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With physiological disorder diabetes  a service user may use the care setting of GP surgery. In this care setting their  GP's role in your diabetes care may vary but they will be a doctor who is usually your first point of contact for any health concerns. Generally, they coordinate your care and can refer you to specialists. If they're an expert in diabetes, you might see them a lot.  Service users with physiological asthma  will use the same care setting GP surgery  where they may help you with things like getting a diagnosis and  learning how to manage your asthma. getting asthma treatments and understanding how to use them.

Another care setting that could be used for physiological disorder diabetes  is hospital care, they may  nurses administer medications to patients in hospital. This may include injecting doses of insulin for diabetes patients. Some patients may prefer to give their insulin doses themselves while in hospital just as they do at home which is called self-administration. Similarly, physiological asthma  may use the same care setting hospital care  where they may be given reliever medication and a steroid tablet/syrup. The steroids are given to reduce inflammation. The reliever medicine contains the same medicine as your blue inhaler called Salbutamol .Or if you go to the hospital for an asthma attack you'll likely get a number of treatments to restore regular breathing. Treatments may include Oxygen,  Oxygen may be given through a tube attached to the nose if there are signs of too little oxygen in the blood.

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For type 2 diabetes the medication used is metformin it is usually used for individuals that are partially overweight.it works by metformin helps lower blood glucose levels by reducing how much glucose is released from the liver and by helping the cells of your body to absorb more glucose. It helps overall with type 2 diabetes by lowering blood sugar levels and changing the way your body handles insulin. Insulin is used for type 1 diabetesIt helps your body use glucose for energy. In type 1 diabetes your pancreas no longer makes insulin, so you have to inject it to control your blood glucose levels.

Fort asthma is usually treated by using an inhaler, a small device that lets you breathe in medicines.The main types are reliever inhalers which are  used when needed to quickly relieve asthma symptoms for a short time . preventive inhalers are used every day to prevent asthma symptoms happening.It works by relaxing the muscles of the airwaves into the lungs, which makes it easier to breathe. However sometimes individuals cannot use inhaler so they use the same medication Salbutamol which is used in an inhaler but can also be prescribed     through tablets,capsules or syrup .

A surgery that can be used for diabetes is Bariatric surgery which  changes the way the digestive system works, in ways that are beneficial for people with type 2 diabetes. It involves bypassing or reducing the size of your stomach so you feel fuller quicker  and eat less calories and lose weight. This type of weight loss surgery is sometimes called metabolic surgery.

A surgery used for asthma is a procedure called bronchial thermoplasty which  may be offered as a treatment for severe asthma. .It involves passing a thin  flexible tube down your throat and into your lungs. Heat is then used on the muscles around the airways to help stop them narrowing and causing asthma symptoms.

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With the physiological disorder diabetes  you may use investigative procedures which would be blood pressure , they do this to check that when you have diabetes you are at risk of high blood pressure which means individuals are at more of a risk of heart attacks or strokes so it's important to look after blood pressure and keep getting it checked . In comparison physiological asthma  will use the same investigative procedure blood pressure, they do this as when an individual has asthma and if they have high blood pressure they will have it checked . This could be from severe asthma attacks or the lungs not being able to pull up enough air.

Another investigative procedure that could be used for the physiological disorder diabetes  is the investigative procedure medical history,  this will check with what type of diabetes the individual has and other tests thta have been taken into account as well as that  .Similarly, the physiological disorder asthma may use the same investigative procedure medical history  to check the typical symptoms of asthma for example wheezing and breathlessness.they will also look at triggers and treatment.

A diagnostic procedure that could be used for the physiological disorder diabetes is the diagnostic procedure ecg , this will help with hyperglycemia detection and glucose monitoring to help with cardiac symptoms. Similarly,(physiological disorder asthma  may use the same diagnostic  procedure ECG to check whether the heart is healthy enough to take  certain medicines. Kit can also show possible causes asthma and symptoms such as irregular heartbeat or pervious damages to the heart.

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D2-Finally, provide a justification of the potential benefits of different investigations and treatment options for service users diagnosed with physiological disorders 

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D2-Finally, provide a justification of the potential benefits of different investigations and treatment options for service users diagnosed with physiological disorders 

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Diabetes

There are different types of procedures for diabetes management these include healthy eating, regular exercise, weight loss, diabetes medication or insulin therapy and blood sugar monitoring. Modifying eating habits and increasing physical activity have benefits as iot will reduce your blood sugar levels. Individuals with type 1 diabetes require multiple injections of insulin the benefits of this are that it helps each day to maintain  safe insulin  levels. All of these procedures I have mentioned are beneficial because it makes it more likely that blood sugar levels will stay in a healthy range due to this. It means that it may help or delay or prevent other complications.

Asthma

There are different types of procedures for asthma firstly medication this varies on the severity of the asthma and symptoms. The medications are either through tablets or inhalers; these are beneficial as the medication through tablets helps manage the condition. Another procedure is bronchial thermoplasty which reduces the bulk of smooth muscles that then dilates the airways. This is used for individuals that have severe asthma. This is beneficial because it helps you breathe more easily. It can also reduce the risk of asthma attacks, asthma symptoms and needing to go back into hospital because of asthma.

Overall, the importance of investigative procedures is that it can help identify the things that caused it or contributed to it so that means that you have a greater opportunity to prevent the same incident again. They also help identify and resolve internal problems before they become widespread. The importance of diagnostic procedures is that they are used to help clinicians develop a more precise and complete understanding of a patient's condition and inform decisions about treatment and monitoring. The importance of listing an to service users with theory signs and symptoms  with the disorse os that helps understand whats is wrong with the patients and can ase whats is wrong with them from their signs and symptoms and what's tests can be taken for figure out and rule things out of what it could be for example a blood tests, stool test and a urine sample could be ways to find what is wrong with and individuals this is done through communication and asking what is wrong with the individual. The importance of eliminating other distorse is that a different diagnosis could occur when your symptoms match more than one condition and additional tests would need to be taken before making an accurate diagnosis. Test will narrow down potential conditions on the healthcare provided diagnosis list. The importance of taking appropriate action when there are limited signs and symptoms is important because if symptoms and signs are not recognized early on this could lead to serious health issues and could even lead to fatality  if not caught before. Checking individuals is okay if they have had any changes that might indicate their signs and symptoms.

resub- a study found that most patients understand why they were in hospital only 59.6% could accurately describe their diagnosis and future management. it was also seen that 35% of individual results had been missing and that diagnostic procedure have been coming less effective.

for investigative procedures effectiveness is based on various factors such as following an appropriate process 27.5%, consulting with others 17.5%, using research 17.5%.

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Asthma

There are many impacts that asthma can have on a service user's health and wellbeing. One Common physical effect is asthma attacks which can include coughing, wheezing and a tight chest becoming severe or constant. It can cause a fast heartbeat and lead to fainting.another common physical effect that asthma has is shortness of breath. Which can stop individuals from participating in physical activity as it could lead to an asthma attack. One uncommon physical effect is that there aren't many uncommon physical effects but there can be uncommon symptoms that some individuals may experience and examples of this would be rapid breathing. Asthma can also cause respiratory failure which is uncommon as it is severe asthma as it is a rare thing to occur. This is when not enough oxygen travels to the lungs and blood, this is life threatening. This negatively impacts individuals ' health and wellbeing as asthma attacks could happen anywhere in public or at home and could be dangerous if they don't have their inhalers or preventers but also could be life threatening.

There are many intellectual impacts that asthma can have on a service user's health and wellbeing. One common intellectual factor is that it has been found that patients with asthma have hippocampal volume atrophy which is correlated with cognitive impairment . Low levels of this can lead to poor performance and memory tasks. A second common effect is that asthma causes cognitive impairments, depression and anxiety can also lead to dementia. This aggravates the psychological burden of patients' lives. One uncommon social effect is chronic intermittent hypoxia which causes damage and can l;ead to decreased learning, affecting cognitive functions. Repared asthma attacks and persistent poor control can lead to sleep disordered and affect the cognitive development and function of the services users brain. This negatively impacts individuals' health and wellbeing as their cognitive  functions will decline and they may develop diseases such as dementia which will change their lives completely as this may be life threatening . It may also make them socially excluded and have a toll on physical and overall health.

There are many emotional impacts that asthma can have on a service user's health and wellbeing. One common emotional effect is anxiety and depression. Anxiety and depression may be associated with poor asthma control.  A second common effect is strong emotions such as anger,fear,stress and excitement. These can trigger your asthma and so can emotional responses like laughing and crying. This is because your body's responses to different emotions changes the way you breathe. For example, when you are feeling emotional you could take deep and fast breaths. One uncommon effect is when you aren't even having asthma symptoms the fear of another attack could cause an individual to feel constantly anxious and afraid.However some individuals may react the opposite way and feel embarrassed, angry, confused.This will impact an individual's health and wellbeing negatively because they could become isolated as  they may be scared or embarrassed to go out in public incase they encounter a asthma attack. Another way could be that an individual may feel like that they can take part in activities they coil and feel self conscious as when they need their inhaler or if they are struggling to catch their breath.

There are many social impacts that asthma can have on an individual's health and wellbeing. One common effect is anxiety and fear. This is because even when symptoms aren't present they fear another attack which then makes them reluctant to go out and do the things they used to enjoy.Another common effect is individuals may develop or be at risk of social anxiety which could interact with taking part in social activities like physical activities. One uncommon effect is limited social interaction due to if they are in a social space it may restrict them from participating as they might be triggers of their asthma present like allergens, smoking. People with asthma might avoid certain gatherings or situations to avoid feeling worse or to feel like they are being negative. This would affect and individuals ' health and wellbeing negatively because they may be too afraid to go out as they are scared their triggers may be lurking around which will increase their stress, this could also cause them to become socially excluded as they may feel like the only place they are safe is home.

Overall I think that the most affected factors of the services users health and wellbeing are physical and emotional and social as they both link together. I think physical health has the most impact because asthma attacks can affect day to day life and can have damaging effects on overall health as you are at more risk of chest infections which can damage the heart and your physical health. Also not being able to take part in  physical activities and asthma due to getting out of breath means that it will be hard for an individual  to keep feet with aerobic exercise and cardiovascular endurance. I also think emotional and social have the biggest impact because individuals will get stressed and develop mental health issues such as depression and anxiety as they may feel like they cannot go out as they are embarrassed and have a low self confidence about going out and having to use their inhaler or getting themselves so worked up about having any asthma attacks if their triggers will be present.

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D1-You must include an evaluation of  the impact of physiological disorders on the health and wellbeing of service users 

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D1-You must include an evaluation of  the impact of physiological disorders on the health and wellbeing of service users 

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diabetes

The impact that diabetes can have on a service user's health and wellbeing is that there are some common physical effects. Firstly foot problems because there is reduced blood supply to the feet can cause a loss of feeling in them. An individual may have foot injuries or may not even know that they have damages or hurt their feet. Injuries may not heal well that can then lead to infections and ulcers. Regular foot checks are crucial to prevent complications and amputations if severe.also having a chiropodist to make sure you keep your feet in good shape. A second common physical effect is  cardiovascular disease. The risk of CD is increased with individuals who have diabetes. There are medications available that can help manage blood sugar levels however those with type 2 diabetes are at an increased risk of high blood pressure, high or abnormal cholesterol, and obesity; these all affect the heart's health. It is important that individuals seek early treatment through regular blood pressure and cholesterol checks. One uncommon physical effect that diabetes can have is vision changes because of elevated blood sugar levels. These can affect every part of the body including your eyes, it can alter fluid levels in the eyes which can then cause blurred vision, swelling and difficulty focusing on objects. These physical effects impact the individual seriously because if an individual loses feeling in their feet they won't be able to take part in physical activities and sessions as they won't feel anything which then means they are at an even greater risk of cardiovascular disease as they aren't doing exercise or fitness which had damning effects on their overall health.

There are many intellectual effects that diabetes can have on an individual's health and wellbeing. Firstly, cognitive impairment is due to studies that have shown that people with diabetes are more likely to develop cognitive problems.older individuals with diabetes have a higher risk of dementia and Alzhemiers because of glucose tolerance. A second common intellectual effect that diabetes has is the same way that diabetes can cause nerve damage to eyes, feet and hands and can also affect the brain by damaging nerves and blood vessels. This can then lead to problems with memory, learning, and processing information. One uncommon intellectual effect is

These intellectual effects impact an individual negatively because these things can interfere with daily life. For example if you have a cognitive impairment you will have a negative mental well-being. Which could cause feelings of uselessness and make an individual not want to do anything , it could affect reasoning, thinking, emotional management and social interactions. Which could lead to other serious problems like mental health and depression.

The Effects of Diabetes on the Brain (cdc.gov)

There are many emotional effects that diabetes can have on an individual's health and wellbeing. Diabetes can cause rapid changes in mood and other mental symptoms such as fatigue, trouble thinking clearly, and anxiety.Firstly is depression as diabetes can be hard to live with day to day and can lead to getting you down, These feelings won't go away.   When individuals have depression they are two times more likely than likely with someone without diabetes. A second common effect that diabetes has is diabetes distress , as diabetes  can be tough to live with.Sometimes individuals feel distressed which can include feeling frustrated, guilty, sad or worried. It shares traits of stress, anxiety and depression. One uncommon emotional effect is anxiety because of changes in blood sugar levels that can cause rapid shifts in moods. Anxiety may happen due to concerns about health, vulnerability to the illness or the impact of diabetes on daily life.these emotional effects have a negative impact on an individual because  if they are depressed they will struggle to do things that they enjoy and will affect their social interaction with friends and family and going out. It will also have an impact on their physical health as they may not want to eat which could have serious consequences. They also may have a negative self concept.

There are many social effects that diabetes can have on an individual's health and wellbeing. One common effect is hypo anxiety which means fearing situations where you might get low blood sugar. This fear would then maybe make an individual avoid social situations. Individuals may feel stressed, anxious so they avoid these types of social interactions. A second common social effect is that they may suffer with embarrassment due to their diabetes and are scared of what their friends might have possible negative reactions so they may be scared to go out if anything happens or want to hide their condition. One uncommon social effect is that diabetes can have a strain on relationships because having a chronic condition can increase the needs for emotional support and potential frustration and tension which could cause conflict leading to relationships being broken which could then affect an individual on going out as they may feel too upset or sad. This negatively impacts an individual because they could end up socially excluding themselves from friends and family leading to serious emotional problems and mental health issues such as depression. It could also affect them negatively because it may cause them to have poor physical health.

I think that the most affected factors on health are physical and emotional because firstly physically as if an individual does not look after themselves they can lead to serious consequences on their overall health. Secondly, emotionally because diabetes can have damaging effects on an individual's mental health about their condition and how to cope with it in day to day life. One positive effect is that if an individual does manage their diabetes and keeps on top of it they could either stop themselves from having diabetes or prediabetes or if they do have diabetes they can stop themselves from being at risk of further complications and have a happy life.

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positive effects of type 1 diabetes are that it minimises illnesses , there is not limitations as it wont stop you doing from what you want to do. food freedom you can eat what you want. regular health checks through life. for type 2 health mentoring, having regular health checks are essential for manging type 2. these help prevent conditions such as heart disease, stroke and nerve dame. lifestyle changes , by adapting to health changes like healthy eating staying active will help maintain a health weight and reduce the risks of type 2 diabetes.

positive effects for asthma are perspective, when expercimg an asthma attack you regain your breath and then you don take breathing for advantage again it can help develop with a different view in life and appciating things more. some people find spirituality during breathlessness moments. it can also help with the feeling of empathy and understand others who face similar challenges

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M3-An assessment and explanation of the treatment, support and types of care provided for individual with the two disorders 

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M3-An assessment and explanation of the treatment, support and types of care provided for individual with the two disorders 

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Treatments is a type of medical care given to a service to treat an illness, injury or a disease. There are different types of treatments and support available these include surgery for example surgical procedures for cancer like for breast cancer a mastectomy. Medication for example anti-inflammatory drugs, rehabilitation programmes like physiotherapy, advice on lifestyle changes for example smoking, complementary therapies like aromatherapy and acupuncture.

For diabetes there are various types of treatment and support available like monitoring blood and sugar, insulin and oral drugs, eating a healthy diet, getting regular physical activity, taking medicines, getting good sleep and managing stress.  There is also support available locally with The charity diabetes uk that runs local support groups they can help with things like managing your diabetes on a daily basis, diet, exercise or dealing with emotional problems such as depression or anxiety.they offer a place to talk and find out how other people live and manage with the condition. The strengths of managing blood sugar levels as it reduces the risks of future diabetes complications. There are also strengths of treatments available for type 1 diabetes ; an insulin pump can be an alternative to injecting with an insulin pen. It can give more flexibility when managing diabetes. Another treatment is an islet transplant. This is important because it  helps with or could stop you from experiencing severe hypos.As I have previously mentioned earlier for type 2 diabetes the most beneficial  way for treating type diabetes is through tablets and medications. Medication is needed as it helps manage your blood sugar levels. This most common tablet is metformin which I mentioned previously. However lots of people with type 2 diabetes don't always take medication. The treatment they use is diet and exercise. They treat their diabetes by eating well and moving more. The strengths of this are that it has been shown that weight loss can put type 2 diabetes into remission. Another treatment available is insulin but with type 2 diabetes you may not need it straight away, however some people have high blood sugar levels when they are first diagnosed.the strengths of  Insulin are that  can be used as a short term treatments to get them levels down quickly. However the weakness is that it can make you put on weight because of how much insulin you take and the type you are using . A form of support available for diabetes is emotional support as diabetes doesn't only affect you physically but also emotionally. If you've just been diagnosed with diabetes or had it a long time you may require support for how you are feeling. This could be stress, feeling low and depressed.

People have different types and needs as some medications do not work for everyone but they might work for other people so having to use other treatments available. Another reason why there are different types of treatments is that an individual with diabetes may have severe and very high blood pressure so they would have to go insulin straight away whereas others may not have as bad diabetes and may be low so just lifestyle choices to keep it down. Another example is that due to peoples lifestyles occupations may not have time to go to emotional and support groups as they have very busy and stressful lives and don't have time for things like that in their schedule.

Asthma

For asthma there are various types of treatments and support available. Firstly asthma can be managed through medication and tablets. The medication depends on the severity of the asthma and symptoms. The medications are administered through inhalers and nebulisers, by using medication through tablets it is important as it helps manage the condition. The main medication used for asthma is inhalers like I've previously mentioned earlier. They help by breathing in medicine, they also help by relieving symptoms when they occur which are reliever inhalers , and stop symptoms developing which are preventative inhalers. Some people depending on how severe their asthma is need both of these which would be a combination inhaler.the strengths of a reliever inhaler are that it treats your symptoms as and when they occur.

The weakness of a reliever inhaler is that it can cause shaking and rapid heartbeat a few minutes after you use it. The strengths of  A preventer inhaler are that it reduces inflammation which then stops symptoms occurring . The weaknesses of preventer inhalers are that it can cause oral thrush and a sore throat as it is a steroid inhaler. Support available for asthma is complementary therapies like breathing exercises that can help reduce asthma attacks. Traditional herbal medicines, acupuncture, manual therapies like a chiropractor. The strengths of support is that things such as the breathing exercises can help improve symptoms and reduce the need for reliever inhalers, however the weakness is people should not mistake using support available instead of taking their medication. Another weakness as to why people may not use support is due to income as acupuncture and chiropractor you have to pay for and individuals may not be able to afford this.

There is also local support available for asthma with an online group called asthma and lung. They improve their ability to handle breathlessness and connect with a supportive community of individuals how they can relate and empathise with your experiences and feelings.

resub- for diabetes strengths are for type 1 diabetes are that insulin is essential for managing blood glucose levels in type one diabetes it helps prevent complications.

having islet cell transplants can be an option to prevent serve hypoglycaemia . weakness of this are it can lead to insulin dependency with regular injections which can be challenging.it can also increase the risk of hypoglycaemia which requires careful mentoring to avoid low blood sugar.

for type 2 diabetes metformin is used strengths are this are it helps manage blood sugar levels. diet and exercise can help with lifestyle changes. weaknesses are medication can have side effects .

for asthma strengths are from using inhalers are that the reliver inhaler quickly relives symptoms during an anthem attack. Preventer inhalers reduces inflammation and prevents symptoms from occurring. weakness are for the preventer as it causes temporary shaking or a fast heartbeat. for the preventer it can cause side effects like oral thrush.

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M2-An assessment of the importance and comparison of the procedures that are used to investigate diagnose the two disorders 

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M2-An assessment of the importance and comparison of the procedures that are used to investigate diagnose the two disorders 

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Investigative procedures for physical disorders are If an individual is not well medical professionals such as doctors will carry out some general measurements to get an idea of what the illness could be. They may use this if there are any abnormal readings. There are some general measurements that might be undertaken like electronic digital recorders to measure pulse rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure and body temperature. However there will also be investigations that are appropriate for each individual but they cost money(equipment) and staff are needed. It is important to make sure that investigations are planned properly based on what an individual's presents with their signs and symptoms.

There are two main investigations that are used, medical history, and blood tests. Medical history is a record of an individual's personal health; it could include information on things such as allergies, illnesses, and surgeries.

Blood tests can be done by either a syringe or a finger prick test. A blood test may be done to check an individual's overall health to check symptoms caused by a certain condition to then monitor, manage, treat or investigate whether you are likely to get an illness.

For diabetes a diagnostic procedure used would be blood pressure because it reduces the risks of future complications. There is good evidence now that from studies that controlling BP in individuals with diabetes reduces risk of further complications.a research study called the UK prospective diabetes studied that if you monriot your blood pressure to reduce strokes and deaths related to diabetes. The importance and benefits of  Blood pressure is  that when it comes to diabetes, a person with diabetes and high blood pressure is four times more likely to develop heart disease than someone who does not have either. Good management of blood pressure because it can reduce serious health complications such as;stroke, heart disease, kidney disease and nerve damage. Medical history is used for diabetes because learning about family history is important as finding out if you have prediabetes and knowing if you're more likely to get diabetes. A doctor could then find ways to prevent these measures and what can be done. Medical history is important and has benefits for diabetes as even if you have a family history of diabetes you can prevent or delay type diabetes by eating healthier, being physically active and maintaining or reaching a healthy weight. Finally bl;ood tests can be used for diabetes because a doctor can diagnose diabetes or prediabetes , and gestational diabetes by using blood tests. The blood tests show if your blood glucose level (blood sugar level) is higher than the range that is healthy for you. A blood test can  also identify the type of diabetes you have. Blood tests are important and benefit diabetes because it monitors the effect of diabetic medication on blood sugar levels so they can track progress in reaching your overall treatment goals. It also shows how diet and exercise affects blood sugar levels.

asthma

For asthma a diagnostic procedure used is respiratory rate because it can pick up hyperventilation which is a characteristic feature of acute asthma.in all and severe or life threatening episodes increased alveolar ventilation is marked by lower arterial carbon dioxide tension. Respitart rates (RR) is important because from studies it has been shown that having an initiative for early description of asthma is the most important  indicator for deterioration. Nurses have underestimated  the importance of RR and have now said that they need to enhance the importance of educating RR. Medical history is used for asthma because a history of allergies or eczema increases the risk  of asthma. Understanding pathogens and natural history is crucial to understanding asthma. Peak flow helps with respiratory rates as it measures how quickly you can blow air out of your lungs. Keeping a peak flow diary helps establish a pattern of the peak flows. It can identify worsening symptoms and potential triggers. It is important because it reduces the risks of asthma attacks and identifies the triggers of asthma attacks.

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strengths or respitory rates are that it is an early and reliable indicator of phycological condition's. it also monitors other vital signs such as blood pressure and temperature. weaknesses are that the measurement's can be influenced from factors like anxiety or pain.

strengths of using family history is that it is an inform diagnosis is that having knowledge of family history can lead to quicker diagnosis and better long time management. also risk assessment as it is combined with family history and other risk factors it helps estimate a patients risk of specific conditions.

weakness is that it can be incomplete information this can limit the effectiveness of using family history. it can also be limited for common conditions as it is useful for rare genetic disorders

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M1-An analysis of the changes to body systems and functions as a result of the selected disorders and an explanation of the causes, signs and symptoms of your selected disorders 

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M1-An analysis of the changes to body systems and functions as a result of the selected disorders and an explanation of the causes, signs and symptoms of your selected disorders 

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diabetes

The endocrine system is made up of glands that makes hormones, it sends chemical messengers to another set of cells in the body. Endocrine hormones help control metabolism. Diabetes is a condition when the pancreas doesn't produce enough insulin or the body cant properly use the insulin it produces. The hormone insulin regulates blood glucose and blood sugar can be too high or too low.

In type 2 diabetes The stomach converts food to glucose then enters the bloodstream. The pancreas produces insulin but is resistant to effective use. Glucose is unable to enter the body effectively, glucose levels then increase.

There are two different types of diabetes type 1 which is where the body doesn't produce insulin due to genetics whereas type 2 diabetes the body is resistant to diabetes this is due to lifestyle. Causes of Type one diabetes are an autoimmune reaction when the body attacks itself by mistake. The reaction destroys the cells in the pancreas which makes insulin. But type 1 diabetic is a genetic condition. However causes of type 2 diabetes are if you are overweight or are obese, dont not have a healthy diet, have a family history of type 2 diabetes, have high blood pressure and a gestational diabetes during pregnancy. However the risks of type 2 diabetes can be reduced through healthy eating and regular exercise to then achieve that healthy body weight. Signs and symptoms of type 1 diabetes are feeling very thirsty, peeing more than usual, feeling very tired, losing weight without trying and blurred vision.

Signs and symptoms of type 2 diabetes are the same as type 1 as you are just at more risk if you are overweight or have family history. Many people with type 2 diabetes have it without realising as they may not always notice their symptoms.

Asthma

Respiratory system allows us to breathe. It brings all oxygen into our body and sends carbon dioxide out of the body. All of our cells in our body require oxygen for them to be able to work. The respiratory system consists of the nose, mouth, throat, windpipe, lungs, voicebox, and airways. Asthma causes inflammation in the airways leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath and tight chestedness. The airways also become squeezed which then makes it harder to breath especially when having an asthma attack. Asthma triggers the production of excess mucus production that then leads to further obstruction of the airways. It affects the respiratory system by causing inflammation  that impacts lung function, it can  affect the nose and vocal chords. It affects the cells function by the airway epithelial cells, these cells from the first defence against inhaled pathogens and particles. When exposed to environmental stimulants like allergens and viruses this causes airway inflammation and excess mucus production which contributes to airway obstruction.. Also smooth muscle cells function are responsible for airway construction. In asthma smooth muscle cells contract excessively to airway narrowing ,this then causes symptoms like shortness of breath and wheezing.

Asthma has an effect on the function of tissues by inflammation and swelling of breathing tubes, the bronchi and bronchioles that carry air in and out of the lungs. The tissue lining these airways swell due to inflammation and mucus. It also affects the function of the organs when there is swelling in the airways as the inflation makes it harder for air to flow freely through the airways.

The immediate physical health effects are breathing difficulties  from narrowing of the airways leading to wheezing and a tight feeling in the chest. Asthma attacks from coughing can trigger an attack  that can  be very severe. It can  also affect a reduction in physical activity and taking part in  exercise or sports. This is bad because a lack of physical activity can cause the risk of conditions like diabetes , high blood pressure, weight gain, and mental health problems such as depression.

The long term physical health effects are increased risk of infection because of the inflammation in the lungs when using an inhaler it can trap infectious materials in the lungs. It can also have an impact on day-to-day life by uncontrolled asthma which could lead to not being able to go to work or school. Asthma can have an effect with exercise but can cause reduced exercise intolerance and have permanent effects of narrowing of the bronchial tubes which restrict the airflow and affect overall lung function.

resub- diabetes can have effects on many major organs like heart, eyes, kidneys and brain. the hormone and insulin and sensing cells in liver muscles and tissues are functionally disrupted in diabetes.

changes in asthma are airway blockage due to tightened muscles around the airways , inflammation of the bronchial tubes. airway inability causing overreaction and narrowing of airways , during an asthma flare up the insides of airways swell and produce extra mucus making breathing harder.

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P4-Show a comparison of the types of carers and care settings for service users with different physiological disorders 

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P4-Show a comparison of the types of carers and care settings for service users with different physiological disorders 

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Diabetes-Professional Carer

Professional carers are paid individuals who work in healthcare institutions that work to meet the needs of individuals.A Clinical Specialist which would help with Diabetes would be a  Dietitian  would help with Diabetes because they can create meal plans offering specialist dietary advice and considering factors like nutritional status, medication, diabetes control and lifestyle changes. Having a healthy diet will manage this disorder.

Another professional carer would be an occupational therapist, they would help an individual with Diabetes because they provide techniques and education for potential risk that may occur if certain benefits aren't followed. They can also track medication and if it is effective and having benefits for that individual also to check that they are taking it at correctly and correct times. They can also help by creating healthy routines for exercising and preparing meals.

Asthma-Professional Carer

A professional carer that would help with Asthma would be a GP they help as they offer annual asthma check ups they can prescribe medication for example an inhaler which is important as depending on how bad your asthma is and how you manage your symptoms there are different types of inhalers. A nurse can also help with this as well as they also offer asthma checkups and assessments as well as a GP practitioner. A Clinical Specialist which would be for asthma a respiratory specialist. They would help as they can help patients identify and reduce exposure to their asthma triggers they can also help with the correct use of medical devices such as peak flow metres. Respiratory specialists also find out how severe the asthma is and how to manage it.

Informal carers are individuals that support and provide ongoing assistance to ensure that their needs are met. They are usually unpaid for example a family member, neighbour or a friend.

Private agencies are who provide care with individuals who may have a disability and they can either live with the patient or have care daily for a fee. Voluntary organisations for example the Age UK volunteer their time to support individuals in their local area.

Diabetes-informal carer

An informal carer for Diabetes would be a family member because they have Type 1 diabetes as they don't produce enough insulin that they have to take it to get their blood pressure levels raised. A family member would help by helping them take their insulin in injections or other insulin treatments from home.

Asthma-informal carer

An informal carer for Asthma would be a neighbour, they would help by helping the individual sit in a comfortable position and take their inhaler if they are having an asthma attack. This could save their lives if they do this.

There are different types of care settings in health and social care these include, service users own home, residential home, GP surgery, health settings like (counselling), rehabilitation settings and hospital care outpatients/inpatients.

Diabetes-healthcare settings

A healthcare setting that a diabetic would use would be a GP Surgery. This is because a GP can refer a patient to a specialist like a dietician. They can also prescribe medication to help manage diabetes and what advice they should follow.

Asthma-healthcare setting

A healthcare setting that an asthmatic would use would be a health centre. This is because they can get on top of symptoms and can reduce the risks of asthma attacks that will then improve the quality of life.

resub- the compassion of diabetes and asthma is that for asthma there may be additional healthcare professionals involved such as a raspatory specialist. however the care setting can vary but both conditions benefit from a multidisciplinary approach to ensure effectiveness. regular check ups and and communication are key to effective care for both diabetes and asthma. they both use alot of the same care settings and service providers as they use similar ways in their condition.

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P3-Explain the treatment and support available for service users with different physiological disorders 

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P3-Explain the treatment and support available for service users with different physiological disorders 

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Diabetes-Lifestyle

Another diagnostic procedure to treat Type 2 Diabetes is lifestyle changes. This helps because having a diet plan and doing exercises can help with getting fit and healthy and also can get levels down. Positives of lifestyle changes are it can keep an individual motivated by having an end goal however, a weakness is that the individual might not stick with the plan and lose motivation or lack it.

Asthma-Lifestyle changes

Another diagnostic procedure for Asthma is lifestyle changes which could be reduced in smoking or stop smoking. Another one would be exercising. This can help as it increases aerobic endurance. Strengths are that it will lower risks of attacks and then that allows to open the airways.A weakness for lifestyle changes are that some individuals may struggle with quitting or using nicotine free alternatives.

resub- some further treatments for asthma are things like different types of in halers, reliver, preventer and combination. other things like medication steroid tablets . bronchioles themoplstsaly which is reduces smooth muscle bulk in the airways which improves airflow.

some further treatment's for asthma are metformin which is a medication used to help with diabetes.

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P2-Compare investigative and diagnostic procedures for different physiological disorders.

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P2-Compare investigative and diagnostic procedures for different physiological disorders.

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Diabetes-Medication

A diagnostic procedure for Type 2 Diabetes is medication that is used to treat Type 2 Diabetes the medication Metformin works by lowering glucose levels in the liver it uses insulin more effectively. Strengths are that it treats PCOS by lowering insulin and blood sugar levels. Weaknesses are that it can cause B12 deficiency if you take it for a long period of time and can increase tiredness, fainting and shortness of breath and can leave you feeling unwell.

Asthma-medication

A diagnostic procedure for Asthma is inhalers as they are devices that let you breathe in medicine are the main treatment. Tablets can also be used for more severe asthma as well. It works by relaxing your muscles of the airways into the lungs which makes it easier to breathe . strengths are that it delivers medication directly to your lungs. Daily treatment can also manage the symptoms of chronic lung conditions. Individuals can also have rescue inhalers which can open up the airways during an asthma attack until you can get your symptoms well-managed. Weaknesses of medication are having a sore mouth, throat, cough, croaky voice and oral thrush.

resub-

investigative procedures are used to gather information about a patient's conditions , identify potential causes and asses the severity of a disorder. an example of this would be asthma as investigative procedures for asthma may include ling function tests and allergy testing.

diagnostic procedures confirm or rule out a specific diagnosis based on clinical signs, symptom's and test results. an example of an diagnostic procedures for asthma would be the diagnosis for asthma realises on clinical evaluation .

a comparisons of both procedures is that investigative aim to gather information, used to explore potential causes and not definitive for diagnosis. diagnostic is confirm or rule out a specific diagnosis , based on clinical signs and test results and is definitive for diagnosis

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p1 References-

(No date) NHS choices. Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/type-2-diabetes/symptoms/ (Accessed: 01 March 2024).

(No date a) NHS choices. Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/asthma/symptoms/ (Accessed: 01 March 2024).

p2 References -

BridgetChapple (no date) Tablets and medication, Diabetes UK. Available at: https://www.diabetes.org.uk/guide-to-diabetes/managing-your-diabetes/tr(No date a) NHS choices. Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/asthma/treatment/ (Accessed: 21 March 2024).

eating-your-diabetes/tablets-and-medication (Accessed: 21 March 2024).

p3 References -

(No date a) NHS choices. Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/type-2-diabetes/food-and-keeping-active/ (Accessed: 21 March 2024).

(No date a) NHS choices. Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/asthma/living-with/ (Accessed: 21 March 2024).

p4-References

BridgetChapple (no date a) Meet your diabetes healthcare team, Diabetes UK. Available at: https://www.diabetes.org.uk/guide-to-diabetes/managing-your-diabetes/interactions-with-healthcare-professionals (Accessed: 21 March 2024).

Your asthma healthcare team (no date) Asthma + Lung UK. Available at: https://www.asthmaandlung.org.uk/conditions/asthma/your-asthma-healthcare-team (Accessed: 21 March 2024).

m1-References

Endocrine Society (2023) Diabetes and endocrine function, Endocrine Society. Available at: https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/diabetes-and-endocrine-function (Accessed: 21 March 2024).

Cherney, K. (2022) How asthma affects your respiratory system, Healthline. Available at: https://www.healthline.com/health/asthma/how-does-asthma-affect-the-respiratory-system (Accessed: 21 March 2024).

m2-References

(No date a) NHS choices. Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/type-2-diabetes/getting-diagnosed/ (Accessed: 21 March 2024).

Diagnosing asthma (no date) Asthma + Lung UK. Available at: https://www.asthmaandlung.org.uk/conditions/asthma/diagnosing-asthma (Accessed: 21 March 2024).

m3- References

Diabetes UK (no date) Diabetes treatments, Diabetes UK. Available at: https://www.diabetes.org.uk/diabetes-the-basics/diabetes-treatments (Accessed: 21 March 2024).

(No date a) NHS choices. Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/asthma/treatment/ (Accessed: 21 March 2024).

d1- references

EmmaW (no date) Diabetes and your emotions, Diabetes UK. Available at: https://www.diabetes.org.uk/guide-to-diabetes/emotions (Accessed: 22 March 2024).

Diabetes and mood swings: Effects on relationships and lifestyle tips (no date) Medical News Today. Available at: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/317458 (Accessed: 22 March 2024).

Alan Katz, M. (2023) 7 common side effects of diabetes, Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy. Available at: https://www.hyperbaricmedicalsolutions.com/blog/common-side-effects-of-diabetes (Accessed: 22 March 2024).

The effects of diabetes on the brain (2022) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/library/features/diabetes-and-your-brain.html (Accessed: 22 March 2024).

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Causes-  Asthma is a common lung condition that can cause breathing problems. The causes of Asthma can be family history if you have a parent with asthma you are 6 times more likely to have it. Allergies, smoking, air pollution, and obesity are also causes of asthma. Infections like the flu and colds.

Signs and Symptoms- the main symptoms of asthma include shortness of breath.,tight chest and a cough. The main signs of Asthma are wheezing like a whistling sound when breathing. These are  attacks could be worsened by a respiratory virus such as the flu or cold.

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my chosen phycological disorders are diabetes and asthma.

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Causes- The causes of type 2 diabetes can be through factors like environmental and genetic factors. It can also be caused by living with obesity and being overweight. This is through too much fat stored in or around your pancreas or liver which can also affect people with a healthy weight.

Signs and symptoms- symptoms of type 2 diabetes without realising, this is because symptoms do not necessarily make you feel unwell. However symptoms can include; peeing more than usual, feeling thirsty all the time, feeling very tired, losing without trying to, thrush and blurred vision. The main signs you would see when you have developed type 2 diabetes is gaining more weight and losing weight without trying to.