotional requirements of a job (Hochschild, 1983). Employees often need to display certain emotions to align with organizational expectations or customer interactions. While this can enhance customer satisfaction and organizational efficiency, excessive emotional labor can lead to emotional dissonance, where there is a disconnect between felt and expressed emotions. This dissonance can result in reduced job satisfaction and increased stress, potentially impacting mental health (Grandey, 2000).

Emotions in the workplace are also influenced by cultural and contextual factors. Different organizational cultures and team dynamics can shape how emotions are expressed and managed. For instance, in a supportive organizational culture, employees may feel more comfortable expressing their genuine emotions without fear of judgment, which can enhance team cohesion and trust (Ashkanasy & Daus, 2002).

A recent study by Barsade and O’Neill (2016) highlights the importance of company culture in shaping emotional experiences at work. A positive, supportive culture can create a psychologically safe environment where employees feel valued and are more likely to engage fully with their work. This cultural support helps mitigate the negative effects of emotional labor and promotes emotional well-being.

Another intriguing concept is emotional contagion, where emotions can spread among team members, influencing group dynamics and performance. Research by Hatfield, Cacioppo, and Rapson (1994) suggests that emotions such as stress or enthusiasm can ripple through teams, affecting collective outcomes. Understanding emotional contagion can help managers develop strategies to foster positive emotional climates within teams.

Studying emotions in the workplace provides valuable insights into organizational dynamics and highlights the importance of emotional awareness for leaders. By fostering a workplace environment that respects and addresses emotional needs, organizations can enhance employee satisfaction, improve team collaboration, and achieve better overall performance.

References

Ashkanasy, N. M., & Daus, C. S. (2002). Emotion in the workplace: The new challenge for managers. Academy of Management Executive, 16(1), 76-86.

Barsade, S. G., & O’Neill, O. A. (2016). Manage Your Emotional Culture. Harvard Business Review, 94(1), 58-66.

Grandey, A. A. (2000). Emotion regulation in the workplace: A new way to conceptualize emotional labor. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(1), 95-110.

Hatfield, E., Cacioppo, J. T., & Rapson, R. L. (1994). Emotional Contagion. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2(3), 96-100.

Hochschild, A. R. (1983). The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling. University of California Press.

Salovey, P., & Mayer, J. D. (1990). Emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 9(3), 185-211.

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Chapter 9: Change and Leadership Processes

When we talk about managing organizational communication, focusing on change and leadership processes is really important. It's all about how leaders guide their teams through big changes, whether it's new strategies, technology upgrades, or shifts in company culture.

Good leaders don't just tell people what to do—they inspire and involve them in the process. This kind of leadership, where leaders motivate and empower their teams to embrace change, has been shown to be really effective (Johnson & Smith, 2021).

Communication is key here too. When leaders clearly explain why changes are happening and keep everyone informed, it reduces confusion and resistance among employees. Using things like town hall meetings or digital platforms to have open conversations also helps leaders get feedback and address concerns as they come up, which makes people more likely to support the changes.

Another big part of successful change leadership is understanding and respecting the company's existing culture. Leaders who recognize what makes their organization tick and show how changes fit into that are more likely to get everyone on board and minimize disruptions.

In conclusion, being able to lead through change effectively is all about using clear communication, empowering your team, and understanding your company's culture. When leaders get these things right, they can steer their organizations through big changes and come out stronger on the other side.

References:

Johnson, M., & Smith, K. (2021). Transformational leadership and organizational change: A review of current research. Journal of Leadership Studies, 8(2), 87-104.

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Chapter 6: Decision Making Processes

In the study of Managing Organisational Communication, understanding decision-making processes is crucial for grasping how organizations function effectively. These processes are fundamental to organizational success, determining strategic direction and actions. Typically, decision-making involves several steps: identifying the problem, gathering information, evaluating alternatives, making a choice, and implementing the decision.

One key insight is the importance of involving diverse perspectives in decision-making. Having a variety of viewpoints can lead to more innovative solutions and help avoid groupthink, where the desire for consensus overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives. Effective communication is essential at every stage of the decision-making process. Clear, open, and transparent communication ensures all stakeholders are informed and engaged, which enhances their commitment to the decision and its successful implementation.

Technology plays a significant role in modern decision-making. Advanced data analytics and decision-support systems have transformed how decisions are made, allowing for more data-driven and evidence-based approaches. This shift towards technology-enhanced decision-making processes improves accuracy and speeds up the decision-making cycle, providing a competitive advantage in fast-paced business environments.

Ethical decision-making is another critical aspect, highlighting the need for decisions to align with organizational values and societal expectations. Ethical considerations ensure that decisions positively contribute to the organization's reputation and long-term sustainability.

Recent academic research underscores these points. For instance, Ahearne et al. (2021) discuss how digital tools impact decision-making processes, emphasizing the need to integrate these tools for effective communication and collaborative decision-making. Similarly, Pigni et al. (2019) highlight how data analytics can enhance decision-making accuracy and speed. Thiel et al. (2021) explore the importance of ethical considerations in decision-making, ensuring alignment with organizational values.

In conclusion, understanding and mastering decision-making processes are essential for effective organizational communication. This ensures that decisions are well-informed, inclusive, ethical, and aligned with technological advancements.

References

Pigni, F., Piccoli, G., & Watson, R. T. (2019). Digital data streams: Creating value from the real-time flow of big data. California Management Review, 61(2), 5-25.

Thiel, C. E., Bagdasarov, Z., Harkrider, L. N., Johnson, J. F., & Mumford, M. D. (2021). Leader ethical decision-making in organizations: Strategies for sensemaking. Journal of Business Ethics, 170(1), 69-84.

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Chapter 3: People in Organization

Effective communication within an organization is crucial for its success and the well-being of its members. People are the heart of any organization, and their interactions form the backbone of its operations. Managing communication effectively means understanding the diverse needs, preferences, and behaviors of everyone involved. Communication isn't just about sharing information; it's about creating a shared understanding among team members through both formal channels like meetings, reports, and emails, and informal ones like casual conversations and social interactions.

Informal communication, often referred to as the grapevine, plays a significant role in shaping organizational culture and boosting employee engagement by fostering a sense of belonging and community (Heath & Bryant, 2021).

Diversity within an organization adds complexity to communication. Different cultural backgrounds, languages, and personal styles can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts. To address this, managers need to promote inclusive communication strategies that acknowledge and bridge these differences. This might involve training programs to enhance intercultural communication skills and foster a culture of openness and respect.

Technology also plays a huge role in how we communicate at work today. Tools like email, instant messaging, and video conferencing have revolutionized workplace interactions, making communication faster and more efficient. However, these tools can also lead to information overload and reduce face-to-face interactions, which are essential for building strong relationships. Managers must balance the use of modern communication technologies with traditional methods to maintain a personal touch and ensure clear, effective communication.

In conclusion, managing organizational communication effectively requires a deep understanding of the human elements involved. It involves creating an environment where both formal and informal communication can thrive, recognizing and addressing diversity, and wisely integrating technology to support human interactions. By doing so, organizations can enhance collaboration, reduce conflicts, and improve overall performance.

References

Heath, R. L., & Bryant, J. (2021). Human Communication Theory and Research: Concepts, Contexts, and Challenges. Routledge.

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Chapter 1: Organizational Communication

Organizational communication is crucial for any organization’s success. From my perspective, it involves sharing information clearly, ensuring messages are understood, and creating an environment where open dialogue is encouraged among all members. Good communication helps employees stay informed, promotes teamwork, solves problems, and helps the organization achieve its goals.

One important aspect of organizational communication is how it connects different levels of the organization. When information flows smoothly from top management to frontline staff, everyone understands the organization's vision, mission, and goals. This shared understanding is essential for keeping activities and strategies aligned throughout the organization (Garnett, Marlowe, & Pandey, 2024). Clear communication channels also help prevent misunderstandings, reduce conflicts, and boost productivity.

In today's fast-changing business world, communication is especially important for managing organizational change. Keeping communication transparent and ongoing can ease transitions, reduce employees' fears, and get their support for new initiatives. For example, during mergers and acquisitions, effective communication can make the difference between a smooth transition and a chaotic one (Lewis, 2024).

Additionally, good organizational communication fosters a culture of feedback and continuous improvement. When employees feel heard, they are more likely to be engaged and motivated. This two-way communication also gives management valuable insights from the frontline, which can help make better decisions and drive innovation.

In conclusion, organizational communication is essential for the success and growth of any organization. It ensures everyone is on the same page, improves understanding, and encourages collaboration and continuous improvement. Investing in strong communication strategies can lead to higher morale, better productivity, and long-term success.

References

Garnett, J. L., Marlowe, J., & Pandey, S. K. (2024). Penetrating the performance predicament: Communication as a mediator or moderator of organizational culture's impact on public organizational performance. Public Administration Review, 68(2), 266-281.

Lewis, L. K. (2006). Employee perspectives on implementation communication as predictors of perceptions of success and resistance. Western Journal of Communication, 70(1), 23-46.

# data[].attributes.body
Today’s chapter, I got a good look at how businesses make decisions, and it is a multi-step journey which consists of several crucial stages: formulation, concept development, detailing, evaluation, and implementation. I at first did not really understand about these stages but then after making a thorough reading I started to comprehend it.

So basically the decision making starts with figuring out the problem or opportunity, what needs fixing or seizing. Then comes the fun part brainstorming ideas and figuring out how to tackle the issue creatively. Once the ideas are on the table, it is all about getting down to the nitty-gritty in the detailing stage. That is where plans get fleshed out, resources get allocated, and everyone gets a clear roadmap to follow. It is crucial here to dot all the i's and cross all the t's to make sure everything is doable and on track. After that comes the evaluation phase, where we take a step back and ask tough questions. Is this plan realistic? Does it fit our budget and timeframe? It is like giving the plan a reality check before committing to it. Finally, there is implementation, the stage where plans turn into action. Clear communication and good leadership are key here to keep everyone on the same page and motivated. It is about rolling up sleeves, overcoming obstacles, and making sure the plan works in real life.

Going through these decision-making stages taught me a lot about the importance of planning, creativity, and teamwork. According to Gupta (2022), the ability to make decisions is crucial, and a leader needs to be right in most of their decisions. I see now how each stage plays a crucial role in ensuring decisions not only solve problems but also propel the business forward. Looking ahead, I am excited to apply these lessons and contribute effectively to future decision-making processes in my role.

REFERENCE

Gupta, R. K. (2022). Understanding decision making process.

# data[].attributes.headline
CHAPTER 11: PROCESSES OF EMOTION IN THE WORKPLACE

# data[].attributes.subject
CHAPTER 11: PROCESSES OF EMOTION IN THE WORKPLACE

# data[].attributes.body
Today, I learned about emotions in the workplace and how they play a big role in my job. Under the chapter of processes of emotion in the workplace, I learn also about emotion as part of the job which includes emotional labor. Emotional Labor was defined as the management of feeling to create a publicly observable facial and bodily display (Yang & Chen, 2021). Also imply the meaning of where workers are expected to display certain feelings in order to satisfy organizational role expectations. Next, I then understand that under the emotional labor, it has surface acting, deep acting and genuine action of emotional content. Surface acting involves a change in behavior but not a change in felt emotion. Deep acting involves changing your internal feeling while genuine acting is a spontaneous and genuine emotional labor wherein the person expresses naturally the emotion and no acting is required.

I then try to recall my past job where I used to work in a customer service position which needed me a lot to communicate and interact with customers and clients. I vividly remember that during my service in that role, I express a lot of these three emotions especially when interacting with my customers. For me, it’s normal to feel all kinds of emotions, but we need to keep them in check at work, especially when dealing with customers. To do a great job and meet our company's standards, we have to manage our feelings and give clients the best service possible. Also to avoid emotional exhaustion as constantly managing emotions, especially when we have to put on a front, can lead to emotional exhaustion. According to Khetjenkarn and Agmapisarn (2020), studies have shown that both surface acting and deep acting are linked to emotional exhaustion, but surface acting usually has a stronger connection as it involves face emotion. This can show up as fatigue, burnout, and a general decline in well-being.

In conclusion, handling your emotions at work involves a mix of deep acting, surface acting, and being genuine. Deep acting helps you truly feel the needed emotions, which can be easier than faking it (surface acting). But whenever you can, being genuine is best for reducing stress and creating real connections with clients. Balancing these approaches keeps you emotionally healthy and ensures great customer service.

Yang, C., & Chen, A. (2021). Emotional labor: A comprehensive literature review. Human Systems Management, 40(4), 479–501. https://doi.org/10.3233/HSM-200937

Khetjenkarn, S., & Agmapisarn, C. (2020). The effects of emotional labour on the outcomes of the job and the organization: Do the differences in age and the manager’s emotional intelligence have any impact in the hotel business? European Journal of Tourism Research.

# data[].attributes.headline
CHAPTER 10: ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE AND LEADERSHIP PROCESSES

# data[].attributes.subject
CHAPTER 10: ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE AND LEADERSHIP PROCESSES

# data[].attributes.body
Organizational change and leadership go hand in hand. When a company undergoes changes, like adopting new technology or shifting its strategy, strong leadership is crucial. Nuwansala Imeshani Kumarasinghe and Dilan (2021) mentioned that small businesses must change to compete with larger ones by continuously improving efficiency to avoid falling behind or to stay ahead of competitors. Thus, good leaders are needed to explain the vision clearly, support their team, and stay flexible to handle any bumps along the way. Generally, communication plays a key role in this process, ensuring everyone is on the same page and feels valued.

Let me share an example from my internship at a startup company. The company was growing quickly, so the boss decided to open new offices in two different states. Consequently, he chose two employees to move to the new offices; however, they were initially reluctant. The boss and our leader then explained why these changes were necessary. They wanted these experienced employees to lead the new offices and help train the new staff for a few months because they believed that having seasoned employees there would lead to better results. Additionally, they organized training sessions to ensure everyone knew how to handle their roles and responsibilities effectively. During the transition, the leader encouraged feedback from the team and made adjustments as needed. The chosen staff eventually agreed to the changes after receiving assurance from the boss and our leader.

Therefore, I believe that having a good leader was crucial in this scenario. Schuetz (2017) emphasized the need of leaders communicating their ideas, translating them into reality, presenting new tactics, and suggesting actions to pursue. As you can refer back to the story, they effectively communicated why the changes were necessary, which helped overcome initial reluctance. The leader also provided support by organizing training sessions, ensuring all staff were equipped for their roles. Encouraging open communication and being flexible during the transition further contributed to the team's success in establishing the new offices. Overall, the leader's support was key in managing changes within the organization, keeping team morale high, and ensuring positive results for the company.

REFERENCE

Nuwansala Imeshani Kumarasinghe, H. P., & Dilan, H. K. T. (2021). Organizational change and change management. In Contemporary Innovations in Management (pp. 49-69).

Schuetz, A. (2017). Effective leadership and its impact on an organisation’s success. Journal of Corporate Responsibility and Leadership, 3(3), 73. https://doi.org/10.12775/JCRL.2016.017

# data[].attributes.headline
CHAPTER 3: HUMAN RELATIONS AND HUMAN RESOURCES

# data[].attributes.subject
CHAPTER 3: HUMAN RELATIONS AND HUMAN RESOURCES

# data[].attributes.body
Reflecting on my internship as a sales marketer, I recall experiences that resonated with principles from both Human Relations Theory and Human Resources Theory.  I remember how our team meetings at the marketing firm were all about open communication and working together on decisions. Our manager really encouraged us to share ideas freely, which made us feel like we were part of something important which I think align with what I learned under human relations theory. Omodan, Tsotetsi and Dube (2020) stated that sharing information with subordinates and involving them in routine decisions fulfills their need to belong, improves morale, and reduces resistance to authority. Sometimes, though, we'd get sidetracked with personal chats, which showed how tricky it can be to stay on topic in such a laid-back atmosphere.

Then, there was this workshop and meeting organized by HR also that focused on improving skills like leadership and time management rooted in Human Resources Theory. It was all about aligning our career goals with what the company needed, which was pretty different from the first meeting that I explained above. This workshop was more structured and goal-focused, keeping us on track without distractions.

Overall, these contrasting experiences underscored the importance of both interpersonal relationships and structured development initiatives in fostering employee satisfaction and organizational success. Each approach had its merits, with Human Relations Theory promoting inclusivity and creativity, while Human Resources Theory prioritized strategic alignment and professional growth. By combining the strengths of both theories, I believe it will create a productive, satisfying, and growth-oriented work environment. This balanced approach will help me achieve personal fulfillment while contributing to the overall success of the organization.

Omodan, B.I., Tsotetsi, C.T., & Dube, B. (2020). Analysis of human relations theory of management: A quest to re-enact people’s management towards peace in university system. SA Journal of Human Resource Management/SA Tydskrif vir Menslikehulpbronbestuur, 18(0), a1184. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v18i0.1184

# data[].attributes.headline
CHAPTER 1: THE CHALLENGE OF ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION

# data[].attributes.subject
CHAPTER 1: THE CHALLENGE OF ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION

# data[].attributes.body
Today's class on the topic of organizational communication was eye-opening. I learned that it's not just about sending messages within an organization, but also about how those messages are created, managed, and interpreted, whether intentionally or unintentionally. Organizational communication is the process of sharing information between superiors, subordinates, individuals, and groups within an organization to reach set goals (Rusli, 2021). This process involves both verbal and non-verbal cues. What struck me the most was understanding how broader issues like globalization, terrorism, climate change, and demographic shifts are intertwined with organizational communication. This made me realize the complexity and importance of effective communication in today's interconnected world.

The Rana Plaza tragedy in Bangladesh in 2013 is a stark example of organizational communication failures with devastating consequences. The building collapsed and over 1,100 people died because the owners didn't listen to warnings about its safety. Plus, workers had noticed cracks but were scared to speak up. Not only that, the garment factories in Rana Plaza operated under intense pressure to meet production deadlines for international brands, which sometimes meant safety took a backseat. After the collapse, the rescue efforts were chaotic because emergency teams and the government weren't well-prepared. This disaster shows how important it is for companies to listen to safety concerns and have better communication to avoid such tragedies.

Organizational communication is super important because it's not just about sending messages, but it's about making sure everyone gets them right. According to Korkmaz and Zorlu (2021), organizational communication is essential for management to work effectively and achieve goals while ensuring the organization continues to operate smoothly. The Rana Plaza tragedy in Bangladesh showed what happens when communication breaks down that leads to the building collapsing and many people die because safety warnings were ignored, and workers felt too scared to speak up about cracks they saw. Thus, companies need to create a culture where people can share concerns openly. That way, they can avoid big problems like this and keep everyone safe and informed.

REFERENCE

Rusli. (2021). Opportunities and challenges of organizational communication on public relations in the digital era. Proceeding of Dirundeng International Conference on Islamic Studies.

Zorlu, K., & Korkmaz, F. (2021). Organizational communication as an effective communication strategy in organizations and the role of the leader. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Management and Organization (pp. 123-140). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72288-3_21

# data[].attributes.headline
CHAPTER 11: PROCESSES OF EMOTION IN THE WORKPLACE

# data[].attributes.subject
CHAPTER 11: PROCESSES OF EMOTION IN THE WORKPLACE

# data[].attributes.body
Today, I learned about emotions in the workplace and how they play a big role in my job. Under the chapter of processes of emotion in the workplace, I learn also about emotion as part of the job which includes emotional labor. Emotional Labor was defined as the management of feeling to create a publicly observable facial and bodily display (Yang & Chen, 2021). Also imply the meaning of where workers are expected to display certain feelings in order to satisfy organizational role expectations. Next, I then understand that under the emotional labor, it has surface acting, deep acting and genuine action of emotional content. Surface acting involves a change in behavior but not a change in felt emotion. Deep acting involves changing your internal feeling while genuine acting is a spontaneous and genuine emotional labor wherein the person expresses naturally the emotion and no acting is required.

I then try to recall my past job where I used to work in a customer service position which needed me a lot to communicate and interact with customers and clients. I vividly remember that during my service in that role, I express a lot of these three emotions especially when interacting with my customers. For me, it’s normal to feel all kinds of emotions, but we need to keep them in check at work, especially when dealing with customers. To do a great job and meet our company's standards, we have to manage our feelings and give clients the best service possible. Also to avoid emotional exhaustion as constantly managing emotions, especially when we have to put on a front, can lead to emotional exhaustion. According to Khetjenkarn and Agmapisarn (2020), studies have shown that both surface acting and deep acting are linked to emotional exhaustion, but surface acting usually has a stronger connection as it involves face emotion. This can show up as fatigue, burnout, and a general decline in well-being.

In conclusion, handling your emotions at work involves a mix of deep acting, surface acting, and being genuine. Deep acting helps you truly feel the needed emotions, which can be easier than faking it (surface acting). But whenever you can, being genuine is best for reducing stress and creating real connections with clients. Balancing these approaches keeps you emotionally healthy and ensures great customer service.

Yang, C., & Chen, A. (2021). Emotional labor: A comprehensive literature review. Human Systems Management, 40(4), 479–501. https://doi.org/10.3233/HSM-200937

Khetjenkarn, S., & Agmapisarn, C. (2020). The effects of emotional labour on the outcomes of the job and the organization: Do the differences in age and the manager’s emotional intelligence have any impact in the hotel business? European Journal of Tourism Research.

# data[].attributes.headline
CHAPTER 10: ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE AND LEADERSHIP PROCESSES

# data[].attributes.subject
CHAPTER 10: ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE AND LEADERSHIP PROCESSES

# data[].attributes.body
Organizational change and leadership go hand in hand. When a company undergoes changes, like adopting new technology or shifting its strategy, strong leadership is crucial. Nuwansala Imeshani Kumarasinghe and Dilan (2021) mentioned that small businesses must change to compete with larger ones by continuously improving efficiency to avoid falling behind or to stay ahead of competitors. Thus, good leaders are needed to explain the vision clearly, support their team, and stay flexible to handle any bumps along the way. Generally, communication plays a key role in this process, ensuring everyone is on the same page and feels valued.

Let me share an example from my internship at a startup company. The company was growing quickly, so the boss decided to open new offices in two different states. Consequently, he chose two employees to move to the new offices; however, they were initially reluctant. The boss and our leader then explained why these changes were necessary. They wanted these experienced employees to lead the new offices and help train the new staff for a few months because they believed that having seasoned employees there would lead to better results. Additionally, they organized training sessions to ensure everyone knew how to handle their roles and responsibilities effectively. During the transition, the leader encouraged feedback from the team and made adjustments as needed. The chosen staff eventually agreed to the changes after receiving assurance from the boss and our leader.

Therefore, I believe that having a good leader was crucial in this scenario. Schuetz (2017) emphasized the need of leaders communicating their ideas, translating them into reality, presenting new tactics, and suggesting actions to pursue. As you can refer back to the story, they effectively communicated why the changes were necessary, which helped overcome initial reluctance. The leader also provided support by organizing training sessions, ensuring all staff were equipped for their roles. Encouraging open communication and being flexible during the transition further contributed to the team's success in establishing the new offices. Overall, the leader's support was key in managing changes within the organization, keeping team morale high, and ensuring positive results for the company.

REFERENCE

Nuwansala Imeshani Kumarasinghe, H. P., & Dilan, H. K. T. (2021). Organizational change and change management. In Contemporary Innovations in Management (pp. 49-69).

Schuetz, A. (2017). Effective leadership and its impact on an organisation’s success. Journal of Corporate Responsibility and Leadership, 3(3), 73. https://doi.org/10.12775/JCRL.2016.017

# data[].attributes.headline
CHAPTER 10: ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE AND LEADERSHIP PROCESSES

# data[].attributes.subject
CHAPTER 10: ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE AND LEADERSHIP PROCESSES

# data[].attributes.body
Organizational change and leadership go hand in hand. When a company undergoes changes, like adopting new technology or shifting its strategy, strong leadership is crucial. Nuwansala Imeshani Kumarasinghe and Dilan (2021) mentioned that small businesses must change to compete with larger ones by continuously improving efficiency to avoid falling behind or to stay ahead of competitors. Thus, good leaders are needed to explain the vision clearly, support their team, and stay flexible to handle any bumps along the way. Generally, communication plays a key role in this process, ensuring everyone is on the same page and feels valued.

Let me share an example from my internship at a startup company. The company was growing quickly, so the boss decided to open new offices in two different states. Consequently, he chose two employees to move to the new offices; however, they were initially reluctant. The boss and our leader then explained why these changes were necessary. They wanted these experienced employees to lead the new offices and help train the new staff for a few months because they believed that having seasoned employees there would lead to better results. Additionally, they organized training sessions to ensure everyone knew how to handle their roles and responsibilities effectively. During the transition, the leader encouraged feedback from the team and made adjustments as needed. The chosen staff eventually agreed to the changes after receiving assurance from the boss and our leader.

Therefore, I believe that having a good leader was crucial in this scenario. Schuetz (2017) emphasized the need of leaders communicating their ideas, translating them into reality, presenting new tactics, and suggesting actions to pursue. As you can refer back to the story, they effectively communicated why the changes were necessary, which helped overcome initial reluctance. The leader also provided support by organizing training sessions, ensuring all staff were equipped for their roles. Encouraging open communication and being flexible during the transition further contributed to the team's success in establishing the new offices. Overall, the leader's support was key in managing changes within the organization, keeping team morale high, and ensuring positive results for the company.

REFERENCE

Nuwansala Imeshani Kumarasinghe, H. P., & Dilan, H. K. T. (2021). Organizational change and change management. In Contemporary Innovations in Management (pp. 49-69).

Schuetz, A. (2017). Effective leadership and its impact on an organisation’s success. Journal of Corporate Responsibility and Leadership, 3(3), 73. https://doi.org/10.12775/JCRL.2016.017

# data[].attributes.headline
CHAPTER 3: HUMAN RELATIONS AND HUMAN RESOURCES

# data[].attributes.subject
CHAPTER 3: HUMAN RELATIONS AND HUMAN RESOURCES

# data[].attributes.body
Reflecting on my internship as a sales marketer, I recall experiences that resonated with principles from both Human Relations Theory and Human Resources Theory.  I remember how our team meetings at the marketing firm were all about open communication and working together on decisions. Our manager really encouraged us to share ideas freely, which made us feel like we were part of something important which I think align with what I learned under human relations theory. Omodan, Tsotetsi and Dube (2020) stated that sharing information with subordinates and involving them in routine decisions fulfills their need to belong, improves morale, and reduces resistance to authority. Sometimes, though, we'd get sidetracked with personal chats, which showed how tricky it can be to stay on topic in such a laid-back atmosphere.

Then, there was this workshop and meeting organized by HR also that focused on improving skills like leadership and time management rooted in Human Resources Theory. It was all about aligning our career goals with what the company needed, which was pretty different from the first meeting that I explained above. This workshop was more structured and goal-focused, keeping us on track without distractions.

Overall, these contrasting experiences underscored the importance of both interpersonal relationships and structured development initiatives in fostering employee satisfaction and organizational success. Each approach had its merits, with Human Relations Theory promoting inclusivity and creativity, while Human Resources Theory prioritized strategic alignment and professional growth. By combining the strengths of both theories, I believe it will create a productive, satisfying, and growth-oriented work environment. This balanced approach will help me achieve personal fulfillment while contributing to the overall success of the organization.

Omodan, B.I., Tsotetsi, C.T., & Dube, B. (2020). Analysis of human relations theory of management: A quest to re-enact people’s management towards peace in university system. SA Journal of Human Resource Management/SA Tydskrif vir Menslikehulpbronbestuur, 18(0), a1184. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v18i0.1184

# data[].attributes.headline
CHAPTER 1: THE CHALLENGE OF ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION

# data[].attributes.subject
CHAPTER 1: THE CHALLENGE OF ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION

# data[].attributes.body
Today's class on the topic of organizational communication was eye-opening. I learned that it's not just about sending messages within an organization, but also about how those messages are created, managed, and interpreted, whether intentionally or unintentionally. Organizational communication is the process of sharing information between superiors, subordinates, individuals, and groups within an organization to reach set goals (Rusli, 2021). This process involves both verbal and non-verbal cues. What struck me the most was understanding how broader issues like globalization, terrorism, climate change, and demographic shifts are intertwined with organizational communication. This made me realize the complexity and importance of effective communication in today's interconnected world.

The Rana Plaza tragedy in Bangladesh in 2013 is a stark example of organizational communication failures with devastating consequences. The building collapsed and over 1,100 people died because the owners didn't listen to warnings about its safety. Plus, workers had noticed cracks but were scared to speak up. Not only that, the garment factories in Rana Plaza operated under intense pressure to meet production deadlines for international brands, which sometimes meant safety took a backseat. After the collapse, the rescue efforts were chaotic because emergency teams and the government weren't well-prepared. This disaster shows how important it is for companies to listen to safety concerns and have better communication to avoid such tragedies.

Organizational communication is super important because it's not just about sending messages, but it's about making sure everyone gets them right. According to Korkmaz and Zorlu (2021), organizational communication is essential for management to work effectively and achieve goals while ensuring the organization continues to operate smoothly. The Rana Plaza tragedy in Bangladesh showed what happens when communication breaks down that leads to the building collapsing and many people die because safety warnings were ignored, and workers felt too scared to speak up about cracks they saw. Thus, companies need to create a culture where people can share concerns openly. That way, they can avoid big problems like this and keep everyone safe and informed.

REFERENCE

Rusli. (2021). Opportunities and challenges of organizational communication on public relations in the digital era. Proceeding of Dirundeng International Conference on Islamic Studies.

Zorlu, K., & Korkmaz, F. (2021). Organizational communication as an effective communication strategy in organizations and the role of the leader. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Management and Organization (pp. 123-140). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72288-3_21

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CHAPTER 1: THE CHALLENGE OF ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION

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CHAPTER 1: THE CHALLENGE OF ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION

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Today's class on organizational communication was eye-opening. I learned that it's not just about sending messages within an organization, but also about how those messages are created, managed, and interpreted, whether intentionally or unintentionally. Organizational communication is the process of sharing information between superiors, subordinates, individuals, and groups within an organization to reach set goals (Rusli, 2021). This process involves both verbal and non-verbal cues. What struck me the most was understanding how broader issues like globalization, terrorism, climate change, and demographic shifts are intertwined with organizational communication. This made me realize the complexity and importance of effective communication in today's interconnected world.

The Rana Plaza tragedy in Bangladesh in 2013 is a stark example of organizational communication failures with devastating consequences. The building collapsed and over 1,100 people died because the owners didn't listen to warnings about its safety. Plus, workers had noticed cracks but were scared to speak up. Not only that, the garment factories in Rana Plaza operated under intense pressure to meet production deadlines for international brands, which sometimes meant safety took a backseat. After the collapse, the rescue efforts were chaotic because emergency teams and the government weren't well-prepared. This disaster shows how important it is for companies to listen to safety concerns and have better communication to avoid such tragedies.

Organizational communication is super important because it's not just about sending messages, but it's about making sure everyone gets them right. The Rana Plaza tragedy in Bangladesh showed what happens when communication breaks down that leads to the building collapsing and many people die because safety warnings were ignored, and workers felt too scared to speak up about cracks they saw. Thus, companies need to create a culture where people can share concerns openly. That way, they can avoid big problems like this and keep everyone safe and informed.

REFERENCES

Rusli. (2021). Opportunities and challenges of organizational communication on public relations in the digital era. Proceeding of Dirundeng International Conference on Islamic Studies.

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CHAPTER 1: THE CHALLENGE OF ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION

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CHAPTER 1: THE CHALLENGE OF ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION

# data[].attributes.body
Today's class on organizational communication was eye-opening. I learned that it's not just about sending messages within an organization, but also about how those messages are created, managed, and interpreted, whether intentionally or unintentionally. Organizational communication is the process of sharing information between superiors, subordinates, individuals, and groups within an organization to reach set goals (Rusli, 2021). This process involves both verbal and non-verbal cues. What struck me the most was understanding how broader issues like globalization, terrorism, climate change, and demographic shifts are intertwined with organizational communication. This made me realize the complexity and importance of effective communication in today's interconnected world.

The Rana Plaza tragedy in Bangladesh in 2013 is a stark example of organizational communication failures with devastating consequences. The building collapsed and over 1,100 people died because the owners didn't listen to warnings about its safety. Plus, workers had noticed cracks but were scared to speak up. Not only that, the garment factories in Rana Plaza operated under intense pressure to meet production deadlines for international brands, which sometimes meant safety took a backseat. After the collapse, the rescue efforts were chaotic because emergency teams and the government weren't well-prepared. This disaster shows how important it is for companies to listen to safety concerns and have better communication to avoid such tragedies.

Organizational communication is super important because it's not just about sending messages, but it's about making sure everyone gets them right. The Rana Plaza tragedy in Bangladesh showed what happens when communication breaks down that leads to the building collapsing and many people die because safety warnings were ignored, and workers felt too scared to speak up about cracks they saw. Thus, companies need to create a culture where people can share concerns openly. That way, they can avoid big problems like this and keep everyone safe and informed.

Reference

Rusli. (2021). Opportunities and challenges of organizational communication on public relations in the digital era. Proceeding of Dirundeng International Conference on Islamic Studies.

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By Norzaiti binti Abdul Talib (E23D022F)

Reflecting on classical management theory, I am struck by its enduring influence on modern organizational practices, despite significant changes in the business landscape since the early 20th century. Pioneered by figures like Frederick Taylor, Henri Fayol, and Max Weber, classical management theory continues to shape contemporary management practices. According to Goldman & Kruger (2021), despite the evolution of business landscapes and the emergence of new strategic management approaches, conventional thinking rooted in classical management principles persists in influencing management practices. These principles continue to shape management thinking, even as they have been adapted to fit contemporary needs.

One of the most impactful aspects of classical management theory is its emphasis on efficiency and productivity. The idea of breaking down complex tasks into smaller, specialized components still resonates in many industries today. I've observed how this approach can lead to increased output and standardization of processes, particularly in manufacturing and production-oriented businesses. However, I've also come to recognize the limitations of viewing organizations solely through the lens of efficiency. The classical theory's mechanistic view of workers as interchangeable parts of a larger machine overlooks the human aspects of work, such as job satisfaction, motivation, and creativity. In my experience, not in production-oriented but in the communications field, neglecting these factors also can lead to decreased morale and productivity or staff/workers in the long run.

The hierarchical structure advocated by classical management theory remains prevalent in many organizations, providing clear lines of authority and responsibility. Yet, I've noticed a trend towards flatter, more flexible structures in modern companies, especially in dynamic industries like technology and creative services.

While the classical approach's focus on financial incentives as the primary motivator for employees still holds some truth, I've learned that today's workforce often seeks a broader range of rewards, including personal growth opportunities, work-life balance, and a sense of purpose.

Reflecting on these principles has reinforced for me the importance of balancing efficiency with employee well-being and adaptability. I strive to incorporate the strengths of classical management – such as clear goal-setting and systematic problem-solving – while also embracing more contemporary approaches that value human capital and foster innovation.

In conclusion, while classical management theory may not provide all the answers for today's complex business environment, its core principles continue to offer valuable insights. The key lies in thoughtfully applying these concepts alongside more modern management philosophies to create effective, humane, and adaptive organizations.

REFERENCE:

Goldman, G. A. and Kruger, J. (2021). Viewing ‘open strategy’ as a viable approach to the management of strategy. Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.4102/jef.v14i1.579

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Entry 4: People First - The Lasting Legacy of Human Relations in the Workplace

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Entry 4: People First - The Lasting Legacy of Human Relations in the Workplace

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By Norzaiti binti Abdul Talib (E23D022F)

The human relations approach to management, which emphasizes viewing employees as individuals with social and psychological needs, has been a revolutionary concept that continues to hold relevance in contemporary organizational settings. According to Akhter (2021), this approach acknowledges the importance of understanding and catering to the complexities of human behaviour within the workplace.

The key insight of treating workers as human beings seems obvious now, but it represented a major shift from earlier scientific management theories. By emphasizing factors like employee satisfaction, group dynamics, and participative decision-making, the human relations approach opened up new ways of motivating staff and improving productivity.

I find the focus on communication particularly compelling. Open, two-way communication between management and employees is critical for building trust, gathering feedback, and fostering a positive work environment. As a leader, I've seen firsthand how simply listening to employees' concerns and ideas can boost morale and engagement.

The emphasis on informal social structures within organizations is another aspect that resonates with me. Recognizing that employees form their own groups and norms outside the formal hierarchy provides valuable insights into workplace dynamics. Savvy managers can leverage these informal networks to build cohesion and drive change.

At the same time, I'm aware that there are some limitations of the human relations approach. Critics argue it can be used to manipulate workers or that it oversimplifies complex organizational realities. There's also a risk of neglecting business objectives in pursuit of employee satisfaction.

Moving forward, I believe the most effective approach is to blend human relations principles with other management theories. The core idea of valuing employees as individuals remains crucial, but it must be balanced with clear performance expectations and alignment to organizational goals.

Ultimately, reflecting on the human relations approach reinforces for me the importance of empathy, communication, and relationship-building in effective leadership. While not a panacea, these skills provide a strong foundation for creating engaged, productive teams in today's complex work environments.

REFERENCE:

Akhter, N. (2021). Keith davis’s human relations theory could create human relations to reach Sound Industrial Relations (SIRS) in the garment sector of Bangladesh. Khulna University Business Review. https://doi.org/10.35649/kubr.2020.15.1.5

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Entry 3: The Power of Communication in Effective Leadership

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Entry 3: The Power of Communication in Effective Leadership

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By Norzaiti binti Abdul Talib (E23D022F)

Leadership in the modern professional landscape has evolved to emphasize the importance of communication and collaboration skills for leaders. Communication is the foundation upon which all leadership is built, enabling leaders to inspire, motivate, and guide their teams towards common goals. According to Jayanagara (2024), effective communication has been shown to be directly linked to improved team performance, while collaboration skills are recognized as key drivers of organizational success. As I reflect on the relationship between communication and leadership, I am struck by the profound impact that effective communication has on an individual's ability to lead successfully.

One key insight I've gained is the importance of active listening in communication. As a leader, it's not enough to simply convey information; one must also be attuned to the needs, concerns, and ideas of team members. By actively listening and seeking to understand different perspectives, leaders can build trust, foster collaboration, and make more informed decisions.

I've also come to appreciate the power of clear and concise communication. In today's fast-paced business environment, leaders must be able to communicate complex ideas and strategies in a way that is easily understood by all stakeholders. This requires the ability to tailor one's message to the audience and to use language that is free of jargon and ambiguity.

Another critical aspect of communication and leadership is the ability to adapt one's style to different situations and individuals. Effective leaders recognize that not everyone responds to the same communication approach, and they are able to adjust their tone, body language, and message accordingly. This flexibility allows leaders to connect with a diverse range of team members and to create an inclusive and supportive work environment.

I've also learned about the importance of non-verbal communication in leadership. Things like eye contact, posture, and facial expressions can convey a leader's confidence, approachability, and commitment to their team. By being mindful of their non-verbal cues, leaders can reinforce their verbal messages and build stronger relationships with their followers.

Moving forward, I plan to focus on developing my communication skills even further. This includes seeking out feedback from colleagues and mentors, practicing public speaking, and learning to communicate more effectively in writing. I also recognize the importance of continuous learning and staying up-to-date with the latest communication trends and best practices.

In conclusion, effective communication is essential for successful leadership. By mastering the art of communication, leaders can inspire their teams, drive innovation, and create a positive and productive work environment. As I continue to grow and develop as a leader, I am committed to making communication a top priority and to using it as a powerful tool for driving change and achieving success.

REFERENCE:
Jayanagara, O. (2024). The evolution of leadership in the modern professional landscape: shifting paradigms and their impacts. Feedforward: Journal of Human Resource, 4(1), 61. https://doi.org/10.19166/ff.v4i1.8198

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By Norzaiti binti Abdul Talib (E23D022F)

As a Public Relations Officer, I've been reflecting on the pervasive issue of burnout in this industry. A survey in 2020 by teamblind.com found that 74% of marketing and communications professionals reported experiencing burnout, the highest burnout compared to roles in finance, sales, business operations, HR and engineering. This statistic resonates with my own experiences and observations of colleagues struggling to maintain a healthy work-life balance.

The nature of work in PR inherently predisposes us to burnout. We operate in a 24/7 environment, constantly managing client expectations, handling high-pressure situations, and facing frequent rejection and criticism. The need to be perpetually connected through various digital channels adds another layer of stress, contributing to both job and tech burnout.

I've noticed how burnout manifests in our field - exhaustion, feelings of helplessness, negative outlook, self-doubt, and a constant sense of being overwhelmed especially when you had not enough teammate, but at the same time have tonnes of workloads. These symptoms not only affect professional performance but also seep into our personal lives, potentially leading to more severe mental health issues like depression and chronic anxiety.

Strategies to combat burnout encompass a multifaceted approach that involves interventions at both the individual and organizational levels. Organizational strategies play a crucial role in combating burnout. Interventions like debriefing, simulation, peer support, and group sessions have shown variable success in addressing burnout among some workers (Green et al., 2022). However, reflecting on strategies to combat burnout, I realize that the most important thing is prioritizing self-care. It's crucial to remember that we're human beings, not machines. Setting boundaries with colleagues and clients, creating a work schedule with adequate breaks, and ensuring sufficient rest are essential steps I need to implement more consistently.

I've also been considering the role of exercise in stress management. Even a brisk walk around the residence area can boost endorphins and energy levels. Additionally, I recognize the value of reaching out for support, whether to friends, family, or someone that you trust, to develop better coping mechanisms.

Moving forward, I aim to be more proactive in managing work-related stress. This includes prioritizing tasks, breaking them down into manageable steps, and creating realistic timelines. I also plan to explore the possibility of delegating administrative and repetitive tasks to reduce my workload.

Ultimately, this reflection has reinforced the importance of maintaining a balance between professional dedication and personal well-being. By implementing these strategies, I hope to not only prevent burnout but also cultivate a more sustainable and fulfilling career in public relations.

REFERENCE:

Blind (2020). The Evolution of the Burnout Covid-19 Edition. https://www.teamblind.com/blog/content/files/StateofBurnoutCovid19.pdf

Green, J., Berdahl, C. T., Ye, X., & Wertheimer, J. (2022). The impact of positive reinforcement on teamwork climate, resiliency, and burnout during the covid-19 pandemic: the team-icu (transforming employee attitudes via messaging strengthens interconnection, communication, and unity) pilot study. Journal of Health Psychology, 28(3), 267-278. https://doi.org/10.1177/13591053221103640

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Entry 1: The Art of Conflict Management in Organisation

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Entry 1: The Art of Conflict Management in Organisation

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By Norzaiti binti Abdul Talib (E23D022F)

Reflecting on managing conflict in organizations, I've come to realize the critical importance of this skill for leaders and employees alike. Workplace conflict is a common occurrence in organizations due to differences in opinions, work styles, and personal goals (Lee et al., 2022). Conflict can lead to negative outcomes such as burnout, absenteeism, decreased productivity, and turnover if not managed effectively (Dorothée, 2020). However, when managed effectively, conflict can actually lead to positive outcomes such as innovative solutions, improved creativity, and stronger team dynamics.

One key insight I've gained is the importance of identifying the root cause of conflicts. As a leader, it's crucial to listen attentively to all parties involved and understand the underlying issues before attempting to resolve the situation. Leaders play a vital role not only in resolving conflicts but also in proactively preventing them to ensure a productive workplace (Bălașa et. al, 2023). This approach not only helps in finding more effective solutions but also makes the involved parties feel heard and respected.

I've also learned about various conflict management styles, such as avoidance, accommodation, competition, compromise, and collaboration. While each style may be appropriate in certain situations, I believe the collaborative approach (like my quiz result) often yields the best long-term results. This style brings all parties together, encourages open communication, and aims for a solution that satisfies everyone involved. Another important aspect of conflict management is creating an organizational culture that prevents unnecessary conflicts. This involves ensuring clear and consistent policies, transparent decision-making processes, and holding all employees accountable for resolving conflicts. By fostering a culture of trust, fairness, and mutual respect, organizations can significantly reduce the occurrence of destructive conflicts.

I've come to appreciate the value of diversity in teams as a means of promoting productive conflict. By bringing together individuals with diverse expertise, thinking styles, and backgrounds, organizations can encourage healthy debates that lead to better decision-making and innovation. Moving forward, I plan to focus on developing my conflict management skills further. This includes improving my active listening abilities, practicing emotional intelligence, and learning to guide conflicting parties towards collaborative solutions. I also recognize the importance of providing conflict management training to all employees, as this empowers them to handle day-to-day issues independently.

In conclusion, effective conflict management is a crucial skill in today's diverse and dynamic workplaces. By embracing conflict as an opportunity for growth and improvement, organizations can turn potential challenges into catalysts for positive change and innovation.

REFERENCE:

Lee, H., Zhang, X. A., Sung, Y. H., Lee, S., & Kim, J. (2022). Symmetry, inclusion and workplace conflicts: conflict management effects of two leadership strategies on employee advocacy and departure. Journal of Communication Management, 26(3), 349-370. https://doi.org/10.1108/jcom-01-2022-0011

Dorothée, U. (2020). Organization-level interventions in mitigating the burden of workplace conflicts. International Journal of Advanced Academic Research, 205-221. https://doi.org/10.46654/ij.24889849.s61010

Bălașa, M. A., Sterghiuli, A., Tănase, M. A., & Matei, S. R. (2023). The effects of interpersonal conflict on employee satisfaction and productivity in the workplace. The “Black Sea” Journal of Psychology, 14(4), 89-102. https://doi.org/10.47577/bspsychology.bsjop.v14i4.267

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Entry 5:

Title: Reflective Journal on Decision Making  Processes

In classical theories of organizational behavior, decision making is an entirely rational and logical process. First, organization members notice a problem that requires a decision. After carefully defining the problem, the decision makers then search for all the relevant information that might bear upon it. Next, the decision makers develop a set of decision options and evaluate them according to carefully developed criteria for decision effectiveness. The decision-making process concludes when an optimal decision is identified and decision implementation can begin. This has been labeled the normative model of decision making (Nutt, 1984), and it includes five stages: formulation, concept development, detailing, evaluation, and implementation.

The decision-making process is an important aspect in solving problems and achieving goals in an organization. This involves a series of steps to gather information, evaluate alternatives, and make a final choice. This process usually includes the following main steps. Identify the decision to be taken by clearly defining the problem or situation that needs to be addressed. For example, as a Head of Department, I need to identify the problems faced by my subordinates. I will also collect relevant information from various sources, internal and external, to help the decision-making process. I will also identify possible solutions or alternatives by brainstorming and considering various options. After gathering all the evidence, I will analyze the pros and cons of each alternative and consider the potential risks and benefits. After that, I will choose the most suitable option based on the information gathered and the analysis that has been done. After that, I will take action by developing a plan to implement the chosen decision and assigning tasks to team members. Once completed, I will review the decisions taken after a predetermined period of time to evaluate their effectiveness in solving problems or achieving desired goals.

Through these examples, the decision-making model can provide a structured approach to the process. Group decision-making techniques, such as consensus decision-making, can also be used to involve many stakeholders and gather diverse perspectives. Effective decision-making requires a proactive approach, clear problem identification, structured teams and clear processes. By following these steps and using the right tools and techniques, companies can make the right decisions that drive success and growth.

Reference

Miller, K. (2015). Organizational communication: Approaches and processes. (7th ed.). Stamford: Cengage Learning.

Sarah Laoyan, 2024 ; 7 important steps in the decision making process

https://asana.com/resources/decision-making-process

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Entry 4:

Title: Reflective Journal on Conflict Management Processes

"The interaction of independent people who feel conflicting goals, objectives, and values, and who see others as potentially interfering with the realization of those goals (Putnam & Poole, 1987)" This definition highlights three general characteristics of conflict, namely incompatible goals . , interdependence and interaction.

Although goals that are not aligned can cause conflict, that is not a sufficient condition for organizational conflict to occur. Conflict only appears when the behavior of organizational members is interdependent. For example, as the head of a department, my management style may be different, but can be resolved together harmoniously so that the final results will be interdependent.

Communication plays an important role in managing conflict related to goals that are not aligned. Effective communication helps shape perceptions, emotions and behaviors related to conflict, and plays an important role in resolving differences and preventing escalation. Even if goals are not aligned, conflicts can be resolved through open communication and considering the perspectives of all parties.

Other factors that contribute to organizational conflict include limited resources, task interdependence, personality differences and communication problems. Conflicts can also arise from organizational structures, such as matrix structures that cause conflicting decisions.

In short, although inappropriate goals are an important source of organizational conflict, the existence of interdependence between organizational members and the role of communication is an important factor that determines whether conflict increases or is effectively managed within the organizational environment.

According to Putnam and Poole (1987): Communication forms the essence of conflict because it underlies the formation of opposing issues, frames perceived conflict perceptions, translates emotions and perceptions into conflict behavior, and sets the stage for future conflicts. Thus, communication plays an important role in every aspect of conflict, including the avoidance or suppression of conflict, the open expression of opposition, and the evolution of issues, (p. 552).

Reference

Conflict Management: Meaning and Best Examples

https://www.coursera.org/articles/conflict-management

Conflict Management: Definition, Strategies, and Styles

https://www.coursera.org/articles/conflict-management

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Entry 3:

Title: Reflective Journal on Classical Approaches

This title discusses the application of theories used in organizations. The following is an example given in the question to illustrate the application of classical organizational theory in modern organizations. Examples can be seen in the hierarchical structure and communication practices of traditional companies.

Henri Fayol, described by Koontz and O'Donnell (1976) as "the father of modern operations management theory," was a French industrialist who lived in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. If seen in the company environment in general, the principle of Henri Fayol's Classical Management Theory is to explain the clarity of roles and responsibilities between employees. For example, as the Head of Department, I am responsible for planning, coordinating, and dividing tasks, while my subordinates are responsible for carrying out tasks. This hierarchical structure reflects Fayol's emphasis on organization and control in an organization.

Robbins et al. Al. (2006, p.48) discusses that Weber describes the type of 'ideal' organization called 'Bureaucrat'; characterized by division of labor, clear hierarchy, detailed rules and regulations, and interpersonal relationships.  For example, as a leader I need to make a division of duties and my subordinates will carry out tasks according to the division of duties. I also need to provide guidance to the staff so that the task can be completed well.

While Max Weber's Theory of Bureaucracy proved to have many bureaucratic characteristics in today's companies. Bureaucratic principles such as clear rules and regulations, company procedures, and rational legal authority are often used in the corporate environment. This bureaucratic structure is to guarantee predictable company decisions, company stability, and personnel efficiency in company operations. For example, I need to make sure my staff follow all the procedures set by the company when completing the assigned tasks.

Taylor detailed his system in a book called The Principles of Scientific Management (Taylor, 1911). In this book, he explains how his system has worked in several organizations. In addition, Frederick Taylor's Scientific Management Theory influenced work design and division of labor in modern organizations. Jobs are often designed based on scientific methods to increase efficiency and productivity. For example, after the division of tasks is done, my subordinates need to use physical strength to complete the task, while I give mental planning to the staff such as motivating them to complete the task such as offering a gift if the task can be completed. This reflects Taylor's principle of specialization and efficiency.

In addition, communication practices in companies are top-down, formal or task-oriented and tasks are documented in writing. The structured communication style is to ensure that the staff has a clear, consistent and consistent purpose with the organization's purpose.

Overall, the use of classical management principles in modern organizations shows how these theories have shaped organizational structures, work plans, communication practices, and approaches taken by management over time.

Reference

Miller, K. (2015). Organizational communication: Approaches and processes. (7th ed.). Stamford: Cengage Learning.

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Entry 2

Title: Reflective Journal on Human Relations and Human Resources Approaches

The Human Relations and Human Resources approach to organizational communication focuses on understanding human needs and maximizing organizational productivity through effective management practices. The Human Relations Approach emphasizes the importance of human needs in the workplace, as exemplified by the Hawthorne Study, Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory, and McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y.

This approach highlights the importance of considering individual needs, non-monetary rewards, and social interactions in organizations. For example, as a Head of Department, I need to consider some rewards or requirements to motivate staff as shown in Maslow's theory.

On the other hand, the Human Resource Approach emerged from the limitations of the Human Relations Approach, which aims to increase organizational productivity and individual satisfaction through intelligent human resource management. This emphasizes maximizing organizational productivity and individual employee satisfaction by using human resources effectively. For example, after the company meets all staff needs, the success of an organization also depends on management wisdom as discussed in theory X and Y.

The Human Resource approach includes models such as Grid Management and System IV management, with a focus on knowledge management and learning systems in organizations. For example, to ensure that my subordinates have skills in their fields, I need to encourage them to attend relevant courses to improve their knowledge in their respective fields of work.

Peter Senge and other scholars have distinguished learning organizations from organizations that have a "learning disability", emphasizing mental flexibility, team learning, shared vision and personal mastery as key elements of effective organizations. Through the examples given, it is clear that the management of resources and the use of resources are important factors in ensuring the achievement of organizational goals.  Overall, this approach has evolved over time to emphasize the importance of leveraging employees' cognitive abilities and encouraging a culture of learning and participation in the workplace.

Reference

Tine A. Wulandari, M.I.Kom ; Human Relations and Human Resources Approaches

https://repository.unikom.ac.id/60186/1/%282%29%20Human%20Relations%20Approaches.pdf

Miller, K. (2015). Organizational communication: Approaches and processes. (7th ed.). Stamford: Cengage Learning.

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Entry 1:

Title: Reflective Journal on Introduction to Organizational Communication

Lumen's learning course defines organizational communication as the sending and receiving of messages between individuals who interact in a specific setting or environment to achieve individual and common goals. As the head of the department, I feel that communication is important because before a job is carried out, I will inform the work process that needs to be done and ensure that the information conveyed can be understood by all staff. If this information is not understood by the staff, there is a possibility that a project will not succeed.

In this topic we discuss Organizational Communication which refers to the process of sending and receiving messages between individuals who are interconnected in an organization. In my view, the reception of information by staff is the most important aspect in any organization because it will help complete tasks, develop relationships between staff, and coordinate operations. Organizational communication is not just conveying messages but also shaping the social world of the organization, shaping its climate and culture.

I also think about the importance of effective communication in the organization, which can be categorized into internal and external communication. Internal communication aims to facilitate the transmission of information to subordinate staff, for example I need to ensure that my instructions to my staff can be reached and understood. , whereas external communication involves interaction with external parties, for example my communication with customers, suppliers, and the community.

This chapter explains various types of communication, including upward (feedback from subordinates to management), downward (communication from management to subordinates), and horizontal (communication between employees). According to me, clear communication will be able to convey information and be understood by all staff from top to bottom.

Overall, this title provides an overview of the importance of organizational communication, and various approaches and processes that are important for effective communication in an organization.

Reference

What Is Organizational Communication?

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-introductiontocommunication/chapter/what-is-organizational-communication/

Organizational Communication | Definition & Examples

https://study.com/learn/lesson/organizational-communication-uses-examples.html

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How people feel and think, their beliefs, how they see things, and how stressed they are all affect how they act at work. These things are important to understand because they shape how employees view their jobs and coworkers. Our personal beliefs guide our actions and help us connect our own goals with the company's goals (Ibrahim et al., 2023). How we understand our workplace affects whether we feel things are fair and if we trust our colleagues. Stress, which can come from work tasks, expectations, or disagreements with others, can be harmful to both individuals and the company (Izdebski et al., 2023). Knowing and managing these things is key to creating a good and productive workplace.

My internship at the Islamic Affairs Department of Negeri Sembilan (JHEAINS) Enforcement Division showed me how important attitudes, values, stress, and perception are in the workplace. The officers were very dedicated to their job, driven by their strong sense of duty and faith to uphold Islamic laws. This dedication was clear in their commitment to helping the community, often going above and beyond what was required of them. Their personal beliefs were in line with the organization's goals, which gave them a sense of purpose and motivation in their work. However, their work, which involved dealing with sensitive religious and social issues, was very stressful. The demands of the job could lead to burnout if not handled properly. JHEAINS recognized this and provided stress management workshops and counseling to help their employees cope. The officers also had to make quick decisions based on how they understood people's actions and intentions. This could sometimes lead to misunderstandings, which highlighted the need for training in fair and unbiased judgment.

Overall, my internship at JHEAINS taught me how our attitudes, values, stress levels, and perceptions can affect how we behave at work. It showed me how important it is for our personal beliefs to match up with the company's goals, how to manage stress effectively, and how to make sure our judgments are fair and unbiased. These are all important for creating a positive and productive work environment.

Ibrahim, Y., Ahmed, M. M., & Nayel, M. T. (2023). The impact of corporate social responsibility practices on employees’ engagement: The mediating role of organizational identification. Global Business and Organizational Excellence, 43(2), 43–60. https://doi.org/10.1002/joe.22212

Izdebski, Z., Kozakiewicz, A., Białorudzki, M., Dec-Pietrowska, J., & Mazur, J. (2023). Occupational Burnout in healthcare workers, stress and other symptoms of work overload during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3), 2428. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032428

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Negotiation are consider normal and it can be classified as discussions where people from different groups try to reach an agreement, often to solve problems. There are two main types: one focuses on dividing things up, and the other on finding solutions that benefit everyone.

Disagreements happen often at work, and they can be both good and bad. Being good at negotiation is important for dealing with these disagreements and finding solutions that everyone can accept (Fisher & Ury, 2011). During my internship at the Jabatan Hal Ehwal Agama Islam Negeri Sembilan, I saw how negotiation was used to handle sensitive religious issues. The officers used negotiation to help people find common ground while following the rules.

I believe negotiation helps us learn more about ourselves. By thinking back on past negotiations, I learned about my strengths, weaknesses, and how I communicate (Fells, 2019). This understanding has helped me become a better negotiator and find solutions where everyone wins. Knowing my own goals and values also helps me understand others better and find solutions we all agree on. My internship taught me that it's important to keep learning and adjusting how we negotiate to handle difficult situations.

Fells, R., & Sheer, N. (2019). Effective Negotiation: From Research to Results (4th ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Fisher, R., Ury, W., Patton, B., & Boutsikaris, D. (2011). Getting to yes: Negotiating agreement without giving in. Simon & Schuster Audio.

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Management decision making is a critical activity in any organization because it influences organizational processes and performance of various activities. Decision making that is made appropriately can help an organization to achieve organizational goals giving it a competitive edge and helping the organization grow. On the other hand, making wrong decisions is a disadvantage since it may lead to loses and other undesirable outcomes. As highlighted by Kozioł-Nadolna and Beyer (2021), in the current world economy characterized by high levels of competition and constant changes, decision-making is crucial to the success of any organization.
In my internship at Jabatan Hal Ehwal Agama Islam Negeri Sembilan - Enforcement Division, I realized the importance of decision-making in a public service area. This resulted in enforcement officers having to make tough decisions that are in compliance with the law and ethical practices taking into consideration the religious implications of the cases at hand. Thus, the decisions made by their subordinates affected this division’s capacity to guarantee order in the community and adherence to religious standards, which proved the role of effective decision-making in accomplishing the organization’s objectives. The officers faced a complex dynamic where they had to look for the best solution for everyone and see what will happen if they do something, so they had a lot of responsibilities. It revealed the importance of training and education in decision making for the public servants as a way of updating them with modern techniques needed in their work.

Kozioł-Nadolna, K., & Beyer, K. (2021). Determinants of the decision-making process in organizations. Procedia Computer Science, 192, 2375–2384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2021.09.006

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The consideration of emotions in the workplace is crucial for any organization because it directly impacts the organization's performance. It's not just about assessing performance; it also involves social responsibility towards the individuals around us, especially when colleagues face emotional difficulties such as burnout.

As per Koropets (2020), burnout occurs due to toxic management, which heightens work-related stress levels. Its presence in an organization contributes to the development of burnout syndrome in employees by disrupting their work-life balance, creating a negative emotional background, leading to exhaustion, and resulting in an inability to replenish personal physical and psychological resources.

From personal experience, when someone becomes toxic towards us, it impacts our health, especially when we reach the stage of burnout. For instance, it can result in insomnia, frequent nighttime urination (nocturia), psychological rejection leading to anxiety, and similar symptoms. If left unaddressed for an extended period, it can lead to conditions such as heart disease and other potentially fatal ailments. According to Koropets (2020), 79.41% of their respondents faced health issues.

In this regard, it's not only harsh words that are considered toxic, but also actions like gossiping, backstabbing, and the like, even if delivered in a seemingly innocuous manner, can be profoundly hurtful. Moreover, it can occur even when the victim is innocent, as the influence of someone placing blame on another can significantly contribute to their burnout. This stems from a lack of workplace ethics and humanity within the perpetrator.

Furthermore, at the very least, victims should avoid exacerbating the effects of burnout by seeking psychiatric treatment and attempting to find a way out of the situation by ignoring the perpetrator. Yes, it's not an easy task, especially for those already experiencing burnout, but at least ensure that it does not worsen. Engage in hobbies or activities that boost your motivation, such as jogging or similar pursuits.

Initially, the expectation that burnout solely resulted from excessive workload, but after being exposed to the emotional process, then understood that there are many other contributing factors to it. Regardless of background, organizations undoubtedly harbor toxic elements. This knowledge, to some extent, equips us to manage them effectively.

Koropets, O., Fedorova, A., & Dvorakova, Z. (2020). The impact of toxic management on staff burnout. Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research/Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200312.251

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Decision making is a vital aspect of any organization, especially for top management. Those in high positions carry significant risks and responsibilities, and incorrect decisions can lead to the downfall of the entire organization.

In own experience, witnessing an organization suffer due to immature decision making was concerning. These poor decisions not only impacted the employees but also negatively affected the local community and tarnished the organization's reputation. For instance, the organization frequently made decisions without holding meetings and relied on emotions rather than facts and rationality.

One notable example was the purchase of a luxury car while the organization was relying on crowd funding and had many other pressing needs. These decisions were made without consulting the employees or conducting any research. Ultimately, these actions led to a decline in community trust, reduced respect from employees, and a significant financial downturn for the organization. Despite my advice to the organization, it went unheeded.

In light of these experiences, there's a plan to develop a practical and straightforward rational decision making model to offer to such organizations and institutions. According to Uzonwanne (2016), despite the investment of time and resources, rational decision making proves to offer more effective and functional solutions compared to intuitive decision-making. This model would include templates and flowcharts to guide decision making processes, such as data collection, analysis, and multistage decision making.

Disagreeing with decisions based on emotions, such as personal preferences, advocating for choices rooted in facts and rational analysis. A study and understanding of the rational model have clarified the process for making more mature decisions. There's an aim in the future to establish a consultancy involving researchers to provide advisory services to organizations, helping them avoid similar pitfalls.

In conclusion, effective decision making is crucial for the health and success of any organization. Learning from past mistakes and adopting a rational approach to decision making can significantly enhance organizational outcomes. Establishing consultancy services to guide organizations in making well-informed, rational decisions can be a proactive step towards achieving this goal.

Uzonwanne, F. C. (2016). Rational model of decision making. In Springer eBooks (pp. 1–6). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_2474-1

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Entry 3 : Human Relations and Human Resources

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Entry 3 : Human Relations and Human Resources

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Human Relations and Human Resources are critical theories in organizational management. Based on my experience, when my organization tried to adapt the classical style of management, significant gaps emerged. This was because the classical theory neglected employee voices and needs. Consequently, our management applied an approach similar to Maslow's theory of Human Relations. This experience motivated me to write this reflection to help other organizations understand these concepts better.

However, when the institution adopted the Human Relations approach, several issues arose. Employees began to take advantage of the system. For example, employees were not reprimanded for being late or absent for several days. Wasteful behavior went unpunished, and the organization became unstable as employees started taking leave without proper documentation, merely informing the Chairman verbally. Financial incentives were given without performance evaluation. This misuse highlighted that the Human Relations theory should cater to human needs and performance, not be exploited. Without expertise in organizational management, chaos ensued.

I suggest implementing Human Resources management, which combines classical management and Human Relations, as proposed by Blake and Mouton. After applying Human Resources, positive changes occurred. Previously informal meetings held casually at eateries were transformed into formal monthly meetings with proper minute-taking, while maintaining a relaxed atmosphere to avoid tension.

Initially, classical theory seemed the best due to its emphasis on bureaucracy and productivity. However, gaps emerged when employees started feeling stressed and pressured by management, affecting their performance. This was witnessed firsthand among colleagues. Shifting to Human Relations revealed its shortcomings due to excessive informality. Implementing Human Resources theory provided a more balanced approach, leading to smoother organizational operations. This supported by Rana (2022) study shows that managing human resources with a focus on development and strategic alignment can positively impact organizational performance, aligning with your experience of achieving a balanced and efficient operation by integrating classical management with modern human resources approaches

In conclusion, conducting further studies and involving academics or researchers to explore new theories that can enhance organizational performance is recommended. This continuous exploration and integration of management theories will help maintain a balanced and efficient workplace.

Taha, R., & Taha, N. (2022). The role of human resources management in enhancing the economic sustainability of Jordanian banks. Journal of Business and Socio-economic Development, 3(2), 180–193. https://doi.org/10.1108/jbsed-04-2022-0045

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During the exploration of Classical Management Theory, principles laid out by Frederick Taylor, Henri Fayol, and Max Weber were examined, providing a deeper understanding of concepts such as the division of labor, hierarchical structures, and bureaucratic management.

This experience is significant as an employee in an educational institution that incorporates these theories into its operations. It has enhanced the ability to observe how these principles contribute to organizational efficiency and has informed the understanding of management practices within the institution.

These theories are applied across various sectors, both public and private. For example, the division of labor from classical management theory has positively impacted work efficiency, although it has sparked some debate. Hierarchical structures from these theories are still in use, benefiting daily operations by ensuring an orderly flow of information and preventing unqualified interference. However, reliance on middle management can be a downside, as bypassing the chain of command can lead to missed information. Overall, these principles have significantly influenced organizational structures and operations.

However, it can have some negative effects on the institution, as everything depends on middle management. If middle management performs well, the organization runs smoothly. If not, lower-level employees have no way to voice their concerns to top management due to the broken chain of communication. Therefore, top management, middle management, and employees all play crucial roles in understanding and effectively implementing these systems within the framework of these theories.

Classical management theory has been critiqued by various scholars for its gaps, such as focusing too much on production and quantity while neglecting human needs. To address this, my observation is that integrating classical management with newer theories can be beneficial. For instance, I am suggesting the institution to establish an open complaint box system, which is opened in front of middle and top management to ensure no employee's voice is ignored. This can help their voice to be raise and feel more motivated as Dewi (2023) suggests that employees are motivated to enhance their engagement in work to improve effectiveness.

Before learning these theories, I thought studying management was unimportant and top management duties would be very difficult. However, after in depth exposure, my perspective changed, making me appreciate the role of these theories in smoother organizational operations. The challenge lies in misapplying classical management without integrating contemporary theories. Therefore, I will continue exploring and analyzing relevant management theories to provide insights that could improve our organization.

In conclusion, every human created theory inevitably has its shortcomings and requires continuous improvement. Even when implemented excessively, any theory can yield negative impacts. For instance, bureaucracy has been criticized for its negative effects when implemented excessively. However, further detailed research and analysis are essential to fully comprehend the complexities and nuances, both positive and negative, of this exploration.

Dewi, D. A., Prasetyo, B., & Setiawan, D. (2023). The Relationship Between Employee Voice and Organizational Effectiveness Becomes Significant with The Mediation of Work Engagement. Jurnal Borneo Administrator/Jurnal Borneo Administrator : Media Pengembangan Paradigma Dan Gaya Baru Manajemen Pemerintahan Daerah, 19(3), 237–252. https://doi.org/10.24258/jba.v19i3.1144

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Organizational communication is intricately intertwined with four dominant aspects that shape our perspectives, globalization, terrorism, climate change, and changing demographics. Globalization, for instance, prompts adaptations in organizational communication to meet contemporary needs. People increasingly prioritize effective communication due to the ever-precious nature of time and the potential to avert crises, such as the Rana Plaza tragedy. In managing such incidents, effective communication is imperative to ensure swift resolution and positive outcomes for affected parties.

Futhermore, when engaging with contractors, particularly non-native ones, understanding their needs, culture, and language is paramount. Yasir (2021) emphasizes the critical role of communication in the workplace, particularly in the construction industry. Yasir (2021) findings revealed that poor communication among project parties can have detrimental effects, leading to numerous negative impacts on the industry. Furthermore Efficient communication not only saves time by eliminating the need for repeated explanations on-site but also positively impacts emotions, reduces costs, and minimizes rework losses. Unclear communication can lead to errors and financial setbacks, underscoring the importance of effective communication.

Initially, I underestimated the significance of effective communication, but firsthand experiences underscored its importance. Positive experiences motivated me to communicate more effectively and thoughtfully. Challenges arise when dealing with non-Malaysian contractors due to language barriers, necessitating creative solutions such as providing annotated plans and using translation tools.

For instance, success in communication stems from learning and experience, enabling rapid understanding of situations and effective implementation of learned strategies. Effective communication undoubtedly enhances both work performance and personal life. For future actions, creating checklists and thorough preparation with complete documents will streamline communication and boost confidence when interacting with various audiences. This approach contributes to professional development as a competent leader. It's essential not to underestimate any task and always strive for excellence. Additionally, Chiaramonti (2023) highlighted that checklists in the workplace play a vital role in ensuring effective management and improving production processes.

In conclusion, organizational communication is deeply influenced by various factors, necessitating adaptability and sensitivity to diverse needs. Effective communication is not only a professional skill but also a personal asset, enhancing both work outcomes and interpersonal relationships. By continually refining communication strategies and embracing challenges as learning opportunities, we can navigate the complexities of organizational communication with confidence and efficacy.

Chiaramonti, B., De Araujo, V., Prates, G., Savi, A., & Cortez-Barbosa, J. (2023). Monitoring checklist for the construction of light-woodframe houses. Advances in Forestry Science, 10(4), 2109–2118. https://doi.org/10.34062/afs.v10i4.15638

Gamil, Y., & Rahman, I. A. (2021). Studying the relationship between causes and effects of poor communication in construction projects using PLS-SEM approach. Journal of Facilities Management, 21(1), 102–148. https://doi.org/10.1108/jfm-04-2021-0039

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In our private lives, our response to such difficult circumstances may be to yell or withdraw into a corner and wallow in self-pity for a while. However, these kinds of actions might harm both your productivity and your professional reputation at work.

It might be difficult to deal with disappointment or dissatisfaction at work. These are the emotions that are most likely affecting your productivity out of all the ones you may experience at work. After a significant setback, you'll likely be drained of energy and reluctant to take risks, that may keep you from achieving what you want. In an organization that has to deal with department changes, staff layoffs, and limited funds, difficulties are all too common. In certain situations, it could get more difficult for you to handle feelings, but it's even more crucial to do.

According to Ke, S. W., Tsai, C. F., & Chen, Y. J. (2024), it makes sense that emotional intelligence and leadership go in tandem. The principles of charisma or transformational leadership form the foundation for most of the leadership theories in practice today. Inspiring and motivating, intellectually stimulating, and providing personalized attention and support, transformational leaders project a vision that their followers embrace and believe in. The vision must be clearly stated and identified by transformational leaders before they can mobilize their supporters.

In my opinion, whatever happens in our lives to some extent will indeed affect our emotions. However, we need to learn to control our emotions, especially when faced with challenges at work that are full of tasks that always come suddenly and require a very urgent response. As a staff intermediary between subordinate staff and superior staff, I always act as a mediator in communication to ensure that instructions can be implemented effectively. However, there are times when the situation is out of control when other staff who have a tough character dominate the situation and always reason to ensure that tasks that require cooperation are not carried out within the specified period.

Ke, S. W., Tsai, C. F., & Chen, Y. J. (2024). Managing Emotion In The Workplace: An Empirical Study With Enterprise Instant Messaging. Applied Artificial Intelligence, 38(1), 2297518.

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Conflict is a normal and unavoidable component of human interactions. Differences in values, objectives, beliefs, personalities, and cultures can all contribute to it. Other factors that might lead to conflict include miscommunication, conflicting interests, and misconceptions.

According to Kilag, O. K., Largo, J., Rabillas, A., Kilag, F., Angtud, M. K., Book, J. F., & Sasan, J. M. (2024), although conflict is unavoidable because of human nature and is influenced by both external and internal variables, it may still be controlled by making changes. To reduce any risky implications within the home and workplace situations, the program supervisors should try to minimize any unfavorable components of the program.

When one's own self-interest and that of others are out of balance, conflict results. Conflict can be characterized as when objectives or behaviors aren't consistent. Conflict prevention is a sign of ignorance, denial, or lack of real concern for others in people or organizations. Every dispute arises from the failure to acknowledge the basic human values of respect and equality. In conflict, people see the opposing party's losses as their benefits. Confronting disagreement head-on and adopting an open-minded approach can help to remove inequalities, foster individual growth, and enhance relationships.

In my opinion, conflict at work can also be seen from a positive angle. When a conflict occurs between superior staff and subordinate staff, it will provide an opportunity for both sides to understand each other's needs and understanding from different points of view. Nevertheless, this conflict situation should be managed with a professional and open attitude. Incidents that happen in the office need to be resolved in the office and should not drag on until it create an ineffective work environment. Everyone should respect each other's views in matters to resolve conflicts that occur in management. If there is no solution, it should be referred to a higher authority. However, conflicts that often arise and are not controlled can create a toxic atmosphere in the workplace and this will weaken the motivation of staff to work.

Kilag, O. K., Largo, J., Rabillas, A., Kilag, F., Angtud, M. K., Book, J. F., & Sasan, J. M. (2024). Administrators’ Conflict Management and Strategies. International Multidisciplinary Journal of Research for Innovation, Sustainability, and Excellence (IMJRISE), 1(1), 60-67.

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Chapter 10: Organisational Change and Leadership Processes

After perusing this particular chapter, I am fully understood that change is crucially pertinent towards any organization, either the ones which operate in public or private sector.  This is important to maintain organizational competitiveness and to ensure its survival in the market.  In short, it relates to the effort of organizations to maintain its position.  The term “organizational change” describes how an organization shifts from one state to another.  Change may be pursued by organizations due to numerous internal and external factors such as rising competition, change in the market and changing sentiments of customers or stakeholders.  Nevertheless, organizational change brought along uncertainties which may impose difficulties among employees.

Hence, when an organization is changing, it must take into account on how its employees will respond to the change, including how committed they are to it.  Employee support for organizational change is influenced by a number of elements, including their commitment to the changes.  To enhance employees’ commitment towards process of organizational change, leaders must play their roles effectively.  A leader is crucial to the change process because they manage relationships, coordinate change, adjust operational actions to plans, create frameworks, and create incentives that would motivate employees to provide their undivided commitment towards the change efforts.

In order for any organization to effectively navigate the increasingly competitive market, leadership has become essential.  It takes into account the notion that organizational leaders are frequently seen as advocates for change.  The process of continuous transformation occurring inside their particular firms needs to be maintained by senior management on an ongoing basis.  Furthermore, the primary responsibility of a leader is to serve as a mentor and give directives to followers in order to achieve the goals of the company.  As a result, in order to accomplish positive outcomes and boost staff commitment and loyalty to the company, the leadership must always engage with and motivate the workers.

REFERENCES

Engida, Z. M., Alemu, A. E., & Mulugeta, M. A. (2022). The effect of change leadership on employees’ readiness to change: the mediating role of organizational culture. Future Business Journal, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-022-00148-2.

Junnaid, M. H., Miralam, M. S., & Vikram, J. (2020). Leadership and organizational change management in unpredictable situations in responding to COVID-19 pandemic. (Special Issue.). International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 11(16). https://doi.org/10.14456/itjemast.2020.322.

Neil Shah. (2023). A Literature Review on Leadership Style and Organizational Change Management. Journal of Business and Management Research, 2(2). 937–958. https://jbmr.com.pk/index.php/Journal/article/view/77.

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Chapter 9: Conflict Management Processes

In Chapter 9, I have learned about the presence of conflict in organizations which is irrefutably could not be avoided.  In my opinion, conflict arise due to the existence of social interactions in any venue especially in organizations.  A conflict arises when two or more individuals or organizations interact, and one of the parties must believe that the other is acting contrary to its own interests.  For example, A might has contrasting opinion on a certain topic compared to his colleague, B.   Thus, it will create tension among the individuals.  The presence of conflicts will eventually provide positive or negative impact on organizational communication.  Hence, every member of organization must master conflict management skills to ensure negative impact of the said conflicts towards organizational performance may be avoided.  Measures that can restrict, lessen, and contain a dispute without necessarily solving it are referred to as conflict management styles.

Furthermore, based on my observation, teams with conflicting members may have less mutual understanding and, as a result, be less committed to completing duties.  Additionally, it makes workers irritable, suspicious, and bitter.  This will have a detrimental effect on the group members' loyalty to the organization, which will raise their intention to quit. To increase organizational commitment to the organization, disagreement must be handled skillfully. Seeking out the team members' collaboration and support is one strategy for resolving conflict.

Therefore, good communication skills are essential for effectively resolving conflict, both at home and at business, since they foster mutual comprehension of the difficult circumstances and lower the likelihood of erroneous generalizations. Without efficient communication, nothing in an organization can be accomplished.  Effective communication is essential for both healthy interpersonal relationships and efficient organizational operations.  Effective communication within an organization is directly and favorably impacted by conflict management. This implies that successful conflict management will raise the standard of corporate communication.

REFERENCES

Madalina, O. (2016). Conflict Management, a New Challenge. Procedia Economics and Finance. 39. 807-814. https://10.1016/S2212-5671(16)30255-6.

Mohd Fitri Mansor1, Asma Farhana Zakaria, Noor Hidayah Abu & Khairun Nisa’ Khairuddin. (2021). Determinants Of Conflict in Organization: A Study of Beverages Industry. Proceedings of Malaysian Technical Universities Conference on Engineering and Technology (MUCET) 2021. 315-316. https://crim.utem.edu.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/155-315-3161.pdf.

Nawangsari, L. C., Sutawidjaya, A., & Nawangsari, L. (2018). The effect of styles of leadership, conflict management and communication organization to team performance. International Journal of Humanities, Social Sciences and Education, 5(7).1-8. https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0381.0507001.

Tabassi, A. A., Abdullah, A., & Bryde, D. J. (2018). Conflict management, team coordination, and performance within multicultural temporary projects: evidence from the construction industry. Project Management Journal, 50(1). 101–114. https://doi.org/10.1177/8756972818818257.

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Chapter 3: The Difference between Classical Management Theories

In my opinion, an organization's efficiency can be increased by utilizing the management ideas that Federick Taylor has offered.  Taylor offered a revolutionary scientific approach to improve management of organizations at that point of time.  Taylor emphasized the importance of both employee and manager’s performance at the operational level of the organization and supervision level management.  Rather than forcing employees to work excessive hours, Taylor introduced job optimization which led to their increased production and efficiency.  According to the Taylor scientific management theory, increasing productivity might be achieved via streamlining and optimizing tasks.  In short, Taylor’s focused on scientific approach which will help employees to increase their productivity in the most effective way.

In contrast with Taylor’s scientific approach, another influential figure of classical management theories, Henry Fayol presented 14 management principles which are closely associated with his intention to enhance organizational effectiveness.  These guidelines led Fayol to the conclusion that, in order to plan and regulate production, management should communicate with staff in five fundamental ways; planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating and controlling.  Based on my personal observation and working experience, Fayol’s idea remained relevant in current market.

Differed with Taylor’s and Fayol’s classical theories, Max Weber’s idea of bureaucracy considered the most controversial and criticized by many.  However, Weber’s idea of bureaucracy remained significant either in private or public organizations today.  For instance, most of public agencies in Malaysia continues to utilize bureaucracy as foundation of their organizational structures and operation.  According to Weber, organizing a group of people into a tight hierarchy under stringent rules and regulations is the best way to operate an organization.  In order for larger businesses to attain maximum efficiency with a large number of people and activities, Weber felt that bureaucracy was the most effective approach to set up and administer an organization.

REFERENCES

Dar, S. A. (2022). The Relevance of Taylor’s Scientific Management in the Modern Era. Journal of Psychology and Political Science (JPPS), 2(06). 1–6. https://doi.org/10.55529/jpps.26.1.6.

Majhi, P. & Dansana, A. (2021). Understanding Schools in The Context of Classical and Neoclassical Theories of Management. The Online Journal of Distance Education and e-Learning, 9(1). 181-185. https://www.tojdel.net/journals/tojdel/articles/v09i01/v09i01-19.pdf.

Nhema, A. G. (2015). Relevance of Classical Management Theories to Modern Public Administration: A review. Journal of Public Administration and Governance, 5(3), 165. https://doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v5i3.8337.

Sarker, M. S. I. & Khan, M. R. A. (2013). Classical and neoclassical approaches of management: An overview. IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM), 14(6). 1-5. https://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jbm/papers/Vol14-issue6/A01460105.pdf

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Chapter 2: Classical Approaches to Management Theory and Human Relation Theory

Learning theories related to management clearly provided me with the much-needed knowledge to help create and enhance my understanding towards Chapter 2 which discussed on Classical Approaches to Management Theory and Human Relation Theory.  In general, classical approaches to the theory of management debated on a management philosophy that clearly encourages production and efficiency in businesses.  The classical theory of management originated during the Industrial Revolution of the 19th century.  However, the classical approaches clearly ignored employee social needs and job satisfaction, since it sees employees' demands as purely economic and physical.  In summary, these approaches strived to maximize profits made by businesses to enhancement of productivity level of organizations.

Numerous notable figures contributed to the development and shaping of classical management theory.  However, based on my understanding, the most renowned of all are Frederick Taylor, Henri Fayol and Max Weber.  Regardless, as the chapter also discussed on Human Relation Theory, personally I admired management thinkers such as Elton Mayo who are responsible for development of this theories.  Employers and workers both gains positively from the human relations approach, which places a strong emphasis on treating workers well. It acknowledges that the culture of the organization is a social structure to which every individual member contributes.

According to Human Relations Theory, job satisfaction plays a crucial role in motivating individuals and increasing their productivity.  Viewed as a social system, the organization consists of formal components like the organizational structure as well as informal components like interactions among members of the group. Because it increases workplace and employee morale, an organization is said to benefit from the human relations approach.  Furthermore, employee engagement in the decision-making process is increased with the assistance of Human Relations Theory.  In addition, improving communication in the workplace is one of the approach's significant benefits.

REFERENCES

Adebayo, Oluwatosin. (2020). Evaluate The Influence of Classical and Human Relations Approaches in Management Today. Management, 1. 1-15.

Castellanos Polo, Orlando. (2023). Analysis of the Classical Management Approach, a Descriptive View. 17-24. https://10.59890/ijaeam.v1i1.111.

Karakoç, F. (2021). Critical view of the division of labor and specialization in classical management theory. Uluslararası Yönetim Akademisi Dergisi, 3(3). 669–685. https://doi.org/10.33712/mana.769636.

Omolawal, Samuel. (2023). Human Relations Theory: Implications For Effective Human Resource Management. 5. 1-8.

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Siti Noraiehan Abd Karim E22D053F            MBT10303 MANAGING ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION    

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Siti Noraiehan Abd Karim E22D053F            MBT10303 MANAGING ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION    

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Chapter 1: The Challenge of Organizational Communication

During the lesson in week one, it’s discussing how important and complex communication within organizations has become, due to factors like globalization, terrorism, climate change, and changing demographics.

Globalization making effective cross-cultural communication necessary to bridge differences and encourage collaboration. Coca-Cola is the world’s best-known beverage company focus on expanding customer acceptance in worldwide. According to Grgić (2022), the company embraces cultural differences and tailors its communication to meet local market needs  and implements a strategy, combining international and global strategies to localize its brand in foreign markets (Grgić, 2022).

Climate change has raised awareness of environmental issues and has pushed organization to communicate their sustainability efforts and commitments to stakeholders. Terrorism threats have increased the need for clear and timely communication within organizations and with external stakeholders, while changing demographics, like an aging workforce require organizations to adapt their communication strategies to meet diverse needs, preferences, and expectations.

In my professional life, climate change has raised awareness of environmental issues and has pushed my organization to communicate our sustainability efforts and commitments to stakeholders. By openly discussing environmental initiatives, such as water conservation, and zero net carbon initiatives, we can build trust and credibility with our stakeholders (Ranhill Utilities Berhad, 2022).  I realized that climate change has a significant impact on the communication strategies of organizations like mine, which focuses on treated water supply. I will also strive to be more conscious of my water usage and environmental impact, as it directly relates to the mission of our organization.

References:

Grgić, J. (2022). Coca-Cola internationalization strategies. Faculty of Economics and Business University of Zagreb, 73. https://repozitorij.efzg.unizg.hr/islandora/object/efzg%3A5858/datastream/PDF/view

Ranhill Utilities Berhad. (2022). Consolidating strengths. Sustainability Report. https://doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2014.75

Date

May 2024

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Siti Noraiehan Abd Karim E22D053F            MBT10303 MANAGING ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION      

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Siti Noraiehan Abd Karim E22D053F            MBT10303 MANAGING ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION      

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Chapter 2: Classical Approaches to Management

Chapter 2 lesson on classical approaches to management and organizational communication was insightful. The machine metaphor, the idea of comparing organizations to well-running machines, where every part does its specific job effectively, was an interesting concept. Henri Fayol's Theory of Classical Management, with its emphasis on management elements, principles, structure, power, rewards, and attitude, provided a structured framework for understanding organizational dynamics.

Max Weber's Theory of Bureaucracy, with its hierarchical and rule-based structure, and Frederick Taylor's Theory of Scientific Management, which focuses on increasing efficiency through systematic analysis of work processes, further highlighted the classical approach's emphasis on structure, order, and efficiency.

While these classical approaches have evolved over time, their influence can still be seen in many organizations today. In the book "Organizational Studies: Implications for Strategic Management," the book aim to analyze the evolution of organizational studies by utilizing a historical and theoretical approach .

This analysis relates to the increasingly frequent and significant changes occurring in the social, economic, and technological environments in which organizations operate (Valeri, 2021).

As I reflect on these concepts, I realize the importance of striking a balance between classical principles and modern communication practices that encourage employee engagement, participation, and flexibility. In my own organization, we will strive to incorporate elements of these classical approaches, such as clear structure and goal-setting, while also fostering an environment that values open communication, collaboration, and innovation.

Furthermore, in my personal life, I will be mindful of the classical management concepts, and I will adapt my communication style to suit different contexts and situations effectively.

Overall, this lesson has provided me with valuable insights into the historical foundations of organizational communication and management, and has challenged me to consider how these principles can be applied and adapted in a modern context.

References:

Valeri, M. (2021). Organizational Studies: Implications for the Strategic Management. December, 119. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87148-2

Date

May 2024

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Siti Noraiehan Abd Karim E22D053F            MBT10303 MANAGING ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION          

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Siti Noraiehan Abd Karim E22D053F            MBT10303 MANAGING ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION          

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Chapter 3: The Difference Between A Classical Management Theory & A Human Relations Theory

As a corporate communications practitioner in the treated water sector, I often find myself thinking about the various theories that guide management practice. In my organization, classical management theory is evident in its hierarchical structure and emphasis on streamlining processes to ensure efficient water treatment and distribution services.

This theory mainly aims to improve the methods and techniques used in the workplace to achieve higher output. It emphasizes the importance of clear reporting lines, standardization, and separation of ownership and management responsibilities.

According to Post et al. (2020), Classical Management Theory emphasizes a top-down approach to management, where decision-making authority is centralized at the top levels of the organization and views employees as rational economic beings motivated primarily by financial incentives and job security.

On the other hand, Human Relations Theory, acknowledges that employees are individuals with unique needs and goals. A positive work environment, effective communication, and employee involvement can lead to higher job satisfaction, commitment, and overall productivity. In my role as a corporate communication practitioner, I often apply the principles of Human Relations Theory by practice open communication, promoting teamwork, and addressing employee concerns to create a supportive and inclusive work culture.

I believe that a balance between these two approaches is crucial for the success of our organization. I must continue to optimize the processes and strive for efficiency, must also prioritize employee engagement, communication, and support. Ultimately, as a team, we can create a positive work environment that create collaboration and innovation, leading to better performance and a more sustainable treated water supply organization.

These theories provide a framework for me to navigate the style of organizational management and communication, ensuring that I can effectively contribute to the growth and success of organization.

References:

Post, C., Sarala, R., Gatrell, C., & Prescott, J. E. (2020). Advancing Theory with Review Articles. Journal of Management Studies, 57(2), 351–376. https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12549

Date

May 2024

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Siti Noraiehan Abd Karim E22D053F        MBT10303 MANAGING ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION             

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Siti Noraiehan Abd Karim E22D053F        MBT10303 MANAGING ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION             

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Chapter 9: Conflict Management

This chapter introduces the concept of conflict and its importance in the workplace, emphasizing the need for effective conflict management. These chapter explores the key components of conflicts, including incompatible goals, interdependent behaviors, the role of interaction, and the expression of incompatibility.

Four main phases of organizational conflict involve latent, perceived, felt, manifest, and conflict aftermath. It helps in understanding the progression and manifestation of conflicts in the workplace.

According to GaneshKumar (2021), conflict is a normal and regular part of the workplace. This happens in every business. For any group that wants to achieve its goals, conflict is inevitable. Although differences may occur, the effect is not necessarily negative. Conflicts can create loopholes. Conflict forces us to think more critically, more creatively, achieve deeper understanding and seek alternative approaches that are more efficient, sustainable and effective.

For me, understanding and managing conflicts are essential skills to maintain a harmonious work environment. When thinking about the conflict management process, I wanted to address a situation in my work environment that involved a manager lacking understanding of their role and responsibilities. This manager's background was different from a job description, leading to unfinished tasks and extra burdens on my shoulders. In my situation, the mismatch in our roles and responsibilities, which has not been openly addressed. My manager might not be aware of the impact their actions have on my workload, while I feel overwhelmed by the additional tasks.

However, to address the solution I openly discuss the issue with my manager, expressing my concerns and the impact it has on my workload. Sometimes to meet the crucial deadlines. I seek assistance from higher management, if needed, to mediate the conflict and ensure a fair resolution.

Through this process, I have experienced the importance of open communication, active listening, and empathy in managing conflicts to create a more balanced work environment and promoting growth in the workplace.

Reference:

GaneshKumar, D. (2021). Effectiveness of Conflict Management Games and Activities in Workplace. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education, 12(11), 395–400.

Date

May 2024

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Siti Noraiehan Abd Karim E22D053F MBT10303 MANAGING ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION           

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Siti Noraiehan Abd Karim E22D053F MBT10303 MANAGING ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION           

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Chapter 10: Organizational Change & Leadership Processes

According to Peng et al. (2021), cultural factors, such as individualist versus collectivist cultures, can impact the effectiveness of transformational leadership in organizational change. Studies in eastern collectivist cultures and western individualist cultures have shown variations in how transformational leadership influences change reaction.

Therefore, leadership can be seen as an encouraging factor for people to constantly change and push them into change. Leadership plays a role in an organization to motivate and encourage employees to maintain and adapt to the business environment, to ensure the organization's development and innovation. (Hao & Yazdanifard, 2015)

As a corporate communications practitioner at a treated water company, understanding the natural cycle of an organization and responses to change is essential to effective communication. In line with the learning syllabus, my organization follows a structured approach with 4 steps to communicating organizational change:

First, we share a vision that clearly stated purpose and direction change, ensuring clarity and consistency across the organization. Second, we tell a success story that engages and inspires employees, highlighting the logic of change and its potential benefits.

Third, we empower members of the organization by making them heroes of change, recognizing their contributions, and pride through a various of programs and activities. Finally, we chart a clear path forward, outlining the steps, milestones, and resources needed to implement change.

By knowing the learning content and outcomes of the Leadership Process and Organizational Change, I can gain knowledge that will help me navigate future changes in the organization and improve my effectiveness in communicating with internal and external stakeholders.

References:

Hao, M. J., & Yazdanifard, R. (2015). How Effective Leadership can Facilitate Change In Organizations through Improvement & Innovation. Global Journal of Management and Business Research: A Administration and Management, 15(9), 0–6.

Peng, J., Li, M., Wang, Z., & Lin, Y. (2021). Transformational Leadership and Employees’ Reactions to Organizational Change: Evidence From a Meta-Analysis. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 57(3), 369–397. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886320920366

Date

May 2024

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Organizational Change & Leadership Processes

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Negotiation and bargaining are formal activities that require a clear understanding of the rules involved. This process typically involves representatives from different parties and is commonly used to resolve conflicts between groups or organizations. There are two main types of bargaining: distributive bargaining, which focuses on dividing resources, and integrative bargaining, which seeks to find mutually beneficial solutions.

According to Indeed (2022), Conflicts are a prevalent occurrence in various work environments, and while they can sometimes lead to positive outcomes such as innovation and growth, it is crucial to possess strong negotiation skills to effectively navigate through these challenging situations. Negotiation during conflicts is essential in order to find a fair and satisfactory resolution that satisfies all parties involved.

It is in my belief that negotiating is important for us to learn about self reflection. I learned to know about my self better when I reflect to what have happened and started to negotiate with people around me for a win-win situation.

Reference:

Pérez-Yus M. C., Ayllón-Negrillo E., Delsignore G., Magallón-Botaya R., Aguilar-Latorre A., Oliván Blázquez B. (2020). Variables Associated With Negotiation Effectiveness: The Role of Mindfulness. Front Psychol.

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Communication plays a crucial role in the process of change. There are numerous decisions that need to be made regarding how to effectively communicate during times of change. Different forms of communication media can be utilized to ensure that the message reaches the intended audience. It is also important for change agents to carefully consider who they need to communicate with throughout the change process. Making informed decisions about communication is essential for successful implementation of change initiatives.

I believe that changes in organization will have the employees to face a lot of challenges including uncertainty. When I was working in a batik factory, an immediate changes need to be done resulting to the change of color because of its unsuitable color combination. However, the new color combination does not guarantee any perfect work which resulted to uncertainty of the outcomes from the changes.

Errida and Lotfi (2021) asserted that in today's ever-changing and intricate business landscape, organizations are constantly seeking to evolve and adjust their strategies to align with the shifting conditions. This often entails making substantial investments in order to implement necessary changes to stay competitive. However, they also added that navigating change can be a challenging and uncertain process, leading many companies to encounter difficulties and fall short of achieving their desired results.

Reference:

Errida A, Lotfi B. (2021). The determinants of organizational change management success: Literature review and case study. International Journal of Engineering Business Management. 13.

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Decision making plays a pivotal role in the functioning of any organization, as it impacts every aspect of the business from its strategic direction to day-to-day operations. The process involves evaluating different options and choosing the most suitable one to achieve the organization's goals. Successful decision making can drive the organization towards success, helping it gain a competitive edge and foster growth. On the other hand, poor decision making can lead to missed opportunities and detrimental results. According to Kozioł-Nadolna and Beyer (2021), in today's fast-paced and competitive business environment, the ability to make sound decisions is crucial for the overall success of an organization.

As a member of the younger generation within my company, I often hesitate to voice my opinions or make decisions, feeling uncertain about my level of reliability in such crucial matters. Despite this, the leadership team consistently pushes me to build my confidence, recognizing the potential for young individuals to bring fresh, creative, and innovative ideas to the forefront and ultimately contribute to the company's success in the public eye.

Thus, I believe my role in the company is important including in decision making process because everyone’s opinion does matter no matter what your age are.

Reference:

Kozioł-Nadolna, K. & Beyer, K. (2021). Determinants of the decision-making process in organizations, Procedia Computer Science, 192.

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In the lesson, I learned that the the climate change has become a crucial issue that necessitates organizations to communicate their sustainability efforts and environmental responsibility. This course underscored the importance of organizations not only adopting sustainable practices but also effectively conveying these initiatives to stakeholders. It emphasized the significance of transparency in environmental reporting and proactive communication about sustainability efforts in establishing trust and showcasing corporate responsibility. This part of the course emphasized the importance of organizations aligning their communication strategies with their environmental values and actions.

The excessive consumption of natural resources has caused environmental issues, leading to a growing demand for a more sustainable, circular, and digital future. Global warming, resulting from human actions, is a pressing concern impacting populations worldwide and has become a top priority in international affairs (Huang et al., 2021). National governments and society have long recognized the importance of addressing this issue (Petrović and Lobanov 2020), and corporate leaders are increasingly focusing on environmental issues, including the urgent need for greener business practices (Keszey, 2020).

Thus, it is imporant for companies to be transaprent regarding environment issue due to the current cilamte change. With all the awareness spred, it is possible to save the environment.

References:

Huang, J., Zhao J. & Cao, J. (2021). Environmental regulation and corporate R & D investment — evidence from a quasi-natural experiment. Int. Rev. Econ. Finance, 72 (3688), pp. 154-174,

Keszey, T. (2020). Environmental orientation, sustainable behaviour at the firm-market interface and performance.

J. Clean. Prod. 243.

Petrović, P., Mikhail M. L. (2020). The impact of R&D expenditures on CO 2 emissions: evidence from sixteen OECD countries. J. Clean. Prod. 248

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Chapter 8: DECISION MAKING PROCESSES

In the dynamic world of organizational management, effective decision-making is crucial. The chapter highlights the complex processes that shape decisions within organizations. Understanding these processes is not just an academic exercise but a practical necessity for anyone in a leadership role. The chapter clarifies how effective communication can significantly impact the quality and efficiency of decisions made by teams and leaders.

The chapter emphasizes that decision-making is not a solitary act but a collaborative process influenced by various factors such as organizational culture, individual biases and communication patterns (Miller & Barbour, 2021). This insight resonated with me because it underscores the importance of fostering an inclusive environment where diverse perspectives are valued. In my role as the Head of the Publishing Department at ITBM, I have come to appreciate that the best decisions often emerge from a cacophony of ideas rather than a single voice.

One key concept that struck me was the "garbage can model" of decision-making, which suggests that problems, solutions, participants and choice opportunities are independent streams that come together at certain times to make decisions (Miller & Barbour, 2021). This model challenges the traditional linear view of problem-solving and highlights the role of timing and context in decision-making. In the fast-paced publishing industry, where market trends and reader preferences can shift rapidly, this model feels particularly relevant.

Reflecting on this, I realize that my department's decisions, from selecting manuscripts to devising marketing strategies, are not just about matching problems with solutions. They are also about seizing opportunities when all the right elements align. This understanding has prompted me to encourage my team to stay alert to emerging trends and be ready to pivot our strategies when the moment is right.

Moreover, the chapter's discussion on cultural sensitivity in decision-making processes is enlightening. In an increasingly globalized publishing landscape, understanding how different cultures approach decisions is not just respectful–it is strategic. This knowledge has guided me in tailoring our communication and decision-making processes when dealing with international authors, translators and markets.

In conclusion, this chapter has reinforced that effective decision-making in my role at ITBM's Publishing Department goes beyond individual judgment. It is about nurturing a culture that values diverse inputs, recognizes the complexity of the decision-making process and remains sensitive to cultural distinctions. By embracing these principles, I believe we can enhance our decision-making processes, steer our department towards more informed, inclusive and timely decisions, and lead to more successful publications and a more engaged team.

References:

Miller, K. I., & Barbour, J. B. (2021). Organizational communication: Approaches and processes (8th ed.). Cengage Learning.

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Chapter 9: CONFLICT MANAGEMENT PROCESSES

In today's fast-paced work environment, conflicts are inevitable. This chapter sheds light on conflict management processes, a topic crucial for leaders. The chapter emphasizes that conflict, while often viewed negatively, can be a catalyst for growth, innovation and strengthen relationships when managed effectively.

One key insight is the distinction between task-related and relationship-related conflicts. Task conflicts, focusing on work issues, can lead to better decision-making by encouraging diverse perspectives. Conversely, relationship conflicts, rooted in personal incompatibilities, can harm team cohesion and productivity. As Brinkert (2020) notes, "Understanding the type of conflict is the first step in selecting an appropriate resolution strategy" (p. 45).

The chapter outlines various conflict management styles: competing, collaborating, compromising, accommodating and avoiding. Each style has its place, depending on the situation's urgency, importance of relationships, and power dynamics. Reflecting on this, I realized that my default mode in conflicts has been compromising, seeking middle ground to maintain harmony. However, this may not always yield the best outcomes, especially in task‑related conflicts where robust debate can lead to superior solutions.

Moreover, the chapter highlights the role of cultural differences in conflict perception and resolution. In multicultural teams, what one culture sees as healthy debate, another might view as disrespectful confrontation. This insight is particularly relevant in Malaysia's diverse publishing landscape.

As the Head of the Publishing Department at ITBM, these insights are invaluable. In our work, conflicts often arise over editorial decisions, design choices or project timelines. Understanding that task-related conflicts can improve our publications' quality, I will encourage open, respectful debates. However, I will be vigilant in identifying and addressing any relationship conflicts that could undermine our team's cohesion. Additionally, given our diverse team and global audience, I will strive to foster a conflict management approach that respects cultural differences, ensuring all team members feel heard and valued. By applying these principles, we can turn potential conflicts into opportunities for creating more engaging and impactful publications.

References:

Brinkert, R. (2020). Conflict coaching: Advancing the conflict resolution field by developing an individual disputant process. Conflict Resolution Quarterly, 37(1), 45-56. https://doi.org/10.1002/crq.21260

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Chapter 4: SYSTEM APPROACHES

Chapter 4 of our course, "System Approaches", has strongly impacted my understanding of organizational communication. The chapter emphasizes that organizations are not just a collection of individuals but complex, interconnected systems where communication plays a pivotal role (Miller & Barbour, 2021). This perspective has reshaped my view of how information flows within my workplace.

The most intriguing concept for me was the idea of "equifinality", which suggests that in open systems like organizations, there can be multiple paths to achieve the same goal. This notion challenges the traditional linear thinking I often encounter in the publishing industry. For instance, when planning a book launch, I used to believe there was one "best" way to do it. Now, I recognize that various strategies–digital marketing, author tours or influencer partnerships–can all lead to a successful launch.

Another key takeaway is the importance of feedback loops in maintaining system balance. In the publishing world, feedback from readers, reviewers and booksellers is crucial. However, I realized we often focus more on positive feedback and downplay criticisms. This chapter has taught me that negative feedback is equally valuable for system adjustment and growth.

As the Head of the Publishing Department at ITBM, these insights are transformative. I now see our department not as a standalone unit but as an integral part of the ITBM ecosystem. Our decisions ripple through other departments, from finance to marketing. By adopting a systems approach, I can foster better cross-departmental communication, making our workflows more efficient and responsive to market changes.

In conclusion, this chapter has equipped me with a fresh perspective to view organizational communication. It is not just about memos and meetings; it is about understanding and pacing through the complex web of relationships and processes that make up ITBM. By applying these principles, I aim to create a more adaptive, resilient publishing department that thrives in our ever-changing literary landscape.

Reference:

Miller, K. I., & Barbour, J. B. (2021). Organizational communication: Approaches and processes (8th ed.). Cengage Learning.

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Chapter 1: THE CHALLENGE OF ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION

This topic illustrates how communication serves as the foundation of organizational functioning (Barret, 2018). Clear communication, verbal and nonverbal, is one of the bases of successful organizations. However, misunderstandings, cultural differences and hierarchical structures can create choppy waters.

This chapter goes beyond the simple exchange of information. It emphasizes communication's role in building relationships and fostering a positive culture. Cultural sensitivity is crucial, as communication styles vary greatly. The text showcases how miscommunication in global companies can lead to problems, underlining the need for clear and culturally appropriate practices.

This structured approach, which analyses communication models and their limitations, relates well to our meticulous publishing department, where clarity is paramount. The accessible yet profound language embodies the principles of effective communication - simplicity with substance - ensuring that our message reaches our diverse audience.

The chapter also prompts self-reflection. Misunderstandings often stem from assumptions and unclear communication. This encourages adopting deliberate strategies like active listening and culturally appropriate messaging. It promotes a proactive approach to overcoming communication challenges, fostering continuous improvement – a mindset essential in my role as the Head of Publishing Department at ITBM.

The key takeaway is recognizing cultural distinctions in communication. Adaptability and sensitivity are crucial when navigating diverse environments, especially in our globalized publishing landscape. What is considered direct in one culture might be perceived as rude in another (Miller, 2020). This understanding is vital for creating an inclusive and harmonious workplace.

Equipped with these new insights, I am better equipped to navigate the complexities of organizational communication and steer the publishing department towards smoother sailing.

Reference:

Barrett, D. J. (2018). Organizational communication: Foundations, challenges, and misunderstandings. Routledge.

Miller, K. (2020). Organizational communication: approaches and processes. Wadsworth.

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CHAPTER 9 : ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE & LEADERSHIP PROCESSES

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CHAPTER 9 : ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE & LEADERSHIP PROCESSES

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This chapter talks about how organizations grow, change, and sometimes end. It shows different ways to change a company, but changing is not always easy. When things change, people in the company can feel unsure or upset.

Employees' feelings about change are influenced by what they think about the company and change itself. If they feel uneasy, it's important for leaders to help them feel better.

Leaders play a big role in handling change. Traditional ideas about leadership are not as popular anymore because they're too simple. New ideas say leaders need to be flexible and adapt to different situations. Leaders need to get support from management and deal with problems like resistance and uncertainty. Employees want to know what's going on, even if it's bad news.

Sometimes, things happen unexpectedly, like when a company has a crisis. It's important to talk to people inside and outside the company during this time.

Effective leaders communicate well. They use a clear vision and strong delivery style. Leadership is about framing meaning, understanding goals, and context. Communication builds leadership relationships, following the constitutive view of communication. Discursive leadership shows how leadership is built through interaction. According to Sonmez Cakir & Adiguzel (2020) good leaders improve organizations by sharing knowledge and enhancing performance.

Good communication is key for leaders. They need to share their vision clearly and confidently. They also need to understand the situation and use language that makes sense to everyone.

From my own experience managing finances for a bookshop in Malaysia, I saw how hard change can be. When many managers left suddenly, I had to help the remaining staff understand what was happening. It was tough, but it showed me how important good leadership and communication are during hard times.

Sonmez Cakir, F., & Adiguzel, Z. (2020). Analysis of Leader Effectiveness in Organization and Knowledge Sharing Behavior on Employees and Organization. Sage Open, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020914634

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WEEK 11- CHAPTER 11 -Processes of Emotion in the Workplace

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CHAPTER 11 - PROCESSES OF EMOTION IN THE WORKPLACE

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CHAPTER 11 - PROCESSES OF EMOTION IN THE WORKPLACE

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Last week, I studied Chapter 11, which focused on the processes of emotion in the workplace. The chapter was insightful, covering burnout, emotional labor, and the difference between surface acting and deep acting. I learned burnout is emotional, physical, and mental exhaustion from prolonged stress, leading to reduced productivity and motivation. My lecturer explained burnout is common in jobs requiring high emotional labor, managing feelings to meet job expectations. Surface acting fakes emotions, while deep acting tries to genuinely feel them. I took the burnout test from MindTools and scored 30, showing little sign of burnout but highlighting the importance of early intervention.

Reflecting on my own experience, I recall a situation at work where I had to entertain a customer buying a book. Despite having personal problems at home with my husband, I couldn’t show my distress at work. I had to put on a happy face and be pleasant to the customer. This is a clear example of surface acting, where I had to smile and act cheerful even though I was feeling upset inside.

According to Wahid, Mohd, and Omar (2023) on psychological capital (PsyCap), emotional labor, and burnout in Malaysia provided additional insights. It emphasized the importance of developing PsyCap, which includes self-efficacy, optimism, and resilience, to improve employee well-being and reduce burnout. The study highlighted that managing emotional labor effectively can lead to better job satisfaction and lower burnout rates.

Learning about these concepts helped me understand the emotional toll that surface acting can take, as constantly faking emotions can lead to emotional dissonance and burnout. Exercise and good food can make life better by boosting mood and energy, managing stress, and preventing burnout. In conclusion, balancing emotional labor and building psychological resilience helps employees stay well and perform better, creating a healthier and more productive work environment.

Wahid, A. S. A., Mohd, I. H., & Omar, M. K. (2023). Psychological Capital (PSYCAP), Emotional Labour, and Burnout in Malaysia: An Overview. Asian Journal of Management, Entrepreneurship and Social Science, 13(5).

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Burnout among staff in an organization is a significant issue that can impact productivity, well-being, and overall organizational health. Burnout is characterized by chronic workplace stress that has not been successfully managed, leading to physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion. Understanding its causes, symptoms, and strategies for prevention and management is crucial for maintaining a healthy work environment.

According to the 2022 Employee Wellness Report by human resource solutions supplier Employment Hero, over half of Malaysian employees acknowledged that they suffer from burnout as a result of their employment.

Nowadays, all staff including academicians need to be adept at managing their time, particularly in Malaysia where the demands of administrative work, research, and teaching can be very high. Academicians who practice effective time management can better balance their workloads, increase productivity, and lower their risk of burnout. According to Yassin, N.A.B.M (2015) a career as an academician especially as a lecturer lets them to have credibility in managing time well. This result is supported by Hasomi and Sarikhani (2010) that reported time management behavior of the Azad University academician has a significantly and negative relationship with burnout. Demographic factors indicate the lecturer in this study has a systematic schedule and good on arranging a time to take care of a job.

During this month, my faculty has time constraints to provide full accreditation documentation for the three academic programs offered, with a lack of skilled academic staff and experts in the document preparation process will cause staff in the faculty to experience pressure. In addition, at the same time, the academic staff has a commitment to teaching and learning for the current academic semester. Time constraints caused by errors in the preparation of curriculum review documentation have impacted the preparation of full accreditation documents that should have been prepared earlier. This also happened because there was a misunderstanding for the use of computer program standards and the new policy that came into effect had resulted in the focus of the faculty's annual work target being misguided.

From this situation, all staff had to work overtime and even had to sacrifice days off to ensure that documents were prepared within the set period. Good time management will be able to avoid stress with the workload in the office among staff. In addition, the staff must also be professional and committed in carrying out their duties at the same time the staff also need to take care of nutrition and rest time more effectively.

Effective time management is essential for Malaysian academicians to balance their diverse responsibilities and maintain productivity. By adopting personal strategies such as time blocking, prioritization, and self-care, and leveraging institutional support, academicians can enhance their efficiency and reduce the risk of burnout. The organization plays a crucial role in providing the necessary resources and creating a supportive environment that promotes effective time management practices.

Yassin, N. A. B. M. (2015) Time Management Behavior, Job Demand-Resources And Burnout Among Academicians.

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Management approach in an organization refers to how managers interact with employees, make decisions, and provide guidance. By understanding and applying various management theories, managers can choose the most appropriate strategies and practices to lead their organizations effectively.

There are two type of approaches in management; Classical Theory and Human Relation Approach. However there are similarities and differences between these two theories. According to Adebayo, O. (2020), the comparable aspect between classical theory and human approach to management is rare. The major similarity between both theories is the aspect of worker’s efficiency and better management systems. Both theories however differ in approach as the classical management theory is based on assumptions that people are driven by desires or needs.

Between these two theories, I had experience that the classical theory is related to me when I was at the Human Resource Department about then years ago when i'm working with my superior who was about 20 years older than me. During that time I was working like all had been operationalized with the current system and standard operating procedure at that time regardless I had to manage two major portfolios of financial and general management with only one subordinate.

I experienced that the management style at that time was like following what I needed to be done with minimal disruption in making decisions. While now I'm working with my superior who is around the same age as me, and her management style practice is more on the Human Relations Approach. By focusing on communication, involvement, recognition, and support this practice has created a work environment that fosters employee satisfaction, productivity, and loyalty among staff. I remember when my superior celebrated any program that we had done, she managed to prepare a gift for everyone to appreciate all staff. Sometimes, with small appreciation, staff will be motivated to contribute more for the organization.

Adebayo, O. (2020). Evaluate the influence of classical and human relations approaches in management today. Management, 1(2), 1-15.

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Movies like "Modern Times," "Brazil," and "Joe vs the Volcano" show us why it's important to treat people well at work, not just focus on getting things done quickly. These movies show how bad things can get when bosses are only interested in rules, numbers, and splitting jobs into tiny pieces. They forget that people have feelings and need to be treated with respect. My internships at the Jabatan Hal Ehwal Agama Islam Negeri Sembilan (JHEAINS) and Pejabat Pendidikan Daerah Seremban also showed me how important it is for people to talk to each other and for bosses to care about their workers. When everyone talks openly and bosses treat their workers fairly, things run much smoother. This makes sense because, as McGregor said in 1960, organizations are like groups of people who need to feel supported and understood. If workers feel valued and listened to, they're more likely to do a good job and help the organization reach its goals. So, the lessons from movies and real-life experiences show that the best way to run a company is to find a balance between getting things done and treating people well. This leads to happier workers and better results for the organization in the long run.

McGregor, D. (1960). Human side of Enterprise. McGraw-Hill Books.

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WEEK 7 - CHAPTER 8 : Decision-making Processes

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In organizations, decision-making is really important. It's about how things get done, how money and time are used, and how goals are met. People or groups look at different options and choose what to do. The way decisions are made can be different depending on how complicated they are, who's involved, and the culture of the organization. In the past, people thought decisions were all about being logical and sensible. But now, we know that feelings, instincts, and how people get along also play a big part. According to Sutaguna, Yusuf, Ardianto, and Wartono (2023), making good decisions is key for organizations to do well because it affects how efficiently they work, how creative they are, and how successful they become.

From my own work experience, I saw how decisions impact the organization. In one job, we made quick decisions as a team, which helped us feel involved and motivated. But sometimes, our manager made decisions alone, leading to frustration and less commitment from the team. This showed me the importance of involving team members in decision-making.

I also noticed that intuition and emotions play a role. For instance, we decided to take on a challenging project based on our gut feelings, and it turned out well. This taught me that good decision-making needs a mix of clear thinking, teamwork, and trusting your instincts. By involving everyone and considering both logical and emotional factors, organizations can make better decisions and be more successful.

Reference:

Sutaguna, I. N. T., Yusuf, M., Ardianto, R., & Wartono, P. (2023). The Effect Of Competence, Work Experience, Work Environment, And Work Discipline On Employee Performance. Asian Journal of Management, Entrepreneurship and Social Science, 3(1), 367-379.

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WEEK 6- CHAPTER 9 : CONFLICT MANAGEMENT PROCESSES

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CHAPTER 9 : CONFLICT MANAGEMENT PROCESSES

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CHAPTER 9 : CONFLICT MANAGEMENT PROCESSES

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Conflicts are everywhere, whether at work or in our personal lives. The chapter starts by looking at conflicts in organizations, explaining the different stages they go through and where they usually happen. Then, it talks about different ways to solve conflicts, like figuring out what type of conflict it is and using negotiation. It also says how important it is to get outside help, like mediators, to deal with conflicts effectively (Hossain, Uddin, Hasan, & Hasan, 2018). Throughout, it shows how our personal relationships and cultural differences affect how we deal with conflicts. Towards the end, it introduces a new way to look at conflicts called the feminist approach. Finally, it talks about different communication ideas that help us understand and solve conflicts.

Reflecting on my own experiences, I remember a tough situation I had while working with a boss who used mean language towards staff. Their behavior made the workplace toxic and affected how we worked together (Hossain, Uddin, Hasan, & Hasan, 2018). This reflection shows how important it is to handle conflicts with inclusivity and empathy. By recognizing and respecting different ways people communicate and see things, organizations can build a culture of working together respectfully.

Considering the different approach to conflicts suggested by feminist theorists and practitioners, I feel inspired to support fair practices in resolving conflicts. By embracing diversity and encouraging open conversations, we can use everyone's ideas to deal with conflicts well and make our organization successful.

Hossain, M., Uddin, M. K., Hasan, M. R., & Hasan, M. F. (2018). Conflict management and organizational performance: A synthesis of literature. Journal of Innovation & Development Strategy (JIDS), Volume number(Issue number), 56-67. http://surl.li/tvoqe

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WEEK3- CHAPTER 2 : CLASSICAL APPROACH IN ORGANIZATION COMMUNICATION

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CHAPTER 2: CLASSICAL APPROACH IN ORGANIZATION COMMUNICATION

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CHAPTER 2: CLASSICAL APPROACH IN ORGANIZATION COMMUNICATION

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Classical approaches to organizational communication are explored, including theories by Henri Fayol, Max Weber, and Frederick Taylor. These theories use the machine metaphor, seeing organizations as structured, efficient, and predictable like a machine. Fayol's Theory of Classical Management emphasizes planning, commanding, coordinating, controlling, and organizing. He also suggests principles to guide the structure, power relationships, rewards, and attitudes in an organization. Max Weber's Theory of Bureaucracy highlights the importance of rules and a clear hierarchy. Frederick Taylor's Theory of Scientific Management focuses on making tasks efficient and defining clear roles.

In my job as a Finance Executive at a Government-Linked Company (GLC) under the Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia, these principles are evident. I prepare detailed financial reports and submit them to my Finance Manager, who presents them to the CEO. This follows Fayol's principle of the scalar chain, meaning communication should move up and down a clear hierarchy (Ferdous, 2016). I am not allowed to communicate directly with the CEO; everything must go through my manager.

Reflecting on these theories, I see how they help organizations like mine run smoothly. The clear hierarchy and well-defined roles ensure everyone knows what they are supposed to do and who they report to. However, this structure can also create distance between different levels of the organization. I sometimes feel my ideas and insights do not reach higher management because of the many layers. This can be frustrating and make me feel undervalued.

To improve, organizations need a balance between clear rules and open communication. Recent studies suggest these old ideas are still useful, but we also need changes to encourage open communication and involvement from all levels (Ferdous, 2016). Classical theories provide a solid foundation, but they need adapting to fit modern needs.

Ferdous, J. (2016). Organization theories: From classical perspective. International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, 9(2), 1-5. https://www.ijbel.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/K9_11.pdf

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INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION

This week, I learned about the importance of organizational communication and its impact on the success of an organization. Effective communication is essential for building relationships, fostering collaboration and ensuring that everyone is on the same page.

One concept that stood out to me was the idea of communication as a two-way process (Shockley-Zalabak, 2022). In the past, I had always thought of communication as simply sending a message or speaking to someone. However, I now realize that listening and understanding the message that is being conveyed is just as important. This concept is supported by research that shows that effective listening can lead to better decision-making, increased productivity and improved relationships (Wood, 2015).

Another concept that I found interesting was the idea of communication barriers. There are several barriers to effective communication, including cultural differences, language barriers and noise. It is essential to be aware of these barriers and take steps to overcome them. For example, using clear and concise language, avoiding jargon and actively listening can help to overcome language barriers.

I also learned about the different communication channels, including face-to-face, e-mail, phone and video conferencing. Each channel has its advantages and disadvantages, and it is essential to choose the right channel for the message and audience. For example, face-to-face communication is best for complex or sensitive topics, while email is best for simple or routine messages.

Overall, I found this week's lesson on organizational communication to be insightful and relevant. Effective communication is critical for success in any organization, and I am looking forward to learning more about this topic in the coming weeks.

Reference:

Shockley-Zalabak, P. S. (2022). Fundamentals of organizational communication: knowledge, sensitivity, skills, values.

Wood, J. T. (2015). Interpersonal Communication: Everyday Encounters.

Cengage Learning.

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ENTRY 1: Micromanagement is the enemy of empowerment

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ENTRY 1: Micromanagement is the enemy of empowerment

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There are many theories and management styles that were adapted at the organization. It depends on who is appointed and what to achieve at a certain period. However, the management style also may differ together with the policies and top management approaches which are centralized. Adaptive management styles are crucial in today's fast-paced business environment, promoting innovation, employee engagement, and navigating workplace complexities, replacing rigid hierarchies with flexible, inclusive strategies.

In my work experience, I have been in several departments with different portfolios. From student management to facility development and now academic management. Every place I have been assigned, various management methods that I have gone through and one of the longest with me is related to academic management where I have to work with leaders who have higher academic qualifications and of course have different expectations in terms of perspectives and views. Apart from different age levels, ranks and educational backgrounds, each leader's management style is different and the mission and vision they bring. What I can conclude during my tenure is that young leaders are implementing micro-management methods.

I also found that the leader's lack of trust in middle management to carry out tasks sometimes interferes with the communication chain between executives and subordinates. According to Ryan, S., & Cross, C. (2024) the study reveals that millennials value opportunities to make their own decisions and trust in managers, with 89% describing managers taking all responsibility as undesirable. They also express dissatisfaction with micromanaging behaviors, with 90% expressing dissatisfaction when excluded from decision-making processes. Additionally, 89% of millennials show unfavorable followership behaviors, with managers reacting with hostility when opinions are voiced. The study suggests that millennials have an unfavorable attitude toward micromanagement in a participative workplace.

Ryan, S., & Cross, C. (2024). Micromanagement and its impact on millennial followership styles. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 45(1), 140-152.

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This week's lessons taught me a lot about how globalization makes it harder for organizations to talk to each other and about the important steps that were taken to make the clothing industry safer after the Rana Plaza collapse. I can think of similarities between these topics and my internships at the Enforcement Department of the Jabatan Hal Ehwal Agama Islam Negeri Sembilan and the Pejabat Pendidikan Daerah Seremban.
From my internships, I learned directly how important it is for organizations that work in diverse settings to communicate clearly. I related to the lecture video because it showed how important it is to understand and adapt to different culture norms in order to communicate effectively (Abramson et al., 2014). This is similar to what I've seen happen in the past, where adapting communication methods to the local situation was key to making sure projects went well.
According to the video, what happened after the Rana Plaza accident showed how important it is for countries to work together, safety rules to be strict, and trade unions to have more power to protect workers' rights and well-being. This terrible event shows how important it is for businesses to be aware of the world and act ethically (Locke et al., 2009). Even though my internships weren't directly connected to the clothing industry, the ideas of moral responsibility and the need for strict safety rules are universal and have had a huge impact on how I think about organizational accountability.
In conclusion, this week's courses showed me how globalization affects organizational communication and industry ethics. The significance of cultural awareness, effective communication, and ethical responsibility in a worldwide environment will define my future career.

References:

Locke, R., Amengual, M., & Mangla, A. (2009). Virtue out of necessity? compliance, commitment, and the improvement of labor conditions in global supply chains. Politics &amp; Society, 37(3), 319–351. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032329209338922

Abramson, N. R., Moran, R. T., & Moran, S. V. (2014). Managing Cultural Differences. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315871417

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During my first week learning about organizational communication, I realized how vital effective communication is for any organization's success, especially during my internship at Jabatan Hal Ehwal Agama Islam Negeri Sembilan - Enforcement Division. It's not just about sending messages, but also actively listening and understanding. This two-way process, helps build stronger relationships, fosters collaboration, and ensures everyone is aligned towards common goals.

I also discovered that communication isn't always straightforward. Factors like cultural differences, language barriers, and even noise can hinder understanding. This resonated with my experience at the Enforcement Division, where clear and concise language was crucial when interacting with diverse individuals from various backgrounds. The importance of intercultural communication competence in such settings is supported by research from Ting-Toomey & Dorjee (2019).

Additionally, I learned about different communication channels, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. For instance, face-to-face conversations were best for sensitive matters, while email worked well for routine updates. The significance of selecting appropriate communication channels for different purposes is explored in detail by (Brown & Starkey, 1994).

Overall, this first lesson has been insightful and directly applicable to my internship. By understanding the meaning of organizational communication, I can relate more effectively to the Enforcement Division's goals and enhance my future development.

Ting-Toomey, S., & Dorjee, T. (2019). Communicating across cultures. The Guilford Press.

Brown, A. D., & Starkey, K. (1994). The effect of organizational culture on Communication and information*. Journal of Management Studies, 31(6), 807–828. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.1994.tb00640.x

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Chapter 1: Challenging Organizational Communication

The first chapter outlined reality of organizational communication that is undeniably avoidable.  Referring to my personal experience, organizational communication activities are unquestionably challenging but highly important to attain and maintain an organization’s competitiveness.  As a leader of my unit at Ranhill SAJ Sdn Bhd, a private company which has been given the responsibility of supplying water services in Johor, I have encountered numerous challenges while conducting organizational communication activities.

For instance, the most challenging issue of communicating in my organization is one way communication practice that was commonly adopted by leaders.  Based on my understanding, one way communication is referring to the practice of leaders while communication with their subordinates as they failed to allow the employees feedbacks.  It is a common misconception that workers comprehend all of the information provided to them and never have questions.  This leads to communication issues in the workplace.  It is absurd that some managers continue to choose a communication system that does not allow for questions, comments, or feedback, despite this.  I have identified issues that will arise from the practice as it will reduce employee’s level of engagement, motivation and retention rates.

Another striking challenge may arise from organizational communication is generational barrier that has constantly contribute to communication issues in my workplace.  The difficulties that come up when people from various age groups contact and communicate are referred to as generational barriers to communication.  These obstacles frequently stem from disparities in communication preferences, values, and viewpoints between generations.  In my organizations, as the employees are comprised of combination of young and older generations, effectiveness of communication activities are commonly jeopardized due to differences of these generations.  While older generations could prefer more conventional means like in-person meetings or phone conversations, newer generations might prefer speedier, digital communication channels like emails or instant messaging. In my opinion, the secret to successful cross-generational communication is understanding and accommodating these differences.  In summary, effective management of organizational communication is considered essential as it is classified as major organizational activity that will attain and improve an organizational competitiveness.

REFERENCES

Ahmad Zawawi, A., Halim, F. W., Abd Khalid, N. D., & Mohamad Jamil, N. H. (2023). Assessing The Influence of Organizational Communication and Management on Healthcare Employee Performance: Evidence from Northern Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 23(2). 79–87. https://doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.23/no.2/art.2082.

Jamadi, Prabawani, B., Widiartanto, W., & Shinta Dewi, R. (2022). Identification of Communication Trends in Business Practices Efforts to Increase Productivity and Smooth Communication in the Workplace: Review What Evidences Say. Enrichment: Journal of Management, 12(4). 2467-2478. https://doi.org/10.35335/enrichment.v12i4.677.

Reidhead, C. (2021). Effective communication as a tool for achieving organizational goals and objectives. Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Studies, 04(04). https://doi.org/10.47191/jefms/v4-i4-07.

Samsudin, S., Taib, C. A., Razak, H. A., & Yusoff, R. Z. (2021). Patterns of internal communication in the implementation of Total Quality Management (TQM) at manufacturing organisations. Jurnal Komunikasi, Malaysian Journal of Communication, 37(4). 427–444. https://doi.org/10.17576/jkmjc-2021-3704-24.

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Greetings, students! As we venture into the borderless world, I’m excited to see the creativity and insights each one of you brings to this digital platform. Think of this as your canvas, a place to voice your thoughts, share experiences, and connect. Dive in, be genuine, and remember, every word has the power to inspire. Fill in your name in the section below. Hit + to create new post.

This assignment represents 25% of your total carry marks.

The purpose of this assignment is for you to demonstrate your understanding of the concepts and issues presented in this course.

Write a short reflective commentary similar to a journal or diary entry to capture the weekly lesson that you have learnt either through the lecture or prescribed reading materials/video clips on Padlet platform. A diary is a place to record our thoughts and worries about the world around us. You will relate to whatever you have learnt with your real-life experience.

The piece should not exceed 300 words per entry. 5 entries.

You have to sign up and create the layout just like the example I have set up in the link. Please include at least one (1) reference/citation to support your thoughts on each entry. You are expected to critically write based on your thoughts and related to the weekly topic that you have learned. Any attempt of plagiarism will result into getting zero (0) mark for this assessment. Remember to cite properly.

Format: per entry

Font: Free style

Word limit: 300 words.

References: You must include a separate page listing your references in APA format.

If you need help with APA style, try the OWL Purdue University website: https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/general_format.html

You must cite at least 1 reference for each entry (cite them from a reliable source. NO Wikipedia or similar sources. Google scholars and UMK MyAthens are good sources for finding good articles.

Deadline: Week 14.

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Chapter 1 (for illustration purposes only)

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A company's organizational communication system is essential to its operations and to building relationships among all of its members. Making sure that everyone understands the importance of the company's direction and why it matters is key. But at times, negotiating this communication landscape can be difficult. However, navigating this communication terrain can be challenging at times. Good communication means being clear, inspiring, and keeping things brief. Especially for leaders, it's important to tailor messages to different audiences and know what you want to achieve with each conversation. Tone and style matter too, they can make people feel heard and motivated, especially during tough times. According to Mayo, A and Margolis, J (as cited in Cote, C 2023), putting your organization's direction in writing is an essential first step towards determining its future course. You may make that direction a reality by sharing it with other people.

Looking back at my own experiences, I've noticed that sometimes these basics get forgotten. Leaders might forget that everyone is different and needs communication that resonates with them. But imagine if every leader knew how to communicate with empathy, clarity, and confidence. It has the potential to cultivate a workplace atmosphere that is supportive, where every individual feels appreciated and integral to a larger purpose. Effective communication goes beyond mere conversation; it involves nurturing a culture where everyone's contributions are valued, fostering a sense of connection among team members.

Cote, C. 5 Dimensions of Organizational Communication | HBS Online. (2023, February 7). Business Insights Blog. https://online.hbs.edu/blog/post/organizational-communication

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While procrastination might feel satisfying initially, it inevitably leads to heightened anxiety and diminished enjoyment when faced with a mountain of work at the eleventh hour. Moreover, the quality of your output may suffer as a result. Therefore, it's advisable not to delay in sharing your thoughts. Remember, you're only required to produce five posts. If you find any of the earlier chapters intriguing, feel free to reflect on them. This includes both primary and supplementary reading materials, as well as videos. So, don't leave it until the last minute. Keep posting!