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Pre-Conquest Period or Pre-Colonial Period (900-1521)

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Pre-Conquest Period or Pre-Colonial Period (900-1521)

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The Pre-Colonial Period is where our indigenous ancestors inhabited the Philippines and the time were for ritual purposes or every day use only. As local communities were established, art starts to go beyond mere craft, i.e.., stone weapons or jewelry but starts to have decorative elements , meaning, and context.

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Pre-Conquest Period or Pre-Colonial Period (900-1521)

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Pre-Conquest Period or Pre-Colonial Period (900-1521)

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Pre-Conquest Period or Pre-Colonial Period (900-1521)

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Pre-Conquest Period or Pre-Colonial Period (900-1521)

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LITERATURE -  It can be in written and oral from. Cave drawings and writings are the earliest forms of written literature, and  ritual, chants, and storytelling are the earliest forms of oral literature.

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Pre-Conquest Period or Pre-Colonial Period (900-1521)

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Pre-Conquest Period or Pre-Colonial Period (900-1521)

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VISUAL ARTS -  Sculpture , paintings, and pottery were the widely known forms of visual arts in the Pre- Colonial Period, such as tattoos from the pintados in Panay, the Bulul that is a wooden sculpture of the God of Ifugaos, and the Manunggul burial jar that was found in Palawan.

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Visual Art of  Pre-Conquest Period or Pre-Colonial Period (900-1521)

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Visual Art of  Pre-Conquest Period or Pre-Colonial Period (900-1521)

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 Pre-Conquest Period or Pre-Colonial Period (900-1521)

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 Pre-Conquest Period or Pre-Colonial Period (900-1521)

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ARCHITECTURE - Earliest Filipinos are known to be dwelling in caves.

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Pre-Conquest Period or Pre-Colonial Period (900-1521)

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Pre-Conquest Period or Pre-Colonial Period (900-1521)

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MUSIC - They used wind instruments

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Pre-Conquest Period or Pre-Colonial Period (900-1521)

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Pre-Conquest Period or Pre-Colonial Period (900-1521)

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DANCE -  They imitate the movement of animals in nature.

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When the Spaniards arrived in the Philippines in 1521, the colonizers used art as a tool to propagate the Catholic faith through beautiful images to explain the concepts behind Catholicism and to tell the stories of Christ's life and passion.

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LITERATURE - Baybayin from Mangyans of Mindoro was on of the only preserve traditional writings of the Filipinos, and the Doctrina Christiana ( the teachings of Christianity) was introduced by the the Spaniards.

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VISUAL ARTS - Most of the artworks express a hidden desire for rebellion against Spain, such as the Basi Reolt that is a series of 14 paintings by Esteban Villanueva; the Carta Hydograpica y Chorograhica de las Yslas Filipinas that is the first scientific map of  the Philippines by Franco Suarez and Nicolas deal Cruz Bagay; the Spolarium of Juan Luna that won as the Gold Medalist in Spain; and the Virgenes Chritianas expuestas al Populacho by Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo that won as a Silver Medalist in Madrid, Spain

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Carta Hydrographica y Chorographica de las Yslas Filipinas

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ARCHITECTURE - Plaza Complex was introduced; churches were built in cruciform following the shape of the Latin Cross; Churches are baroque in design but Filipino design was incorporated; and houses are known to be Bahay na Bato/Bahay na Tisa.

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Bahay na Tisa in 1850

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Early Santos That are Made

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SCULPTURE - Santos are made of ivory or wood; relleves are known to be facade of churches; and the Carroza or the plateria that is a pedestal used in religious Catholic procession where an image is loaded

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MUSIC AND DANCE - Pasyon or Pabasa that narrates about the passion of Christ is introduced in 1742; the kundiman Filipino love song flourish; and the opening of the Suez Canal Galleon Trade was performed with the dances Pandanggo, tango, polka, dansa, ringodon, habanera, and jota.

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Pasyon or Pagbasa narrates about the Passion of Christ is introduced in 1742

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THEATRE - Zarzuela of Saruela was developed. It is a Spanish lyric-dramatic genre that alternates spoken and sung scenes, the latter incorporating operatic and popular songs, as well as dance. Another is the popularity known as Easter pageant. Senakulo, or the Passion Play that is dramatic presentation depicting the Passsion of Jesus Christ: his trial, suffering, and death. It is a traditional part of Lent in several Christian denominations, particularly in the Catholic tradition. Lastly, the play written to dramatize the recent capture by a Christian Filipino army of an Islamic stronghold. It was different versions which are the Moro-moro of the Tagalogs and the Araguio or Arakyo of Nueva Ecija.

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The Zarzuela Of Saruela

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The American Colonial Period was classical in nature, and the artworks are in neo-classical and modern form. One of their greatest contibutions to the Philippines is the educational sytems.

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ARCHITECTURE - All Architectural designs are classical in nature, including art deco design on building and house. City planning was a huge step in the development of Manila, where major buildings are Neo-Classical in the designs the same designs used Washington DC. During this time, Daniel Burnham commissioned to design Manila and Baguio, while William Parsons implemented the Burnham plans

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Architure in the 1900's

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THEATRE - Vaudeville is a theatrical genre of variety entertainment born in France at the end of the 19th century . A vaudeville was originally a comedy without psychological or more intentions, based on comical situation: a dramatic composition or light poetry, interspersed with songs o ballets Vaudeville was popular in the Philippines during the American period up to the Japanese occupation.

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The Vaudeville is popular genre of entertainment in the Philippines from the 1910s

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VISUAL ARTS - Fernando Amorsolo became famous during the American Period because of his paintings that depict Filipino culture and Guillermo Tolentino with his famous sculptures, the UP Oblation (1935) and the Bonifacio Monument (1933)

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UP Oblation in 1935

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The arrival of the Japanese caused tremendous fear, hardships, and suffering among the Filipinos. The Filipino lost their freedom of speech and expression. The development of art was also stopped resulting in being the dark period of Philippine history. It is also during this period where modern art slowly penetrating the art world. Most of the artworks depict the sentiments of artist during the war. Modern artist emerged, such as Victorio Edades together with Carlos "Botong" Francisco and Galo Hernandes who were considered as the "Triumvirates" that pioneered moedern arts in the country.

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LITERATURE - During the Japanese period, Philippine Literature in English was stopped and writers turned to writing in Filipino. The Japanese authorities, with extreme hate to the Americans, did their best to turn the Filipinos’ sympathy away from them. They rewarded handsomely the Filipinos who are faithful to them.

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The Japanese attack Pearl Harbor.

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Allied Forces establish General Headquarters (GHQ), Southwest Pacific Area (SWPA) in Melbourne, Australia. SWPA includes the Philippines. Gen. Douglas MacArthur becomes Commander-in-Chief. In April 18, 1942

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U.S. Forces in the Philippines cease operations with surrender of American Forces in the Philippines.

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U.S. Army Forces in Australia (part of SWPA) becomes U.S. Army Services of Supply (USASOS). In July 1942

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General MacArthur reconstitutes his former headquarters in the Philippines. The new U.S. Army Forces in the Far East (USAFFE) becomes responsible for all administrative staff duties pertaining to U.S. Army units in the SWPA. In February 1943

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Filipino guerilla units are designated as USAFFE forces. In February 1943-1945

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A-Day (Assault Day)
U.S. forces successfully land on east coast beaches of Leyte as part of the Allied invasion of Leyte.

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General MacArthur announces the end of organized Japanese resistance on Leyte. Japanese defenders continue to fight as units until December 31, and some disorganized resistance continues through May 1945

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V-J Day (Victory over Japan Day) or V-P Day (Victory in the Pacific Day)
Japan surrenders, ending World War II. The news breaks in the U.S. on August 14, 1945, due to time zone differences.

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Contemporary art minors contemporary culture and society, offering the general audience rich resources to consider current ideas and rethink the familiar. the work of contemporary artists is a dynamic combination of materials, methods, concepts, and subject that challenges traditional contemporary art is distinguished by the every lack of uniform organizing principle, ideology, -ism

In this time, culture and art became highlighted during the Marcos regime when Imelda Marcos thought of having a home for the arts, and the Cultural Center of the Philippines was built.

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The New Filipino Literature During This Period
- Philippines literature in Tagalog was revived during this period. Most theme in the writings dealt with Japanese brutalities, of the poverty of the life under the Japanese government and the brave guerilla exploits

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Modern Literature

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PERIOD OF ACTIVISM (1970 -1972)
Many young people became activists to ask for changes in the government. In the expression of this desire for change, keep were the writings of some youth who were fired with nationalism in order to emphasize the importance of their petitions

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The Period of Activism

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Period of The New Society ( 1972-1980)
Almost all themes in most writings dealt with the development or progress of the country - like the Green Revolution, family planning, proper nutrition, environment, drug addiction and pollution. The New Society tried to stop pornography or those writings giving bad influence on the morals of the people. All school newspaper were temporarily stopped and so with school organizations

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Radio and Television
- Radio continued to be patronized during this period. The play series like ZI MATAR, DAHLIA, ITO AND PALAD KO, and MR. LONELY with the form of recreation of those without television.

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In 1949 DZRH began airing the first radio drama

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Style in Contemporary Architecture
- Contemporary Architecture is definable broadly as the building style of the present day. However, examples do not necessarily have similar or easily recognizable features because the "style" is really quite varied and has a number of different inlfuences

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The Araneta Coliseum was constructed from 1957 to late 1959, and designed and built by Architect Dominador Lacson Lugtu and Engineer Leonardo Onjunco Lugtu

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Contemporary art is the art of today, produced by the artist who are living in the twenty-first century. As such, it reflects the complex issues that shape our diverse, global, and rapidly changing the world. Through their work many contemporary  artists explore personal or cultural identity, offer critiques of social and institutional structures, or even attempt to redefine art itself.

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Our history changes overtime through literature, visual art, architecture. Philippines been colonized by three great countries. When the Spanish, American and Japanese came to the island, Philippines grows with prosperity, we learn a lot of knowledge and became adequate. At the same time we been terrorize by the hands of foreigners. The U.S fought the Spain and Japan and the Americans took possession of the Philippines. United States improve the economy and the system of government, where Filipinos had greater political participants. Through history we will never forget the suffering that the foreign brought to us. Every time that we became colonized our beliefs changes. Sometimes
this can be used for good or bad, but it is up to us how to handle it.

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Philippine Literature: The Contemporary Period

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The Contemporary Period of the Philippines Literature

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When the Spaniards arrived in the Philippines in 1521, the colonizers used art as a tool to propagate the Catholic faith through beautiful images. With communication as a problem, the friars used images to explain the concepts behind Catholicism and to tell the stories of Christ's life and passion.

LITERATURE - Baybayin from Mangyans of Mindoro was one of the only preserved traditional writings of the Filipinos, and the Doctrina Christiana (the teachings of
Christianity) was introduced by the Spaniards.

VISUAL ARTS - Most of the artworks express a hidden desire for rebellion against Spain, such as the Basi Revolt that is a series of 14 paintings by Esteban Villanueva; the Carta Hydrograpica y Chorographica de Ias Yslas Filipinas that is the first scientific map of the Philippines by Francisco Suarez and Nicolas deal Cruz Bagay; the Spolarium of Juan Luna that won as the Gold Medalist in Spain; and the Virgenes Christianas expuestas al Populacho of Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo that won as a Silver Medalist in Madrid, Spain.

ARCHITECTURE - Plaza Complex was introduced; churches were built in cruciform
following the shape of the Latin Cross; Churches are baroque in design but Filipino design was incorporated; and houses are known to be Bahay na Bato/Bahay na Tisa.

SCULPTURE - Santos are made of ivory or wood; relleves are known to be the facade of churches; and the Carroza or the plateria that is a pedestal used in religious Catholic procession where an image is loaded.

MUSIC AND DANCE - Pasyon or Pabasa that narrates about the passion of Christ is introduced in 1742; the kundiman Filipino love song flourish; and the Opening of the Suez Canal -
Galleon Trade was performed with the dances Pandanggo, tango, polka, dansa, rigodon, habanera, and jota.

THEATRE - Zarzuela of Sarsuela was developed. It is a Spanish lyric-dramatic genre that alternates spoken and sung scenes, the latter incorporating operatic and popular songs, as well as dance. Another is the popularly known Easter pageant, Senakulo, or the Passion Play that is a dramatic presentation depicting the Passion of Jesus Christ: his trial, suffering, and death. It is a traditional part of Lent in several Christian denominations, particularly in the Catholic tradition. Lastly, the Komedya that was created by Spanish priests in 1637. It is a play written to dramatize the recent capture by a Christian Filipino army of an Islamic stronghold. It has different versions which are the Moro-moro of the Tagalogs and the Araguio or Arakyo of Nueva Ecija.

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History Of Philippine Art Timeline | Preceden

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When the Spaniards arrived in the Philippines in 1521, the colonizers used art as a tool to propagate the Catholic faith through beautiful images. With communication as a problem, the friars used images to explain the concepts behind Catholicism and to tell the stories of Christ's life and passion.

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Search in the National Archives Catalog for all Philippine Archives Collection descriptions. 1941-1942 1943-1944 1945 1946-1950 1951-Present About Collection Dates A review of military operations in the Pacific provides context for appreciating the origin, arrangement, and condition of the records…

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Japanese period is our first topic for the final period. Japanese period has been called one of the darkest days in the history and literary tradition of the Philippines. The wartime experiences and events of the troubled times left indelible imprints to the lives of the Filipino nation. However, there are still few and remaining bright spots in this generally dark and gloomy days. It is our duty, as students of Philippine literature not to be selective and biased in our treatment of the various literary pieces regardless of what period it was produced. Moreover, the richness of our literary tradition incorporates all possible literatures and, like a solitary candle flickering in the dead night, a certain piece might just be waiting for us to discover and appreciate its exquisite beauty peculiar to the period in which it was written. Hence, come along and join me discover such gems of our Philippine literature during the Japanese period.

Intended learning outcomes

At the completion of this topic, you should be able to:

trace the historical events and development of Philippine Literature during the Japanese period;

discuss the types of poetry (Haiku and Tanka) during the Japanese period; and

analyze and appreciate the poem as a literary genre by writing own Haiku and Tanka.

Historical background

The stride and growth of the Philippine literature in English language and the development of Philippine literature in general was interrupted during the Japanese period. The Japanese censured all publications except Tribune and Philippine Review. During the Japanese period, Philippine Literature in English was stopped and writers turned to writing in Filipino. The Japanese authorities, with extreme hate to the Americans, did their best to turn the Filipinos' sympathy away from them. They rewarded handsomely the Filipinos who are faithful to them.

In prose literature, the weekly Liwayway Magazine was put into strict surveillance and was managed by a Japanese named Ishiwara. The Japanese language, Nippongo was introduced but not well-embraced by the Filipinos despite it is being forcefully taught by the Japanese. With the prohibition of writing literary pieces in English language, Filipino literature was given a break. Many Filipino writers wrote plays, poems, short stories, etc. in the Tagalog and other vernacular language. Topics and themes were often about life in the provinces to escape Japanese control and censorship.

Philippine literature poems during Japanese period

Haiku

Haiku is a poem of free verse of Japanese origin. It has 17 syllables divided into 3 lines. The first has 5 syllables, second has 7, and the third has 5 syllables. The famous haikus that were penned by the early Japanese haiku masters such as Bashō, Issa, Buson and Shiki. To know more about Haikus, click here.

Haiku normally features allegorical meaning. It is usually short but it covers a wide scope. The favorite topics of haiku writers include nature, love, patriotism, nationalism, friendship and the human emotions.

Haiku samples

Tagalog English

Tutubi Dragonfly
Hila mo'y tabak, -5- You pull a saber, Ang bulaklak nanginig, -7- The flower is shivering, Sa paglapit mo. -5- Moment you approached. Anyaya Invitation Ulilang damo, -5- A lonely grass, Sa tahimik na ilog, -7- By the edge of the river, Halika, sinta. -5- Come with me, my love.
On the above sample haikus, you notice that the 5-7-5 syllable count for the Tagalog original is not faithfully followed by the English translation. However, when you craft your own haikus later, you will be using English as the medium. You may refer to the instructions by reading "Haiku and Tanka Writing" section located below.

Tanka

Tanka poem is very similar to haiku but Tanka poems have more syllables and it uses simile, metaphor and personification. Tanks poems are written about nature, seasons, love, sadness and other strong emotions. This form of poetry dates back almost 1200 years ago. You can read more about tanka by clicking here.

The 31 syllables are divided into 5 lines with: first line with 5, second line with 7, third line with 5, fourth line with 7,and the fifth line with 7 as illustrated by the example below:
Winter Beautiful mountains, -5- Rivers with cold, cold water, -7- White cold snow on rock, -5- Trees over the place with frost, -7- White sparkly snow everywhere. -7-
As cited above from a sample Tanka found on the listed website below, the Tanka is a very expressive yet reserved form of lyric poem. It captures your imagination by using short, catchy and meaningful utterances. Now the question is, can you write your own haiku and Tanka?

Haiku and Tanka writing

To demonstrate your appreciation and understanding of Haiku and Tanka, you are required to participate in this activity. Follow the instruction below so you will be guided properly.

1. Choose a favorite topic which you are comfortable to write with.

2. Write 6 Haikus and 4 Tankas.

3. Place your 6 Haikus on two short (8.5×11) bond papers (three Haikus per bond paper).

4. Place your 4 Tankas on two short (8.5×11) bond papers (two Tankas per bond paper).

5. There must be a separate title per Haiku/Tanka as each is distinct and separate from each other.

6. You are free to bring out your artistic juices.

7. I will pick the best Haikus and Tankas and publish them in our TIP Voice Literary Folio.

8. Enjoy!

Works cited

http://www.haiku-poetry.org/what-is-haiku.html

http://www.poemhunter.com/poems/haiku/

http://www.edu.pe.ca/stjean/playing%20with%20poetry/Hennessey/how_to_write_a_tanka_poem.htm

http://www.tankaonline.com/About%20Tanka%20and%20Its%20History.htm

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Japanese period has been called one of the darkest days in the history and

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Japanese period is our first topic for the final period. Japanese period has been called one of the darkest days in the history and literary tradition of the Philippines. The wartime experiences and events of the troubled times left indelible imprints to the lives of the Filipino nation.

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Contemporary Arts Philippines & its Regions K to 12 Program