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Puerto Ricans working sugar cane fields in Hawaii, early 1900s

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A hurricane devastated Hawaii and its sugar cane fields in 1899. Many recruitment centers were located in Puerto Rico and other parts of the world to get workers to help rebuild Hawaii's farms. In doing so, nearly 5,000 Puerto Ricans were then quickly moved to Hawaii to work. By 1903, Puerto Rican kids were enrolled in Hawaiian schools.

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Since 1917 the US has had possession over Puerto Rico and fewer than 2,000 resided in the entire US. This was often called internal migration because they were supposedly "citizens" but yet lacked all normal privileges.

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Early Puerto Rican immigrants in Hawaii.

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By 1924 there is a record of some teachers in Hawaii being Puerto Rican. 2.2% of the Hawaiian population in 1923 identified as Puerto Ricans, around 5,000 people.

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Puerto Rico faces an infrastructural and public health crisis that causes many to leave. In addition, in the years 1928 and 1932 they were hit by devastating hurricanes. They also dealt with political problems due to the lack of local power they had.

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A picture of Puerto Ricans in NYC around 1946

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Due to the economic depression in 1945 in Puerto Rico, many Puerto Ricans moved to the United States as they had more jobs and provided a fresh start. Many settled near NYC and created small communities as immigration.

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By 1950 airborne migrations had been possible, so the population grew to half a million by the 1960s. A majority of them settled in New York City making it the US capital for their culture but there were various east coast states and cities to which they migrated to.

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Young Puerto Ricans taking to the streets during discriminatory times, 1960s

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The US faced fewer jobs in big cities during this time. This slowed the immigration for Puerto Ricans due to there being fewer opportunities. Due to this, many 1st gens moved back to Puerto Rico. In addition, many Puerto Ricans also faced discrimination due to their skin color and language while also dealing with unemployment and poverty.

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Many Puerto Ricans came to the US in the 1970s as seasonal workers in the southwest. They had to pay for their own travel expenses and working conditions were bad. Despite this, after the seasonal job was done, many stayed in the United States and moved to nearby urban communities.

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During the 1980 the population of Puerto Ricans increased greatly in Florida. New Jersey used to be the 2nd state with the greatest concentration of Puerto Ricans but it was surpassed. The Puerto Rican population was nearly 2.5x as much as than in the 1970s. Many moved because they were stationed there on military bases or were recruited to work.

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A picture of National Puerto Rican Day Parade

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An influx of Puerto Ricans migrated to the US for the same reason of economic opportunity. The migration from these few years was greater than in the 1980s and 1990s.