# data[].attributes.body
The Xia Dynasty is considered the first dynasty in traditional Chinese history, though its existence is debated. It laid the foundation for later dynasties through monarchal rule and irrigation projects. The Xia dynasty was also considered a mythical dynasty because we have very little evidence about the Xia Dynasty's existence.

-Yu the Great

He is known for developing a flood control technique to control the water from the Yellow River (Huang He)

# data[].attributes.body
The Shang Dynasty introduced the earliest form of Chinese writing, oracle bones, used for divination. It's also known for advanced bronze working and was the second dynasty in China.

-King tang

He mediated human and supernatural forces to maintain harmony on earth

-Vassals

They gained the trust of the emperor and were allowed to own a portion of the land. They are also known as landlords.

-Oracle Bones

They are the earliest written records of Chinese civilization. Fortune tellers use oracle bones so can read the cracks, each crack helps the fortune tellers to predict the customer's future.

-Lady Fu Hao

60th wife of King Wu

# data[].attributes.body
The Zhou Dynasty lasted longer than any other dynasty in Chinese history. It introduced the Mandate of Heaven principle, which justified the rule of the king or emperor and played a crucial role throughout Chinese history. They made significant contributions like the doctrines of Confucianism, Legalism, and Daoism The dynasty also saw advancements in irrigation, coinage, and the use of iron.

-King Wu

First "son of heaven"

-Disintegration of Feudal state

Landlords became assertive, refusing to pay taxes, they refused to provide labor and military service to the king. Late Zhou was a time of endless warfare (warring state)

Because of the warring state

Chinese philosophies emerged.

A. Confucianism- Confucius

-Maintaining social harmony

-Humans are fundamentally good

-Excellent leader (civil service exam)

"Do not do unto others what you do not want others to do unto you"

B. Daoism- Lao Tzu

-Let things take their natural course and do nothing to interfere with the way

Yin and yang

-All things are made up of opposites all things are a unity of opposites

C. Legalism- Han Feizi

-Humans are naturally bad

-Law was made for all people

# data[].attributes.body
The Qin Dynasty unified China for the first time under Emperor Qin Shi Huang. It is famous for its Terracotta Army, the construction of the Great Wall, and E Fang Palace. it is also the first imperial dynasty.

-Shi Huang di

The first emperor of China

One of the heads of seven warring states

Defeated six rival states through military force

Implement centralized government

Wiped out the feudal system

Known for being ruthless in enforcing the law

Banned Confucianism

# data[].attributes.body
The Han Dynasty is considered a golden age in Chinese history, known for its significant developments in arts, culture, and science. The Silk Road trade route was established during this time, connecting China with the rest of the world. It is the second imperial dynasty.

-Liu Bang

Founder of the Han Dynasty

One of the most competent leaders in China

His philosophy: Combining Confucianism, Legalism, and Daoism

remodeled Confucianism

B. Daoism

Discourage emperors from seeking construction projects

C. Legalism

Provide the backbone of tough and efficient government

Wu the great

Continued to make the Han regime into a highly centralized empire

He defeated Xiongnu/Nomadic tribes

# data[].attributes.body
The Sui Dynasty reunited China after nearly four centuries of division. It is known for the construction of the Grand Canal, which linked the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers, significantly aiding in the country's economy and military logistics.

-Emperor Wen and Yang

had 2 emperors

lowered taxes

-Opening of Grand Canal

Easily fell to Korea

# data[].attributes.body
Tang emperors

1. Li Yuan- Founder

2. Taizong

3. Wu Zetain

4. Xuan Zhong- During his reign., China became the most prosperous country

Wood Block Printing

-Mass production of books

Gunpowder

# data[].attributes.body
The Song Dynasty is known for its remarkable innovations, such as paper money, gunpowder, and the compass, which were significant to the development of the world. Despite its military weaknesses, it made great achievements in the sciences and the arts.

Emperor Taizu

-Established the Song dynasty

-Practiced merit-base policy

Neo-Confucianism

Song Dynasty developed a defensive, inward-looking strategy and became less open to adopting religions

Weak at the military but economically strong

Solution:

Pays other countries to defend them

Jiaozi

Government-produced paper money

The economy was booming

Rice

Silk

Tea

Grenade

Porcelain

Foot binding

It is said that you a beautiful if your foot is binded as a woman in China, but nowadays, foot binding is banned.

# data[].attributes.body
Founded by Kublai Khan, the Yuan Dynasty was the first foreign dynasty to rule all of China. It significantly influenced Chinese culture and was known for promoting the Silk Road trade. it also had Beejing as its capital city.

Four Class System

1. Mongols

2. Semu

3. Hamren

4. Southerner

Chao

-First paper currency

Marco Polo

Worked with kublai-kan

# data[].attributes.body
The Ming Dynasty is famed for its achievements in literature, architecture, and the exploratory naval expeditions of Zheng He. It saw the construction of the Forbidden City and the restoration of the Great Wall.

Zhu Yuanzhang

Joined a rebel group to the White Lotus Society

1. Renovation of the Great Wall

The most effective defense against invasion

2. Forbidden City

Imperial residence

3. Ming Porcelain

blue-and-white porcelain waves

# data[].attributes.body
The Qing Dynasty was the last imperial dynasty of China, ruling until 1912. It was established by the Manchus and expanded China to its greatest territorial extent. The time under Qing rule included both periods of prosperity and disaster. It is the second time that China was not ruled by the Han People

Queue Hairstyle

"Keep your hair LOSE your head" or "Keep your head, Cut your hair"