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[Lesson 01] Academic Writing Style - Material

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Today's young people will become tomorrow's scientists, accordingly their attitudes to science are critically important. Unfortunately, nowadays, many young people are rejecting a career in science, preferring to become entrepreneurs instead. My opinion for this is that scientists are paid relatively poorly. To be more specific, people working in science in the United Kingdom do not earn as much as those in occupations such as medicine or law. Moreover, at the moment, finding a job in science is challenging, which discourages young people from considering a career in science.
An numerous number of studies have been conducted that try to idenify other factors that influence attitudes to scientists and their work. (For example, Campbell, 1998; Adams, 2003). Firstly, it is supposed that the most crucial factor is the representation of scientists in the media. They are often shown as being socially isolated or even psychotic. Another factor is the quality of science teaching in school. If a science teacher is interesting and enthusiastic, this person can have a profound impact on whether a student goes on to study science at college or university. Unfortuntely, in my experience, few science teachers are inspirational, although other people may have had a different experience.

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Today's young people will become tomorrow's scientists , and so their attitudes to science is important. Unfortunately, nowadays, many young people are rejecting a career in science , preferring to become entrepreneur instead. One reason for this is that scientists are paid relatively poorly. As can be seen earlier , people working in science in the United Kingdom do not earn as much as in occupations such as medicine or law. Furthermore, at the moment difficulties in finding a job in science can prevent young people from pondering a career in science.
Many studies have been conducted that try to identify other factors that influence attitudes to scientists and their work (e.g Cambell 1998 Adams 2003). One important factor is the representation of scientists in the media. They are often shown as being socially isolated or even mad. Another factor is the quality of science teaching in school. If a science teacher is interesting and enthusiastic, one can have a significant impact whether student goes on to study science at college or university. Unfortunately, in my experience, few science teachers are inspirational, although the others may have had a different experience.

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The current generation of youth will become great innovators of tomorrow. As a result, their attitudes towards science should be held with high regards. In contemporary times, a growing number of youngsters are objecting a career in science in order to become a businessman. Public opinions suggests that the deficit in work force can be attributed to poor wages in the profession. As stated earlier, part of the population who work as a scientist in the UK saw a sizeable gap between their pay compared to those who work in law or medicine. In addition, due to rising competition and demands paired with the necessary skills needed for the job, these factors drive away potential employment in the profession simply due to the young individual feeling that thay are too incompetent.

Numerous studies have been conducted in order to identify other causes that influence public attitudes towards science and the works. In consideration, one of the most important factor is the portayal of scientist by the social media, with them being depicted as being socially isolated or outright insane. According to the same research, lesson quality at school can be held accountable as another cause. When students receive enthusiasm about their work in science, this impact their likelyhood to have science as a major in college and university. In practice, only a few are willing to put effort into their teachings and thus, not only does this widens the skill gap but also causes the determination of the youth to plummet.

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Today's young people will become tomorrow's scientists, and so their attitudes to science are  important. Unfortunately, at this moment in time, many young people are rejecting a career in science, preferring to become entrepreneur instead. In my opinion, one reason for this is that scientists are paid relatively poorly. As earlier, people working in science in the United Kingdom do not earn as much as those in occupations such as medicine or law.  Moreover, at the moment it can be difficult to find  job in science and this can procrastinate young people from thinking about a career in science. Quite a lot of studies have been conducted that try to identify other factors that influence attitudes to scientists and their work (Campbell, 1998; Adams, 2003 for instance). One important factor for this is the way scientists are represented in the media.  They are often shown as being socially isolated or even mad. Another factor is the quality of science teaching in school. If a science teacher is interesting and enthusiastic, that person can have a great impact on whether a student goes on to study science at college or university.Unfortunately, in my experience, few science teachers are inspirational, although each individual may have had a different experience.

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đình ngọc a7

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Today's young people will become tomorrow's scientists, accordingly their attitudes to science are vital important. Unfortunately, nowadays, many young people are rejecting a career in science, preferring to become entrepreneurs instead. The reason for this is that scientists are paid relatively poorly. As can be seen, people working in science in the United Kingdom do not earn as much as those in occupations such as medicine or law. Additionally, at the moment, finding a job in science is challenging, which can discourage young people from considering a career in science.
A large number of studies have been conducted that try to idenify other factors that influence attitudes to scientists and their work. (For example, Campbell, 1998; Adams, 2003). Firstly, one of many important factors is the representation of scientists in the media. They are often shown as being socially isolated or even psychotic. Another factor is the quality of science teaching in school. If a science teacher is interesting and enthusiastic, this person can have a great impact on whether a student goes on to study science at college or university. Unfortuntely, in my experience, few science teachers are inspirational, although other people may have had a different experience.

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KhToday’s young people will become tomorrow’s scientists, and so their attitudes to science are somewhat (pretty) important. Unfortunately, currrently (at the moment in time), many young people are rejecting a career in science, preferring to become entrepreneurs (businessmen) instead. It is believed (I believe) that one reason for this is that scientists are paid relatively poorly. As it evident (as you saw) earlier, people working in science in the United Kingdom do not (don’t) earn as much as those in occupations such as medicine or law. Moreover (besides), at the moment it can be difficult to find a job in science, which (it can be difficult to find a job in science and this )can discourage (put off) young people from pursuing (thinking about) a career in science.

Many (quite a lot of) studies have been conducted that try to identify other factors that influence attitudes to scientists and their work (e.g. Campbell, 1998, Adams,2003). There are a number of factors for this practice (What are some of these factors). To begin with (well) , one important factor is the representation of scientists (how scientists are represented) in the media. They are often shown as being socially isolated and even insane (mad!). Another factor is the quality of science teaching in school. If a science teacher is interesting and enthusiastic, this person (he) can have a profound (big) impact on whether a student goes on to study science at college or university. Unfortunately, in my experience, few (not many) science teachers are inspirational, athough other people (the reader) may have had a different experience.

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Today's young people will become today's young scientists, and so their attitudes to science are crucially important. Unfortunately, nowadays many young people are rejecting a career in science, preferring to become entrepreneurs instead. In my opinion, one reason for this is that scientists' salary are relatively low. For instance, people working in science in the United Kingdom earn less money than those in occupations such as medicine or law. Furthermore, at the moment, finding a job in science can be tough, which can prevent young people from considering a career in science.
Numerous studies have been conducted to try to identify other factors that influence attitudes to scientists and their work. (For example, Campbell, 1998; Adams, 2003). One of those factors is the representation of scientists in the media. They are often shown as being socially isolated or even mad. Another factor is the quality of science teaching in school. If a science teacher is interesting and enthusiastic, that person can have a enormous impact on whether a student continues studying science at college or university. Unfortunately, in my experience, few science teachers are inspirational, although some people may have had a different experience.

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Today’s young people will become tomorrow’s scientists, and so their attitudes to science are very important. Unfortunately, many young people currently are rejecting a career in science, preferring to become entrepreneurs instead. One reason for that may be scientists are paid relatively poorly. Earlier, people working in science in the United Kingdom do not earn as much as those in occupations such as medicine or law. Furthermore, at the moment it can be difficult to find a job in science which can prevent young people from considering a career in science.

Many studies have been conducted that try to identify other factors that influence attitudes to scientists and their work. These are some of the factors. First and foremost is the way scientists are represented in the media. They are often shown as being socially isolated or even mad. Another one is the quality of science teaching in school. If a science teacher is interesting and enthusiastic, this person can have a vital impact on whether a student goes on to study science at college or university. Unfortunately, in my experience, only few science teachers are inspirational, although other people may have had a different experience

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Today's young people will become tomorrow's scientists, and so their
attitudes to science are extremely important. Unfortunately, nowadays, many young people are rejecting a career in science, preferring to become entrepreneurs instead. From my perspective, one reason for this is that scientists are paid relatively poorly. As can be seen earlier, people working in
science in the United Kingdom do not earn as much as those in occupations
such as medicine or law. Moreover, at the moment , finding a job in science can be challenging, which can discourage young people from considering a career in science.2 Quite a lot of studies have been conducted that try to identify other
factors that influence attitudes to scientists and their work (e.g. Campbell,
1998; Adams, 2003). What are some of these factors? Well, one
important factor is how scientists are represented in the media.
They're often shown as being socially isolated or even mad. Another
factor is the quality of science teaching in school. If a science teacher is
interesting and enthusiastic, this person can have a huge impact on whether a
student goes on to study science at college or university. Unfortunately, in
my experience few science teachers are inspirational, although
some people may have had a different experience.

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Today’s young people will become tomorrow’s scientists, and so their attitudes to science are comparatively important. Unfortunately, in this day and age, many young people are rejecting a career in science, preferring to become entrepreneurs instead. One reason for this is that scientists are paid relatively poorly. It can be seen that people working in science in the United Kingdom do not earn as much as those in occupations such as medicine and law. More importantly, at this moment, the difficulties in finding a job in science can prevent young people from considering a career in science.Many studies have been conducted that try to identify other factors that influence attitudes to scientists and their work (e.g. Campbell, 1998; Adams, 2003). One important factor is the representation of scientists in the media. They are often shown as being socially isolated or even mad. Another factor is the quality of science teaching in school. If a science teacher is interesting and enthusiastic, this person can have a significant impact on whether a student goes on to study science at college or university. Unfortunately, in my experience, few science teachers are inspirational, although each individual may have had a different experience.

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Today's young people will become tomorrow's scienttists, and so their attitudes to science are vitally important. Unfortunately, nowadays, many young people are rejecting a career in science, preferring to become bussinesspeople instead. In my opinion, one reason for this is that scientists are paid relatively poorly. To be specific, people working in science in the United Kingdom do not earn as much as those in occupations such as medicine or law. Furthermore, at the moment finding a job in science can be challenging, which can discourages young people from considering a career in science. Many studies have been conducted that try to identify other factors that influence attitudes to scientists and their work(eg.Campbell,1998;Adam,2003). One important factor is the presentation of scientists in the media. They are often shown as being socially isolated or even mad. Another factor is the quality of science teaching in school. If a science teacher is interesting and enthusiastic, this person can have a great impact on whether a student goes on to study science at college or university. Unfortunately, in my experience few science teachers are inspirational, although people may had a different experience.

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Today's young people will become tomorrow's scientists, and so their attitudes to science are fairly important. Unfortunately, nowadays, many young people are rejecting a career in science, preferring to become entrepreneurs instead.  My opinion is that one reason for this is that scientists are paid relatively poorly. To be more specific, people working in science in the United Kingdom do not earn as much as those in occupations such as medicine or law. More importantly, at the moment difficulties in finding a job in science can discourage young people from thinking about a career in science.
A large number of studies have been conducted that try to identify other factors that influence attitudes to scientists and their work (e.g. campbell, 1998; adams, 2003). One important factor is the representation of scientist in the media. These people are often shown as being socially isolated or even mad. Another factor is the quality of science teaching in school. If a science teacher is interesting and enthusiastic, that person can have a huge impact on whether a student goes on to study science at college or university. Unfortunately, in my experience few science teachers are inspirational, although people may have had a different experience.

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Today’s young people will become tomorrow’s scientists, so their attitudes to science are somewhat important. Unfortunately, today, many young people are rejecting a career in science and preferring to become entrepreneurs instead. In my view, one reason for this is the fact that scientists are paid relatively poorly. As far as I am concerned, people working in science in the United Kingdom do not earn as much as those in occupations such as medicine or law. What is more, at the moment finding a job in science can be difficult, which can discourage young people from considering a career in science.

Several studies conducted have tried to identify other factors that influence attitudes to scientists and their work (e.g Campbell, 1988; Adams, 2003). Without a doubt, one significant factor is the representation of scientists in the media. They are often shown as being socially isolated or even psychotic. Another factor is the quality of science teaching in school. If a science teacher is interesting and enthusiastic, this one can have a major impact on whether a student goes on to study science at college or university. Unfortunately, in my experience, only a small number of science teachers are inspirational, although others may have had a different experience.

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Today's young people will become tomorrow's scientists, and so their attitudes to science is comparatively important. Unfortunately, nowadays, many young people are rejecting a career in science, preferring to become entrepreneur instead. In my opinion, one reason for this is that scientists are paid relatively poorly. As can be seen earlier , people working in science in the United Kingdom do not earn as much as in occupations such as medicine or law. Furthermore, at the moment difficulties in finding a job in science can discourage young people from considering a career in science.

A number of studies have been conducted that try to identify other factors that influence attitudes to scientists and their work (e.g Cambell 1998 Adams 2003). One important factor is the representation of scientists in the media. They are often shown as being socially isolated or even mad. Another factor is the quality of science teaching in school. If a science teacher is interesting and enthusiastic, one can have a huge impact on whether student goes on to study science at college or university. Unfortunately, in my experience, only a few science teachers are inspirational, although the others may have had a different experience.

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Today's young people will become tomorrow's scientists, and so their attitudes to science are quite important. Unfortunately, nowadays, many young people are rejecting a career in science, preferring to become entrepreneur instead. In my view, one reason for this is that scientists are paid relatively poorly. As can be seen earlier , people working in science in the United Kingdom do not earn as much as in occupations such as medicine or law. Moreover, at the moment when finding a job in science can be challenging and can prevent young people from pondering a career in science.
Many studies conducted that try to identify other factors that influence attitudes to scientists and their work (e.g Cambell 1998 Adams 2003). One important factor is the representation of scientists in the media. They are often shown as being socially isolated or even mad. Another factor is the quality of science teaching in school. If a science teacher is interesting and enthusiastic, this person can have a major impact whether student goes on to study science at college or university. Unfortunately, in my experience, few science teachers are inspirational, although the others may have had a different experience.

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Today's young people will become tomorrow's scientists , and so their attitudes to science is very important. Unfortunately, presently, many young people are rejecting a career in science , preferring to become entrepreneurs instead. One reason for this is that scientists are paid relatively poorly. As can be seen earlier , people working in science in the United Kingdom do not earn as much as in occupations such as medicine or law. Moreover, at the moment difficulties in finding a job in science can prevent young people from considering a career in science.
Many studies have been conducted that try to identify other factors that influence attitudes to scientists and their work. One important factor is the representation of scientists in the media. They are often shown as being socially isolated or even mad. Another factor is the quality of science teaching in school. If a science teacher is interesting and enthusiastic, one can have a great impact whether student goes on to study science at college or university. Unfortunately, in my experience, few science teachers are inspirational, although the others may have had a different experience.

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The youth will soon become the future’s main source of potential scientists, and so their attitudes toward science have a vital role to play. However, young people in this day and age seem to opt for a career in business instead of becoming a scientist. One compelling reason for this trend is the fact that people working in science are relatively poor-paid. For instance, British scientists receive much less than those in occupations such as medicine or law. Furthermore, difficulties in searching for a job in this field may discourage youngsters from considering a career in science.
Recent studies have been attempting to identify other factors that negatively influence young people’s attitudes to science. A significant reason is the presentation of scientists in the media, which often shows them as being socially isolated or even eccentric. Another factor is the quality of science teaching in school, which is often described as uninspirational and unenthusiastic. Should a science teacher can show how fascinating this subject is, this person can have a substantial impact on whether a student goes on to study science at university.

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[Lesson 01] Homework - Academic writing style

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Deadline: 11pm, Thursday July 21st

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[Writing 03] Homework - Academic writing style

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1.

Historians disagreed on the population of Native America before European colonization. While some of them gave an estimated amount of 30 million, others estimated high at 60 million.

Historians disagreed on the population of Native America before European colonization. Some of them gave an estimated amount of 30 million, whereas others estimated high at 60 million.

Historians disagreed on the population of Native America before European colonization. Some of them gave an estimated amount of 30 million; others estimated high at 60 million.

2.

While the market value of Sony has been only $21 billion, that of Samsung has reached $162 billion.

The market value of Sony has been only $21 billion, whereas that of Samsung has reached $162 billion.

The market value of Sony has been only $21 billion; that of Samsung has reached $162 billion.

3.

Both the word ‘snake’ and ‘sneak’ come from the proto-Indo-European word ‘snag’ meaning ‘to crawl, or creep’.

The word ‘snake’ comes from the proto-Indo-European word ‘snag’ meaning ‘to crawl, or creep’ and so does the word ‘sneak’.

4.

Despite being considered the best in the world for its intense flavor, full body, and mild aroma, Kenya coffee is mostly produced on small-scale farms instead of large companies.

Kenya coffee is considered the best in the world, noted for its intense flavor, full body, and mild aroma, but it is mostly produced on small-scale farms instead of large companies.

Kenya coffee is considered the best in the world, noted for its intense flavor, full body, and mild aroma. It is, however, mostly produced on small-scale farms instead of large companies.

5.

According to the statistics in 2010, the number of online newspaper readers worldwide increased rapidly to 1.9 billion people.

The statistics in 2010 showed a rapid increase in the number of online newspaper readers, and there were exactly 1.9 billion readers worldwide.

The statistics in 2010 showed a rapid increase in the number of online newspaper readers; there were exactly 1.9 billion ones worldwide.

The statistics in 2010 showed a rapid increase in the number of online newspaper readers, which was exactly 1.9 billion ones worldwide.

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1.
Historians have different views about the native American population before the colonization of Europe, with some estimated lower than 30m whereas others did higher than 60m
Because of significantly different estimates, historians cannot agree on the American population before European colonization
2.
While Sony’s market is worth only $21 billion, that of Samsung is 8 times more valuable than Sony’s with a market value of $162.
The market value of Samsung is $162 billion, far exceeding the figure for Sony of only $21 billion.
3.
Both the words “snake” and “sneak” are derived from the Proto Indo-European word “snag”, meaning to crawl or creep.
4.
Kenya coffee is considered to be the best in the world with noted intense flavor, full body, and mild aroma. However, it does not consist of large companies with production but predominantly small-scale farms with 70% of its product.
5.
In 2010, the number of online newspaper readers witnessed a rapid increase with approximately 1.9 billion people reading news on the internet.

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1.
- Native American population before the colonization of European was a subject of controversy for historians. While some of them gave an estimated amount of 30 million, others highly estimated at 60 million.
- Historians' opinion was divided on the issue of Native American population before European colonization. Some people gave an estimated amount of 30 million; others highly estimated at 60 million.
- Over the last decades, historians had different views on Native American population before European colonization. Some people belived the low estimate for its was approximately 30 million, whereas the high estimate was over 60 million.
2.
- The Sony's market value was only 21 billion dollars; that of Samsung reached 162 billion dollars.
- While the market of Sony rated 21 billion dollars, that of Samsung peaked at 162 billion dollars.
3.
- Both the word "sneak and snake" originated from proto Indo- European word "snag", referring to crawl or creep.
- The word "sneak" as well as "snake" stemmed from proto Indo- European word "snag", meaning crawl or creep.
4.
- Even though Kenya coffee was considered to be the best beverage in the world owing to its intense flavor, full body, and mild aroma, it was primarily produced on small-scale farms instead of large entrepreneurs.
- Kenya coffee was rated as the best in the word for its intense flavor, full body, and mild aroma. Nevertheless, its production was not exported to major companies but to medium-sized farms.
5.
- In 2010, the number of online newspaper readers experienced a rapid increase with approximately 1,9 billion people reading on internet.
- There was a rapid increase in the number of people using internet to read newspapers, which was nearly 1.9 billion ones worldwide.
- The statistics in 2010 witnessed a rapid increase in the readership of newspapers with just over 1.9 billion people worldwide.

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1.
-Historians disagreed on the population of Native America before European colonization. While some of them estimated there were about 30 million people, others estimated 60 million.
-Historians disagreed on the population of Native America before European colonization. Some of them estimated there were about 30 million people, whereas others estimated 60 million.
-Historians disagreed on the population of Native America before European colonization. Some of them estimated there were about 30 million people; others estimated 60 million.
2.
-The market value of Sony has been only $21 billion; however, that of Samsung has already reached $162 billion.
-The market value of Sony has been only $21 billion, whereas that of Samsung has already reached $162 billion.
-The market value of Sony has been only $21 billion; that of Samsung has reached $162 billion.
3.
-The word ‘snake’ and ‘sneak’ originated from the proto-Indo-European word ‘snag’;  it means ‘to crawl, or creep’.
4.
Kenya coffee is considered the best in the world because of its intense flavor, full body, and mild aroma. However, about 70% of them is produced on small-scale farms instead of large companies.
Kenya coffee is considered the best in the world because of its intense flavor, full body, and mild aroma; about 70% of them is produced on small-scale farms instead of large companies.
5.
-According to statistics in 2010, there was a rapid increase in the number of online newspaper readers, with about 1.9 billion readers worldwide
-Statistics in 2010 showed a rapid increase in the number of online newspaper readers; there were 1.9 billion readers worldwide.

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1.

-Historians disagreed on the population of Native America before European colonization. While some of them gave an estimated amount of 30 million, others highly estimated at 60 million.

-Historians disagreed on the population of Native America before European colonization. Some of them gave an estimated amount of 30 million, whereas others estimated high at 60 million.

-Historians disagreed on the population of Native America before European colonization. Some of them gave an estimated amount of 30 million; others highly estimated at 60 million.

2.

-Although  the market value of Sony has been only $21 billion, that of Samsung has reached $162 billion.

-The market value of Sony has been only $21 billion, but that of Samsung has reached $162 billion.

-The market value of Sony has been only $21 billion.  However,  that of Samsung has reached $162 billion.

3.

-Both the word “snake” and “sneak” come from the proto-Indo-European word “snag”,meaning “to crawl, or creep”.

-The word “snake” comes from the proto-Indo-European word “snag” meaning “to crawl, or creep”,and so does the word “sneak”.

4.

-Despite being considered the best in the world for its intense flavor, full body, and mild aroma, Kenya coffee is mostly produced on small-scale farms instead of large companies.

-Kenya coffee is considered the best in the world for its intense flavor, full body, and mild aroma, but about 70% of them is produced on small-scale farms instead of large companies.

5.

-According to statistics in 2010, there was a rapid increase in the number of online newspaper readers, with about 1.9 billion readers worldwide
-The statistics in 2010 showed a rapid increase in the number of online newspaper readers, and there were exactly 1.9 billion readers worldwide.

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1.
- There has been a disagreement amongst historians about Native America population before the European colonization. While some historians gave an estimated amount of 30 million, others highly estimated at 60 million.

- Regarding the number of Native Americans living in North America before European colonization, historians have disagreed. Some historians estimated the number at 30 million, while others greatly estimated it at 60 million.

- Historians have different opinions on the number of Native Americans who lived in North America before European invasion. The figure was estimated by some historians to be 30 million, while others substantially increased their estimate to 60 million.

2.
- The market value of Sony has been only $21 billion, whereas that of Samsung has already reached $162 billion.

- Sony's market worth is currently at $21 billion, whereas Samsung's has already surpassed $162 billion.

- While Samsung's market value has surpassed $162 billion, Sony's is barely $21 billion.

3.
- Both the word "sneak" and the word "snake" derive from the proto-Indo-European verb "snag," which means "to crawl, or creep."

- The proto-Indo-Europeanterm "snag," which meaning "to crawl, or creep," is the source of the words "snake" and "sneak."

- The terms "snake" and "sneak" both come from the proto-Indo-European word "snag," which means "to crawl, or creep."

4.
- Kenyan coffee, regarded as the greatest in the world for its robust flavor, substantial body, and gentle scent, is often produced on small farms rather than by big businesses.

- Kenyan coffee is often produced on small-scale farms rather than by big corporations, while being renowned for its robust flavor, rich body, and gentle aroma.

- The majority of Kenyan coffee is produced on small farms rather than by big corporations, despite the fact that it is regarded as the greatest in the world for its robust flavor, substantial body, and gentle aroma.

5.
- According to figures from 2010, there were precisely 1.9 billion users of online newspapers globally, indicating a sharp rise in the number of readers.

- There were precisely 1.9 billion online newspaper readers globally in 2010, according to figures that showed a sharp rise in this category.

- Online newspaper readers increased quickly in 2010, according to statistics, with 1.9 billion readers globally.

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Deadline: 11pm, Thursday July 28th

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Deadline: 11pm, Thursday July 28th

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1.indicate
2.shows
3.question
4.support
5.shown
6.suggest
7.influenced
8.neglect
9.encouraged
10.depicts
4)
1. important-> fairly important
/ is->seems to be
2.ineffective->possibly ineffective
3.causes people become violent->contributes to violences
4.cause->can lead to
5.the best->one of many effective ways
6.lessen->soothes/alleviates
7.do not->may not
8.provide->tend to provide

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Practice 3:
1. indicate
2.suggests
3.question
4.support
5.shown
6.suggest
7.influenced
8.neglected
9.encouraged
10.depicts
Practice 4:
1.Physical attraction might be important for marital happiness
It is likely that physical attraction is important for marital happiness
2.Economic sanctions seem to be ineffective
It would appear that economic sanctions are ineffective
3.Alcohol can cause people to become violent
People's violent behaviors are largely due to the contribution of alcohol
4.Passive smoking tends to cause cancer
It is very probable that passive smoking causes cancer
5.It is rather clear that recycling is the best solution to...
The best solution to the waste disposal problem may be recycling
6.Physical exercise tends to lessen the severity of depression
The severity of depression can be lessened by physical exercises
7.Great novels seem to not make great films
There is a slight possibility that great novels do not make great films
8.Public schools might not provide better  education than private schools
Education might be better provided by private schools than public schools

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Practise 3:
1, indicate The results indicate a connection between smoking and lung cancer/ Bases on the results, it is rather clear that smoking and lung cancer are linked
2, suggest Venezuela scientists seem to need help with writing english, according to the statistics in Table 9/ Table 9 shows that Venezuela scientists are likely to need help with writing english.
3, question
4, support The results given in figure 4 may attest to the hypothesis/ The hypothesis appears to be proved by the results given in figure 4.
5, assumed It is probable that the quantities displayed in the table has been about 98% accurate
6, suggest The test results may lay a foundation for product modification/ There is possibility that the test results create a basis for product modification.
7, influenced Changes in the ambient temperature seem to distort the results./ Changes in the ambient temperature are likely to distort the results.
8, neglected In their earlier work, they appeared to fail to consider ambient temperature/ It is likely that ambient temperature was not taken into account in their earlier work.
9, encouraged According Table 3, the new tax law might stimulate industrial investment/ There is a good possibility that industrial investment is stimulated by the new tax law
10, clarifies It would appear that Figure 12 depicts the genetic relationship.
Practise4:
1, Physical attraction has a strong influence on marital happiness.
2, Economic sanctions seem to be ineffective
3, Alcohol contributes to the violence of human.
4, Cancer may be attributed to passive smoking.

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practice 3:
1 indicate
2 shows
3 question
4 support
5 shown
6 suggest
7 influenced
8 neglected
9 encouraged
practice 4:
1 physical attraction seems to be important for marital happiness
it is rather clear that physical attraction is important for marital happiness
2 economic sanctions appear to be ineffective
economic sanctions are likely to be not effective
3 alcohol contributes to the rate of violence
alcohol might cause people to become violent
4 passive smoking activates cancer
passive smoking can lead to cancer
5 recycling is generally the best solution to the waste disposal problem
recycling in most cases is the best solution to the waste disposal problem
6 physical exercise alleviates the severity of depression
physical exercise soothes the severity of depression
7 great novels do not always make great films
great novels appear to not make great films
8 private schools might provide a better education than public schools
private schools tend to provide a better education than public schools

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1.indicate
2.shows
3.question
4.support
5.assumed
6.suggest
7.ìnfluenced
8.neglected
9.encouraged
10.depicts

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Practice 3:

1. indicate

→ According to the results, there is a link……

→ The results suggest that …..
2. suggests

→ It is suggested from table 9 that Venezuelan scientists need help with writing English.

→ Based on table 9, Venezuelan scientists seem to need help with writing English.
3. question

→  Much previous research is likely to be undermined by the latest series of experiments.

→  It is rather clear that the latest series of experiments undermine much previous research.
4. support

→ The results given in figure 4 seem to be in favor of the hypothesis.

→ It is rather clear that the results in figure 4 support the hypothesis.
5. assumed

→ About 98% of the quantities displayed in the table have been assumed to be accurate.

→ Much of the quantities displayed ……..
6. suggests

→ A basis for product modification is suggested by the test results
7. influenced
8. failed
9. encouraged

→ According to table 3, the new tax has encouraged industrial investment

→ Based on table 3, the new tax has supported industrial investment
10. depicts

Practice 4:

1. → It is rather clear that physical attraction is important for marital happiness

→ Physical attraction appears to be important for marital happiness

1. → Economic sanctions seem to be ineffective

→ It would appear that economic sanctions is ineffective

1. → There is a strong possibility that alcohol causes people to become violent

→ Alcohol is thought to cause people to become violent

1. → Passive smoke contributes to cancer

→ Passive smoke is one of the major causes to cancer

1. → Recycling is one of the best solutions to the waste disposal problem

→ The waste disposal problem is believed to be solved by recycling

1. → Physical exercises tend to lessen the severity of depression

→ Physical exercises is thought to be effective in lessening the ….

1. → Some great novels do not appear to make great films

→ In some cases, great novels can not make great films.

1. Private schools can provide better education than do public schools

Private schools is believed to provide better education than ….

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Task 1
1 Mature students typically manage their deadlines better than younger students.

2 The transition from prison life to ordinary life is usually a difficult one.

3 January is normally the wettest month in the UK.

4 Smaller shops suffer a decline in trade to some extent when a supermarket opens nearby.

5 Third-year undergraduate courses , often cover less ground, but in greater depth than in the first two years.

6 Although it works quite faster than other treatments, the new drug is expensive to produce.

Task 2
1. The practice of short selling contributed to the collapse of Lehman Brothers.
2.Drought appears to be the major problem in some parts of sub-Saharan Africa.
3.Male gorillas tend to be more aggressive than female gorillas, according to research.
4.Smaller electronic companies seem to be doing better than their larger rivals.
5.A 2005 study suggested that the accuracy of Wikipedia was similar to that of the Encyclopaedia Britannica.

# data[].attributes.body
task1:
1. - Mature students arguably manage their deadlines better than younger students.
- There is the possibility that mature students manage ....
- Mature students seem to manage their deadlines ....
2. - Typically, the transition from prison life to ordinary life is a difficult one.
- The transition from prison life to ordinary life might be a difficult one.
- It is likely that the transition from prison life to ordinary life is a difficult one.
3. - January is often the wettest month in the UK.
- The wettest month in the Uk is probably January
4. - Smaller shops reportedly suffer a decline in trade ....
- It would appear that smaller shops suffer ...
5, Third-year undergraduate courses rather cover less ground, but in greater depth than in the first two years.
6, Although it works relatively faster than other treatments, the new drug is expensive to produce.
Task 2:
1. The practice of short selling contributed to the collaspe of Lehman Brothers.
2. Drought appears to be the major problem in some parts of sub-Saharan Africa.
3. Male gorillas tend to be more aggressive than female gorillas, according to research.
4. Smaller electronic companies seem to do better than their larger rivals.
5, A 2005 study suggested that the accracy of Wikipedia was similar to that of the Encyclopaedia Britannica.

# data[].attributes.body
Task 1:
1. Mature students usually manage their deadlines better than younger students.
- In comparison with younger students, mature students usually manage their deadlines better.
- Apparently, the management of deadlines in younger students is not as good as in mature students.
2. Apparently, the transition from prison life to ordinary life is a tiresome task.
- The transition from prison life to ordinary life is quite challenging.
3. January is reportedly the wettest month in the UK.
- January is normally the wettest month in the UK.
4. When a supermarket opens nearby, smaller shops relatively suffer a decline in trade.
- Apparently, there is a decline in smaller shops when a supermarket opens nearby.
5. Third-year undergraduate courses cover less ground to some extent, but deeper than in the first two years.
- Third-year undergraduate courses cover less ground in some cases, but greater depth than in the first two years.
6. Even though it works relatively faster than other treatments, the new drug is expensive to produce.
- Despite its efficiency, the new drug is expensive to produce in some cases.
Task 2:
1. The practice of short selling contributed to the collapse of Lehman Brothers.
- The practice of short selling is a key factor in the collapse of Lehman Brothers.
2. Drought appears to be a major problem in some parts of sub-Saharan Africa.
- Drought is supposed to be a major problem in some parts of sub-Saharan Africa.
3. Male gorillas tend to be more aggressive than female gorillas, according to research.
- The research shows that male gorillas are more aggressive when compared to female gorillas.
4. Smaller electronic companies seem to do better than their larger rivals.
- There is a likelihood that smaller electronic companies are doing better than their larger rivals.
5. A 2005 study suggested that the accuracy of Wikipedia was similar to that of the Encyclopaedia Britannica.
- The accuracy of Wikipedia was similar to that of the Encyclopaedia Britannica, according to a 2005 study.

# data[].attributes.body
Task 1

1. Mature students normally manage their deadlines better than young students.

Mature students tend to manage their deadlines better than young students.

2. The transition from prison life to ordinary life is a difficult one to some extent.

The transition from prison life to ordinary life seems to be a difficult one

3. Apparently, January is the wettest month in the UK.

It is rather clear that January is the wettest month in the UK.

4. Smaller shops reportedly suffer a decline in trade when a supermarket opens nearby.

It is highly likely that smaller shops suffer a decline in trade when a supermarket opens nearby.

5. Third-year ungraduate courses usually cover less ground, but in greater depth than in the first two years.

Third-year ungraduate courses appear to cover less ground, but in greater depth than in the first two years.

6. Although it works faster than other treatments in some cases, the new drug is expensive to produce.

Although it might work faster than other treatments, the new drug is expensive to produce.

Task 2

1. The practice of short selling contributed to the collapse of Lehman Brothers.

There is a good possibility that that the practice of short selling brought about the collapse of Lehman Brothers.

2. Drought appears to be the major problem in some part of sub-Saharan Africa.

It is likey that drought is the major problem in some part of sub-Saharan Africa.

3. Male gorillas tend to be more aggressive than female gorillas, according to the research.

Male gorillas are more aggressive than female gorillas to some extent, according to the research

4. Smaller electronic companies seem to do better than their larger rivals.

Smaller electronic companies tend to do better than their larger rivals.

5. A 2005 study suggested that the accuracy of Wikipedia was similar to that of Encyclopaedia Britannica.

A 2005 study said that the accuracy of Wikipedia might be similar to that of Encyclopaedia Britannica.

# data[].attributes.body
TASK 1
1. - Mature students sometimes manage their deadlines better than younger students.

- Mature students manage their deadlines better than younger students to some extent.
2. - The transition from prison life to ordinary life is a difficult one to some extent

- The transition from prison life to ordinary life is a relatively difficult one.

3. January is supposedly/ reportedly the wettest month in the UK
4. Smaller shops suffer a decline in trade reportedly when a supermarket opens nearby.
5. - Third-year undergraduate courses normally cover less ground, but in greater depth than in the first two years.
- Third-year undergraduate courses cover less ground, but in reasonably greater depth than in the first two years.

6. - Although it works faster than other treatments, the new drug is expensive to produce in some cases/ to some extent.

- Although it works relatively/ reasonably faster than other treatments, the new drug is expensive to produce.

TASK 2
1. The practice of short selling contributed to the collapse of Lehman Brothers.

- It is likely that the practice of short selling contributed to the collapse of Lehman Brothers.
2. Drought appears to be the major problem in some parts of sub-Saharan Africa.

- It would appear that drought is the major problem in some parts of sub-Saharan.
3. Male gorillas tend to be more aggressive than female gorillas, according to research.

- It is rather clear that male gorillas are more aggressive than female gorillas, according to research.
4. Smaller electronic companies seem to be doing better than their larger rivals.

- It is highly likely that smaller electronic companies are doing better than their larger rivals.

- Smaller electronic companies may be doing better than their larger rivals.
5. A 2005 study suggested that the accuracy of Wikipedia was similar to that of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

- According to a 2005 study, the accuracy of Wikipedia might be similar to that of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

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[Lesson 03] Claim Ground Warrant - Material

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[Lesson 03] Homework 01 - Claim Ground Warrant

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[Lesson 03] Homework 02 - Sample activity 01

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Ex1)
8-4-9-7-2-1-6-5-3
Ex2)
1.Warrant: the remains of carbon dioxide will change the natural characteristics of the atmosphere
2.Claim: elders have a tendency to cause road accident

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Exercise1:
7-9-2-3-6-5-8-1-4
Excercise2:
1. The decrease in the carbon dioxide per year released by nuclear power in compared to fossil fuels  reportedly contributes to environmental protection.
2. - Health problems developing among senior citizens tend to make their driving more difficult.
- These indicatives of older age group are major  factors for driving.
Exercise3:
1, Topic sentence: One factor contributing to Americanization is   US marketing dominance.
Claim:The key rationale that US multinationals giant has dominated the market could cause global citizen to be no stranger to American brands. The expansion of these companies into international area ,thus, causes the transfer of knowledge and technologies to host country
Grounds: Mc Donald's, American-based multinational fast-food chain,  now operates over 25,000 restaurants worldwide, and open six new ones per day.
Warrants: Its prominence is cited as an inevitable consequences of America's rise to marketing dominance.

2, Topic Sentence: Another contributing factor to Americanization is the influence of US media power over the world.
Claim: Since 1920s, while many countries suffered from the horrors of war, US government with the booming economy has played a facilitating role in the spread of films, television, books, journals and so on. Additionally,  American media has become more prevalent since the advent of widespread high speed Internet use.
Ground: About two-thirds of movie ticket sales around the world are for films made in the United States.
Warrant: There is no doubt that US dominant media, especially films, are likely to manage to expand their culture and values.

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Exercise 2:
2. - Claim: Unlike youngsters, mostly seniors do not have the ability to control vehicles properly.
- Warrants: Due to these health problems, a challenging driving test may help older people face fewer road hazards to some extent.

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Exercise 2:
- Topic sentence: Another reason for making making the driving test more difficult for older people is that it would likely increase the road safety.
-Claim: It is probable that changes in older people's heath affect their driving skills over time.
- Grounds: After about 60 years of age, people experience declines in reflexes, strength, eyesight, memory, concentration, and judgement as a result of the natural aging process.  These changes can make it harder for the elderly to turn their head to look back, turn the steering wheel quicky, or break safely.
- Warrants: Elderly people who are not eligible for controlling vihicles should not be award driving licence for the purpose of increasing road safety.
Exercise 3:
Thesis statement: Globalization is essentially Americanization, as US culture has become a part of the daily lives of people in countries around the world.
1.
- Topic sentence: Globalization is substantially the proliferation of American culture, which has profound influences on people around the world in terms of cuisine.
- Claim: American style food, especially fast food,
with their standardized menus, restaurant layouts, and operating procedures has changed the business culture in other nations.
- Grounds: Mc Donald's now operates over 25,000 restaurants world wide, and opens six new ones per day.
- Warrants: Restaurants such as McDonald’s provide them with American standards of customer service. People, accordingly, begin to expect those same types of standards in other businesses.
2.
- Topic sentence: Globalization is substantially the proliferation of American culture, which has profound influences on people around the world in terms of entertainment.
- Claim: The movie and entertainment industry in the US dominated most of the world's media markets
- Grounds: About two-thirds of movie ticket sales around the world are for films made in the United States.
- Warrants: By creating stories aspiring to a vast array of social groups, Hollywood makes movies that appealed to mass audiences, which included large numbers of newcomers.

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1. Paragraph 1:
- Claim: There are several reasons why people might argue that homework is an unnecessary burden on children.
-Ground:  Countries such as Finland, where school children are not given homework, regularly top international educational league tables and outperform nations where setting homework is the norm.
- Warrant: Secondly, many parents would agree that the school day is already long enough, and leaves their children too tired to do further study when they return home. Finally, it is recognised that play time is just as beneficial as study time from the perspective of brain development.
* Paragraph 2:
- Claim: The main benefit of homework is that it encourages independent learning and problem solving, as children are challenged to work through tasks alone and at their own pace.
- Ground:  For example, by doing mathematics exercises at home, students consolidate their understanding of the concepts taught by their teacher at school.
- Warrant: In doing so, students must apply the knowledge that they have learnt in the classroom. In my view, it is important for children to develop an independent study habit because this prepares them to work alone as adults.

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Some people believe that school children should not be given homework by their teachers, whereas others argue that homework plays an important role in the education of children. Discuss both of these views and give your own opinion.
People’s opinions differ as to whether or not school children should be given homework. While there are some strong arguments against the setting of homework, I still believe that it is a necessary aspect of education.

On the one hand, there is no denying the fact that homework is an unnecessary burden on children. In the first place, there is no evidence to support that homework makes significant academic progress. Take Finland, a country where school children are not given practice at home as an example. Finnish students regularly top international educational league tables and exceed nations where setting homework is compulsory. Secondly, it is recognized that in comparison with study time, play time has a key role in the maturity of children. With too much homework, a child does not have enough time to participate in outdoor activities, which can impact their learning and social development. To be more specific, lower levels of play are associated with not only lower academic achievement levels but also less character development and lower physical conditions.

On the other hand, I reckon that homework is of great significance to young generation when it comes to their schooling. The main advantage of homework is promoting time-management and problem-solving skills for youngsters. Since homework appears to surpass the completion of a task, children are under obligation to organize their schedules efficiently with a view to ensuring that all exercises can be done during the day. For example, by carrying out a large number of assignments and projects, they might grasp the importance of planning and have a good knowledge of setting priorities. In doing so, it puts children into a position where positive decision-making skills developed, which tends to give them a huge advantage when seeking a vocational career as adults.

In conclusion, from the aforementioned points, even though homework has its drawbacks in some cases, I hold a firm belief that the benefits outweigh them in the long term.

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E2

1.       As a result, should nuclear power come into effect, the atmosphere will have to suffer much less and the detrimental impact of pollution will be substantially alleviated.

2.       + Claim: the effect of old age can critically be attributed to the high risk of accidents among elder people.

+ Warrants: Consequently, if the driving exam is much more challenging, the quality of road safety will be greatly improved and the number of undesirable incidents will significantly decrease.

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1)
paragraph 1:
-Claim: There are several reasons why people might argue that homework is an unnecessary burden on children
-Grounds:
+Evidence to support the idea that homework does nothing to improve educational outcomes
+School day is already long enough, and leaves children too tired to do further study when they return home
+Play time is just as beneficial as study time for brain development
paragraph 2:
-Claim: Homework has an important role to play in the schooling of children
-Grounds: Homework encourages independent learning and problem solving, as children are challenged to work through tasks alone and at their own pace
-Warrant: In doing so, students must apply the knowledge that they have learnt in the classroom
2)
Norm(n):something that is usual, typical, or standard.
Consolidate(n):to become, or cause something to become, stronger, and more certain
At your own pace: at a speed that is comfortable for you

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EX 2:

1. Warrant: Therefore, using nuclear power releases less carbon dioxide, which puts less pressure on the atmosphere and reduces the negative impacts of pollution.

2

Claim: this is because elderly people tend to have certain problems with their

physical health

Warrants: it would be quite challenging for them to drive on roads and in some cases can lead to dangerous situations.

EX3:

1.

-Topic sentence:Fast food is also regarded as a symbol of Americanization

-Claim: Companies such as McDonald’s, Burger King, Pizza Hut have numerous outlets around the world and attract a huge number of customers.

-Grounds:Mc Donald's now operates over 25,000 restaurants world wide, and opens six new ones per day.

-Warrants: The American style of fast food eating has a big influence worldwide and plants seeds of American culture in other developing countries.

2

-Topic sentence: Hollywood has been dominating the global market

-Claim: While India produces more films in total, their impact outside of the country is increasingly limited compared to American made products.

-Grounds:About two-thirds of movie ticket sales around the world are for films made in the United States

-Warrant: Hollywood has given an insight into American culture, as people across the globe can see American fashions, customs, scenery and way of life.

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Chính a7
Homework 2:
-Claim:
Some people might argue that homework is an unnecessary burden on children (p1)

The main benefit of homework is that it encourages independent learning and problem solving, as children are challenged to work through tasks alone and at their own pace (p2)
-Ground:
Countries such as Finland, where school children are not given homework, regularly top international educational league tables and outperform nations where setting homework is the norm (p1)

For example, by doing mathematics exercises at home, students consolidate their understanding of the concepts taught by their teacher at school (p2)
-Warrant:
Secondly, many parents would agree that the school day is already long enough, and leaves their children too tired to do further study when they return home. Finally, it is recognised that play time is just as beneficial as study time from the perspective of brain development (p1)

In my view, it is important for children to develop an independent study habit because this prepares them to work alone as adults (p2)

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Exercise 2:
2. - Health problems developing among senior citizens tend to make their driving more difficult.
- These indicatives of older age group are major  factors for driving.
Exercise3:
1, Topic sentence: One factor contributing to Americanization is   US marketing dominance.
Claim:The key rationale that US multinationals giant has dominated the market could cause global citizen to be no stranger to American brands. The expansion of these companies into international area ,thus, causes the transfer of knowledge and technologies to host country
Grounds: Mc Donald's, an American-based multinational fast-food chain,  now operates over 25,000 restaurants worldwide, and open six new ones per day.
Warrants: Its prominence is cited as an inevitable consequences of America's rise to marketing dominance.

2, Topic Sentence: Another contributing factor to Americanization is the influence of US media power over the world.
Claim: Since 1920s, while many countries suffered from the horrors of war, US government with the booming economy has played a facilitating role in the spread of films, television, books, journals and so on. Additionally,  American media has become more prevalent since the advent of widespread high speed Internet use.
Ground: About two-thirds of movie ticket sales around the world are for films made in the United States.
Warrant: There is no doubt that US dominant media, especially films, are likely to manage to expand their culture and values.
[ Homework 02]
1. https://gitmind.com/app/doc/d0c12215914
2. - differ as to sth, the setting of homework, a necessary aspect of education, burden on sb, educational outcomes, norm, do further study, brain development, from the perspective of, consolidate
3, People’s opinions differ as to whether or not school children should be given homework. While there are some strong arguments against the setting of homework, I still believe that it is a necessary aspect of education.

There are several reasons why people might argue that homework is an unnecessary burden on children. Firstly, there is evidence to support the idea that homework does nothing to improve educational outcomes. Countries such as Finland, where school children are not given homework, regularly top international educational league tables and outperform nations where setting homework is the norm. Secondly, many parents would agree that the school day is already long enough, and leaves their children too tired to do further study when they return home. Finally, it is recognised that play time is just as beneficial as study time from the perspective of brain development. However, such thinking is only valid to a limited extent, because not handing out homework may mean having less time to revise for their exam, thus getting a lower score. There is also the possibility that without homework, parents appear to have trouble in realizing their children's actual abilities. These scenaries show how not giving homework to children could be counter-productive.

In spite of the above arguments, I support the view that homework has an important role to play in the schooling of children. The main benefit of homework is that it encourages independent learning and problem solving, as children are challenged to work through tasks alone and at their own pace. In doing so, students must apply the knowledge that they have learnt in the classroom. This process is also called learner autonomy by which student may fully understand what they learn and how to develop a proactive approach to their studies. For example, by doing mathematics exercises at home, students consolidate their understanding of the concepts taught by their teacher at school. Subsequently, they may pose more question on what they are learning and awake their natural curiosity. Autonomous students have the potential to learn far more than passive learners as a result. In my view, it is important for children to develop an independent study habit because this prepares them to work alone as adults.

In conclusion, homework certainly has its drawbacks, but I believe that the benefits outweigh them in the long term.

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Exercise 2:
1. Benefits of nuclear power

Warrants: Hence, with nuclear power having one of the smallest carbon footprints, its utilization may contribute to not only the substantial improvement of the air quality but also fewer adverse impacts on the atmosphere.

2. Difficult driving tests for older people.

Claim: Unlike youngsters, mostly seniors do not have the ability to control vehicles properly

Warrants: Due to these health problems, a challenging driving test may help older people face fewer road hazards to some extent.

Exercise 3:

1. McDonald’s now operates over 25,000 restaurants worldwide, and opens six new ones per day.

Topic sentence: It is undeniable that Americanization is becoming increasingly prevalent in a great many nations in the world in many aspects.

Claim: One of the significant factors leading to the popularity of American culture is cuisine, especially fast food, which is well-known and spread worldwide.

Grounds: For instance, McDonald’s, an American fast-food chain, now operates over 25,000 restaurants, and serves over 69 million customers daily in over 100 countries, making it become one of the largest restaurant chains by revenue in all over the world.

Warrants: With its greatly daily consumption and widespread restaurant chains, it is highly likely that American food culture will be progressively popular and spread in many more countries in the world.

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1. *Paragraph 1:

Topic sentence: There are several reasons why people might argue that homework is an unnecessary burden on children

Claims:

- Firstly, there is evidence to support the idea that homework does nothing to improve educational outcomes.

- Secondly, many parents would agree that the school day is already long enough, and leaves their children too tired to do further study when they return home.

- Finally, it is recognised that play time is just as beneficial as study time from the perspective of brain development

Grounds: Countries such as Finland, where school children are not given homework, regularly top international educational league tables and outperform nations where setting homework is the norm.

* Paragraph 2:

Topic sentence: In spite of the above arguments, I support the view that homework has an important role to play in the schooling of children.

Claim: The main benefit of homework is that it encourages independent learning and problem solving, as children are challenged to work through tasks alone and at their own pace. In doing so, students must apply the knowledge that they have learnt in the classroom.

Ground: For example, by doing mathematics exercises at home, students consolidate their understanding of the concepts taught by their teacher at school.

Warrant: In my view, it is important for children to develop an independent study habit because this prepares them to work alone as adults.

2. WORDS/ PHRASES | MEANING
- educational outcome (n.phr)| kết quả học tập
- league table (n.phr)| bảng xếp hạng (so sánh chất lượng giữa các trường học hoặc bệnh viện)
- outperform (v) | to do well in a particular job or activity compared to others of a similar type → làm tốt hơn
- schooling (n) | the education you receive at school → học vấn
- consolidate (v)| to become, or cause something to become, stronger, and more certain → củng cố
- to set sth (for sb)| to give sb a piece of work, a task, etc. → giao việc gì cho ai đó

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In contemporary times, the expansion of culture, tchnology and imagination. With the growth of the gobal economy, globalization is the way forward to the future. In a way, this trend of joining together may as well be boiled down to the Americanization of other countries.

Starting off, the life of the americans, their vast imaginative capacity can clearly be seen through the near monopoly of the film industry. As of currently, large film producers such as China, India, Japan and many more have all had a substantial number of films over the past few years. Sadly, the influence of those were only prevalent inside of their home country. On the other hand, the prowess of film production in america was not as great as the others, it garnered the attention of almost all of the world. Most evidently through the fact that their ticket sales account for an entire two-thirds of the total market. This proves that to the viewer, american films generally have better stories, enticing action scenes and lively daily life. Which in terms, promote the lifestyle and imagination of the americans to the world.

Secondly, america has an expansive network of fast-food chain restaurants around the world. According to recent surveys, most of the population prefer eating out at fast-food chains rather than at family diners. This can be attributed to the hustle culture america brought out to the world. A culture of hard, long work hours to improve oneself. With this, fast food chains have opened up an incredible number of restaurants around the globe. Additionally, there are pioneers such as KFC, Burger King,... But none were as vast as the chains of Mc.Donalds. Until recently, it has been reported that Mc.D's have around 25,000 active restaurants, with much of that number in branches in Europe, Asia and even in Africa. What's even more astounding is that they have 6 new ones in the chain on a daily basis. As a result, the food and speed of delivery makes people grow accustomed to these types of service, spreading the culture of american fast-food though out the world.

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1,  One factor contributing to Americanization is American eating habit, especially consuming fast-food habit .The key rationale that US multinationals giant has dominated the market could lead to global citizen being no stranger to American fast-food brands. Mc Donald's, an American-based multinational fast-food chain,  now operates over 25,000 restaurants worldwide, and open six new ones per day. In light of its strong presence and mass fast-food consumtion over the world, US culture including eating fast-food habit, American style of cooking and so on could be partly expanded into global culture.

2, Another contributing factor to Americanization is the influence of the cinema of United States called Hollywood. The classical scenes in Hollywood movies which scored the top rating, has captivated global audience and remained popular until now. About two-thirds of movie ticket sales around the world are for films made in the United States.It is understandable why American film industry could manage to expand their culture and values such as the way of living, American setting, American language and so on.

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To begin with, it is nearly undeniable that Americanization is becoming increasingly prevalent in a great many nations in the world in many aspects and one of the significant factors leading to the popularity of American culture is cuisine, especially fast food, which is well-known and spread worldwide. For instance, McDonald’s, an American fast-food chain, now operates over 25,000 restaurants, and serves over 69 million customers daily in over 100 countries, making it one of the largest restaurant chains by revenue in all over the world. Hence, with its great daily consumption and widespread restaurant chains, it is highly likely that American food culture will be progressively popular and spread in many more countries in the world.

What is more, another decisive factor contributing to the widespread American culture is the media, or more specifically, the film industry. It may come as no surprise to learn that American movies have drawn a huge international audience of all ages and sexes. To illustrate, it is estimated that about two-thirds of movie ticket sales around the world are for films made in the US, making it one of the largest film industries across the world by revenue. Therefore, with its strong attraction to international audiences, Hollywood may soon dominate the whole film industry and help American culture be absorbed in many more nations worldwide..

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1
One of the factors of Americanization is food. American habit of eating fast food has probably spreaded out over the world and so as the American brands. For examples, Mc Donald's, an American corporation that provides a huge fast food chain, now operates over 25,000 restaurants worldwide, and open six new ones per day. This trend can possibly promote American cuisine to global civic.
2.
The impact American film industry is another aspect in the Americanization process. American movies seems to have dominated most of the media markets in other countries. For instances, about two-thirds of movie ticket sales around the world are for films made in the United States. This means that American films have gained attention all around the world which resulted in the expansion of American culture including language, lifestyle,etc.

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American culture has become increasingly dominant in many parts of the world. One of the leading factors can be cuisine, especially fast food. Take for example, MC Donalds is a US-based food chain, which now operates over 25,000 restaurants worldwide, and opens new ones per day. These remarkable figures indicate that the popularity of MC Donalds is strongly correlated to the citizen's acceptance of American culture in their nation.
Another significant driver for this tendency is American entertainment such as movies, television shows and music.  About two-thirds of movie ticket sales around the world are for films made in the United States. Those kinds of things often reflect the American culture in a vivid way, which then has a profound influence on viewers in many aspects, such as the lifestyle. Citizens are familiarizing themselves with the American culture and accepting it as a norm in their life. In all, globalization can be seen as the proliferation of Americanization because of its prevalence in daily lives of people in a large number of countries.

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Para 1:

The dominance of fast food is viewed as Americanization of the entire globe. Nowadays, huge fast food companies in America such as KFC, Kentucky, etc are attracting plenty of customers around the world and becoming irreplaceable to them. For example, Mc.Donald have around 25,000 restaurants all over the world. Furthermore, they have 6 new ones in the chain per day. Day by day, the convenience and quality of the food makes them be familiar to people and such phrases like “Mcdonaldization” become popular. As a result, eating habit will help expand the American culture throughout the world.

Para 2:

Another factor contributing to the homogenization of America is the influence of their film industry, as we called Hollywood. Sound and pictures have always been huge attractions to people, and American is controlling the world images now. A vivid elastration is about two-thirds of movie ticket sales around the world are for films made in US, although the number of films in countries like India is superior. It shows that Hollywood is dominating the media industry, and American can easily spread their own lifestyle, culture, products, etc.

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Americanization has become dominant for the development of globalization in the world in many aspects. One of them is the US cuisine, notably for its fast food. The way that American fast food chains operate and expand have made a great influence on other countries, and attract a huge amount of customers worldwide. For example, McDonald's, a fast food chain based in US, now operates more than 25000 restaurant outside its country, and opens 6 new ones per day. The result is an enlargement of the US culture, which may make other nations to see it as a standard for globalization. Another factor for the Americanization to be so important in globalization is the US media, especially in the film industry. Movies made by US are shown in almost every corners of the world, and become the leading power in the film market. For instance, about two-thirds of movie ticket sales around the world are for films made by the United States. This lead to the spreading of US culture to the world, make it an essential part of life for all people.

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-To start with, the success of Americanization is shown through the impact of American cuisine world-wide. Because of the convenience factor, fast food continues to grow in popularity. Companies such as McDonald’s, Burger King, Pizza Hut have numerous outlets around the world and attract a huge number of customers. Mc Donald's alone now operates over 25,000 restaurants world wide, and opens six new ones per day and it is considered as the largest fast food chain in the world. The American style of fast food eating has a big influence worldwide and plants seeds of American culture in other developing countries.

-What’s more, the entertainment industry also plays an important role in making American culture become prevalent. The American film industry, also known as Hollywood, has been dominating the global market. While India produces more films in total, their impact outside of the country is increasingly limited compared to American made products. According to many researches, about two-thirds of movie ticket sales around the world are for films made in the United States. Hollywood has given an insight into American culture, as viewers across the globe can see American fashions, customs, scenery and way of life through U.S.films.

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The popularity of Americanization can be attributed to a host of factors. A major contributor to it is cuisine, especially fast food, whose many brands are well-known around the world. McDonald’s, for example, now operates over 25,000 restaurants worldwide, opens six new ones per day, and is also considered as the largest food chain in the world. The wide and growing assumption of this exclusive American brand has partly shown that American food culture is generally  accepted, becoming indispensable to most global citizens’ lives.

Moreover, the increasing prevalence of American culture can be mainly driven by the film industry’s enormous influence in many parts of the world . It is highly likely that the American film industry, known as Hollywood, has far been nominating the global market. According to statistics , about two-third of movie ticket sales around the world are for films made in the United state. Through cinema , viewers can be given fascinating insights  into US culture as they are familiar with a range of images and footage reflecting  it.

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[Lesson 05] Homework - Sample Activity 2

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Numerous reasons can be brought up to explain why the masses believe that universities should only provide subjects that benefit the future of the student. Courses such as pharmaceutical study, civil engineering and information technology have a higher probability of success in this competitive society. According to recent studies, the current civilization has become more advanced than ever before. This accentuates the need for the educated youth to rise and lead the global population. As such, jobs such as an AI developer, accountant, doctor, etc. have been in high demand in current times. In addition, the ability to force the next generation into studying aforementioned subjects in higher education can grant the government the ability to maximize/disseminate the benefits of such work. As a result, issues regarding skill or economic gaps can easily be resolved, guaranteeing a prosperous future.

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There are a variety of reasons for people believing that universities should only provide subjects that will be useful in the future. They may assert that university courses like medicine, engineering and information technology are more likely to be beneficial than certain art degrees. This is because nowadays the modern world has evolved than ever before, which results/ resulting in the rising need for medical professionals or technology developers. Quite apparently, it can be seen that students studying these courses can have more job opportunities, career progression and better salaries.Furthermore, the ability to impose such areas of study on certain generation can provide the government with the opportunity to guarantee that the economic knowledge and skill shortages are filled. Finally, a focus on technology in higher education could lead to new inventions, economic development, and greater future prosperity.

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On the one hand, there are various reasons why university students should be obliged to study major subjects. Perhaps the most significant of these is future employability. Some recent research shows that careers related to science, medicine and technology are in high demand, so that they can increase their chances of getting high-paying jobs and working for tech giants such as Google or Microsoft. Another reason is connected to society. This is because universities build the next generation who leads the country and they have to yield the science, medicine and technology workforce which is crucial to the development of society. For example, improvement in medicine mainly rely on advances in medical research and technology. Last but not least, these subjects help improve intellectual abilities for students and it would be useful for their career in the future.

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People have different views about how much choice students should have with regard to what they can study at university. While some argue that it would be better for students to be forced into certain key subject areas,others believe that everyone should be able to study the course of their choice.This essay will shed light on both view and explain my own opinion.

On the one hand, there are various reasons why people believe that universities should only offer subjects that will be useful in the future. They may assert that university courses like medicine, engineering and information technology are more likely to be beneficial than certain art degrees. From a personal perspective, it can be argued that these courses provide more job opportunities, career progression, better salaries, and therefore an improved quality of life for students who take them. Such advantages will be supposedly offered only when student opts for certain subjects related to science and technology. On the societal level, by forcing people to choose particular university subjects, governments can ensure that any knowledge and skill gaps in the economy are covered. Finally, a focus on technology in higher education could lead to new inventions, economic growth, and greater future prosperity. However such thinking is only valid to a limited extent, because the larger influx of graduates in science and technology studies into the labour market is actually a primary driving force behind the rising youth unemployment - another contributory factor in slowing economy . These scenaries show how forcing student to study certain key subject areas could be counter-productive.

On the other hand, it is understanable why university students should be free to choose their preferred areas of study. In my opinion, society will benefit more if our students are passionate about what they are learning. To be more specific, if knowledge is acquired in a comfortable state, students could learn them faste Besides, nobody can really predict which areas of knowledge will be most useful to society in the future, and it may be that employers begin to value creative thinking skills above practical or technical skills. If this were the case, perhaps we would need more students of art, history and philosophy than of science or technology.

In conclusion, although it might seem sensible for universities to focus only on the most useful subjects, I personally prefer the current system in which people have the right to study whatever they like.

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There are various reasons why people believe that universities should only offer subjects that will be useful in the future. They may assert that university courses like medicine, engineering and information technology are more likely to be beneficial than certain art degrees. From a personal perspective, it can be argued that these courses provide more job opportunities, career progression, better salaries, and therefore an improved quality of life for students who take them. On the societal level, by forcing people to choose particular university subjects, governments can ensure that any knowledge and skill gaps in the economy are covered. Schools will be able to look for potential students earlier for scientific fields which plays an important role in increasing the resource of professional labor. Finally, a focus on technology in higher education could lead to new inventions, economic growth, and greater future prosperity. For instance, researchers have revealed the most extensive genetic of cancer, which could help understand the origin of this deadly disease. With more students doing science and technology and working on such studies, they might eventually be able to solve many problems in the world.

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There are numerous reasons why people believe that universities should only offer subjects that is important for the development of society. Firstly, university courses related to science are more likely to be beneficial than certain art degrees. To explain, medicine can improve people's health, engineering can solve the problem of housing, and technology can help people discover more about the outside world. Such subjects not only contribute to the quality of life, but also make significant breakthroughs for the civilization. Secondly, it is also true that these courses  provide more job opportunities, career progression and better salaries. For instance, those following main areas of study may have a chance to work for international companies, which offer them numerous advantages in the near future. Moreover, by making these educational programs a must, governments can ensure that any knowledge and skill gaps in the economy are covered, especially in this time when the demand for all countries is being more and more challenging. Finally, a focus on technology in higher education could lead to new inventions, economic growth, and greater future prosperity. Many useful scientific findings in astronomy, biology and computer science have opened a new look into our surroundings, which is fundamental to the advancement of human society.

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There are numerous reasons why some people believe universities should only teach subjects that will be beneficial in the future. They may claim that certain art degrees are less likely to be advantageous than university programs in pharmaceutical study, engineering, or information technology. From a personal standpoint, it might be claimed that these courses give students with more employment options, career progression, higher salaries, and hence a better quality of life. For instance, by obtaining a degree in technology, people can improve their chances of getting well-paying jobs as tech behemoths like Google and Facebook are in high demand for this kind of talent. Therefore, it is unquestionably believed that college students should be involved in studies that relate to such fields in order for them to grow personally and adapt to changing situations in the future. On a societal level, governments can make sure that any knowledge and skill gaps in the economy are covered by requiring students to choose specific university majors. Last but not least, a concentration on technology in higher education may result in new discoveries, economic expansion, and increased future prosperity.

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On the one hand, it is widely assumed that university students should be offered only subjects that will be advantageous in the future for some reasons. It is rather clear that those departments such as medicine or information technology are highly beneficial than others like art or music. More explicitly, studying these subjects may lead to more job opportunities and better salaries, which will be of great help to the improvement of students’ living standards in the future. For instance, in this digital age constantly requiring data storage and artificial intelligence, it comes as no surprise that those doing jobs related to information technology are expected to be in great demand in the foreseeable future. However, forcing students to study some certain subjects in which they were not in the least interested could also have an adverse impact on their lives. It is likely that students may lose all their motivation for studying, be absent from almost every lesson, and be confused about their future lives. Hence, it is vitally important that university students take subjects into account carefully for a more promising future.

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There are a multitude reasons why people believe that universities should only offer subjects that will be useful in the future. They have a belief that university courses like pharmatical, engineering and foreign languages are more likely to be beneficial than most art degrees in the current age. From my personal opinion, it is without a doubt that these courses provide more job opportunities, which will generally lead to a better career progression, therefore students will get better salaries and an improved quality of life. For example, recently there has been a high demand for students that are well-versed in different languages. This is due to the fact that with the constant development of civilization, more companies and organizations are willing to cooperate with various countries and cultures on a global scale.
In addition to this, by forcing people to choose particular university subjects, governments can ensure that any knowledge and skill gaps in the economy are covered. Thus, compromising the possibilities of future failures.
Last but not least, a focus on technology in higher education could provide students with easy-to-access information and accelarated learning. It enables students to explore new subjects, and deepen their understanding of difficult concepts.

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[Lesson 06] Advantages and Disadvantages essay - Material

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[Lesson 06] Homework - Sample Activity 3

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ground: Take America for example. As of currently, it has a population of around 329,5 billion people, according to research conducted by the WHO. This already puts an enormous strain on the healthcare system. What makes this issue inherently worse is the fact that the national demographic of the US seems to be aging at an alarming rate. With the current number of the elderly, hospitals in the US had to overload with COVID patients lining up to be treated. In addition, also due to COVID, an increase in demand surged through the country while supplies have been steadily diminishing due to an interuption in global imports. This caused the cost of medicine to increase exponentially, costing the eldery millions in medicine alone.
warrant: one can certainly say that the US health system has quite fallen off. in recent years, tax on medicine have also been on the rise, making the price of such goods out of reach for most of the elderly. Due to this, many would attempt to seek altenatives regardless of the risk. subsequently, they may be endangering their lives rather than gaining any benefits while clinics struggle to make ends meet.

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Grounds 1: A vivid elastration is Singapore. This country has one of the most rapidly ageing populations in the world, and it is estimated that by 2030, one in four people will be aged over 65 years, and, that this will rise to almost one in two by 2050 (according to Population Whitepaper). As a result, the likelihood of elderly people requiring medical treatment becomes higher, and it becomes almost impossible for hospitals to provide effective healthcare for all of them, especially in the period of Covid-19 pandemic.                          Warrants 1: Elderly people are more vulnerable to chronic diseases, such as heart attacks or diabetes, that require special medical treatments to be effectively treated. As a result, the government might have to devote a larger budget to hospitals and nursing homes in order to serve the growing demands of an ageing population and this can seriously affect government spending and the economy as a whole

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Ground 1: For instance, Japan, whose aging population rate is alarming at 28%, has to deal with the overload of hospitals and nursing homes as a results of increasing number of old patients with age-related problems, especially during Covid-19.
Warrant 1: And as a result, this may drag the economic growth rate down, as the government constantly have to spend money on clinics and wards to purchase new equipments and keep them well-functioned.

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Ground: Japan, for instance, has the highest propotion of elderly citizens in the world, so the government have to invest a huge amount of money on insurance and medical facilities.
Warrants: Older persons use more healthcare services than younger people because they have more health problems so demands for health facilities will increase, which results in increasing costs of long-term care and hospital labor shortages and becomes burden for the country 's economy

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Claim 1: One obvious issue with an ageing population is that it can create enormous demands on a nation's health service.

Ground 1: An ageing population tends to have a higher prevalence of Osteoarthritis, physical disabilities, chronic diseases which  is generally accompanied by high demand for intensive therapy, large healthcare workers and equipments.
Warrant 1: Difficulty in researching new therapy for age-related problems and  the rapid growth in the elderly population reasonably puts a strain on the government to meed the speacial health care needs.

Claim 2: A further downside is that living longer does not neccessarily bring happiness to an elderly person.

Ground 2: The elderly people bearing the financial burden of paying for hospital expenses and enormous  stresses and strains of health problems may have less chance of enjoying their lives.

Warrant 2: As a result, living longer means probably having more health problems. Since they continue to struggle for their financial issues and health problems , they could have no time seeking their happiness.