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The South Korean government said on June 21 it was investigating the worst outbreak of food poisoning ever to hit Seoul and the surrounding areas of Incheon and Kyonggi -do. More than 1,500 students at 22 schools fell ill after eating school lunches provided by the nation’s biggest food supplier, CJ Food System.

The Education Ministry has effectively banned the sale of foods delivered by CJ Food System in its 68 schools in the region. Some 930 elementary, middle and high school students in Seoul, 500 in Incheon, and 57 in Kyonggi-do have been suffering from symptoms including nausea, diarrhea, stomachaches, and fever since June 16.

Uri Party spokesman Woo Sang-ho said, ＂It was regrettable that the subsidiary belonging to one of the nation’s largest conglomerates was responsible for this careless act.＂He also said his administration would launch a fact finding mission to prevent any recurrence.

Health officials at the Korean Food and Drug Administration (KFDA)식품의약품안전관리본부 and the Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC)질병관리본부

have begun inspecting school cafeterias and the food processing facilities of CJ Food System to discover what caused the outbreak.

In the meantime, CJ Food System said it would voluntarily suspend food operations to the 1,700 cafeteria operators it currently serves throughout the nation. They also agreed to donate all the equipmentand facilities they have installed in schools over the years.

The latest food scandal has prompted government officials to step up measures to improve the management of school meals and to agree imposing stronger penalties on companies that fail to screen out contaminatedingredients provided by their subcontractors.

Currently, the law punishes only those who were found to have manufactured and distributed the contaminated food.

Over the past four years, a total of 26 cases of food poisoning have been reported at schools around the country, affecting over 3,000 students, according to government statistics.

Staff reporter Jay Kim

|   | 출처: 청소년 영자신문 틴타임즈 (www.teentimes.org)

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Most of us use them multiple times a day, every day. All around the world, in fact, people communicate with icon faces, foods, animals, hand gestures, and more, called emojis. As such, the Oxford English Dictionary crowned an emoji its word of the year - specifically, the image of the yellow face that is both laughing and crying.

The publication awards this title annually, but this year many people were confused. After all, an emoji is not actually a word. However, most language experts agreed that an emoji still fits the definition of a word, considering that emojis are individual units that each have a meaning, just like a word in any language.

As further proof, linguistics researchers say nearly 100 percent of smartphone users aged 25 and younger use emojis in their text messages. In Britain and the United States, 80 percent and 74 percent, respectively, communicate with emojis. In total, about 8 trillion text messages are sent every year, according to Bloomberg news. And more and more of these messages include emojis to clarify the sender’s sentiments.

Emojis were invented in Japan in the late 1990. Prior to that, many people used emoticons, which express emotions, such as a colon and parenthesis to make a smiley face.

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A server error caused many Tesla drivers to become temporarily locked out of their vehicles on Nov. 19. Users reported that the Tesla smartphone application wasn’t working, with some users posting on Twitter that the problem was due to a server error. As the application is used by many drivers to open their car doors, some Tesla drivers complained that they couldn’t enter their vehicles. At around 9:40 p.m. (GMT), approximately 500 users had reported problems with the Tesla application, according to the outage detecting website DownDetector.

The server problem affected Tesla drivers internationally. One user from Korea, Jae-hwan Cho, posted on Twitter that he had also been affected by the server outage. “Still stuck in Seoul,” he tweeted. Another user from the U.S., Zachary Kiefer, said that he was stuck outside his car for hours. He called for a tow truck to move his vehicle, but the application started working before the truck arrived. In response to the complaints, Tesla CEO Elon Musk apologized on Twitter. “Apologies, we will take measures to ensure this doesn’t happen again,” he said.

Drivers are also able to open their vehicles using a key card. However, some users find it more convenient to use the smartphone application. Stuart Masson, the founder and editor of the automobile website The Car Expert, says that drivers should not be totally reliant on applications when they need to open their vehicles. “If we are reliant on one mechanism all the time, we can be caught out,” said Masson.

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Prehistoric Teen’s DNA Sheds Light On Sulawesi's Mysterious Lost Culture   [2021-09-14]

The remains of a young female who died around 7,200 years ago on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi have provided a startling insight into the geographical movements of early modern humans. Unearthed during excavations of the Leang Panninge limestone cave in 2015, the ancient skeleton is a truly rare find, as it is the first to be discovered with intact DNA. The remains were found in Wallacea, a vast chain of islands that stretches between mainland Asia and Australia. Researchers believe that the female was somewhere between 17 to 18 years old at the time of her death.

Christened “Bessé” by her discoverers, the dead teen has been linked to an enigmatic prehistoric community called the Toaleans – a culture still largely veiled in mystery. The little information that has been found about their existence indicates that they lived around 1,500 to 8,000 years ago in a small southwestern corner of Sulawesi. Excavated artifacts have suggested that the Toaleans were hunter-gatherers who had subsisted on wild pigs and shellfish from creeks and estuaries. Efforts to learn more about the Toaleans, however, have been severely hindered by a lack of reliably dated human remains, until now.

Finding intact DNA in the Southeast Asian area is uncommon, to say the least. The humid tropical climate is known to be very unforgiving for DNA preservation, and indeed, Bessé’s remains were also greatly degraded by the time that they were discovered. Fortunately, after a long and grueling process, Selina Carloff, the study’s lead author, was able to extract DNA from the wedge-shaped petrous bone at the base of Bessé’s skull. What was found revealed some fascinating facts about the young woman’s lineage.

Firstly, the results confirmed the researchers’ previous theory that the Toaleans were descended from the first wave of modern humans to enter Wallacea more than 50,000 years ago. These early modern humans are believed to have traveled through the Wallacea islands as they migrated to Sahul, where they became the ancestors of the present-day Indigenous Australians and Papuans. Researchers believe that they had used some kind of sophisticated watercraft to cross the waters, as there had not been any sort of land bridges between the islands at that time.

Secondly, and more astoundingly, the DNA analyses also uncovered an ancient link to East Asia that challenges what was previously known about the timeline of migration to Wallacea. Previously, it was thought that the first time people with predominantly Asian ancestry entered Wallacea was around about 3,500 years ago when farmers from Neolithic Taiwan moved down through the Philippines and into Indonesia. But now, researchers are faced with the possibility that there might have been an even earlier movement of some populations from Asia into this region.

Lastly, Bessé’s genome showed traces of another extinct group of humans – the Denisovans. The few fossils indicating these early humans’ existence were largely found in Siberia and Tibet. The fact that Denisovan genes were found in a Toalean female supports an earlier hypothesis that the Denisovans occupied a far larger geographical area than previously understood.

Yesel Kang
Staff Reporter

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Climate Change Causes Non-native Species to Migrate to Mediterranean   [2022-08-30]

As temperatures around the world rise due to climate change, various animals have been seen appearing in places that they have never been seen before. According to the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), 986 non-native species appeared in the Mediterranean Sea in 2021. Experts say that many of these species have made their way to the Mediterranean through the Suez Canal. In the past, many of these species from warmer oceans wouldn’t have been able to survive in the Mediterranean due to the cooler temperatures. However, due to global temperature rises, invasive creatures are now arriving in large numbers and thriving. According to the BBC, temperatures in the Mediterranean are increasing 20 percent faster than the global average. This makes the situation even more alarming.

The situation has made it difficult for some native species in the Mediterranean to survive. While many of them were already struggling to survive due to overfishing, the arrival of invasive species has caused many experts to be concerned about the area’s biodiversity. The WWF has categorized around 10 percent of the 986 non-native species as being “invasive” and likely to cause harm to native wildlife. Among them is the lionfish, which has been called the “most damaging invasive species known to science.” It has large, venomous spines all over its body, and it eats large amounts of fish and crustaceans. Furthermore, the stomach of the lionfish can expand by up to 30 times its original size to allow the fish to consume more food. Recently, scientists who analyzed the stomachs of lionfish in the Mediterranean found that 95 percent of the contents were made up of “economically” and “ecologically” important fish species.

Another creature that has appeared in the Mediterranean is the blue crab. One thing to note about this crab species is that one female can lay up to 100,000 eggs, which explains why this creature has spread so quickly in the region. Fishermen noticed that the crab was very aggressive, destroying nets and attacking the fishermen who caught them. However, the local fishing industry has come to realize that the blue crab is a delicious commodity, and the crab species has become one of the most sought-after seafoods in the region. In Tunisia, the arrival of the blue crab has turned into a booming industry for the country. Factories that process blue crab meat have also appeared, with exports of Tunisian blue crab in 2021 being valued at around $24 million (W32.3 billion). One local fisherman said that the blue crab is now his primary source of income. “We want it to stay,” he said.

Jamila Ben Souissi, a member of the Mediterranean Science Commission, says that it is almost impossible to stop the spread of invasive species. “The Mediterranean is changing, and our only solution is to adapt,” said Souissi.

Sterling Ah San
Copy Editor

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The Ukraine crisis has entered its second year, posing serious implications for those on the frontlines and global politics at large.

For one, the war has revitalized and expanded the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), with historically neutral countries such as Sweden and Finland applying for membership. On Feb. 28, Finland’s parliament voted overwhelmingly in favor of legislation allowing the country to join the transatlantic defensive alliance.

Meanwhile, the U.S. has announced that it would increase the presence of American troops in Europe. NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg stated that NATO would support Ukraine “for as long as it takes.”

In 2022, China signed a joint statement with Russia stating an informal partnership. However, throughout the war, China has urged Russia to try and negotiate with Ukraine, suggesting that it would be willing to broker cease-fire negotiations.

On Feb. 18, Wang Yi, China’s director of the Office of the Central Foreign Affairs Commission, presented a proposal to end the war. This public statement countered the conclusion indicated by U.S. intelligence, which had raised fears that China was preparing to send arms to Russia. The paper stated, “Dialogue and negotiation are the only viable solution to the Ukraine crisis. All efforts conducive to the peaceful settlement of the crisis must be encouraged and supported.” The paper, however, also criticized the NATO expansion. In it, Beijing argued that NATO provoked Russia by expanding so close to Russia’s borders. It further repudiated the potential use of nuclear weapons.

Wang visited Putin this week and stressed the importance of diplomatic negotiation. China’s leader Xi Jinping is preparing to visit Moscow in the coming months, most likely to discuss the war in Ukraine.

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https://www.ebse.co.kr/apps/online/paperView.do?course_id=ECLIP000000031

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This year’s most popular Korean dramas include Crash Landing on You, Itaewon Class, and It’s Okay to Not Be Okay. Their immense international popularity can be attributed to their availability on Netflix, a widely used streaming service.
Crash Landing on You, which aired on tvN from Dec. 14, 2019, to Feb. 16, 2020, was an immense success in Korea. The last episode reached a rating of more than 20 percent, helping the drama become the third highest rated Korean drama in cable television history. Crash Landing on You was a big hit with Chinese and Japanese viewers as well. Several Japanese celebrities have even admitted to binge-watching the entire drama in one go.
JTBC’s Itaewon Class, starring Park Seo-joon and Kim Da-mi, aired from Jan. 31 to Mar. 21. Like Crash Landing on You, it became very popular among viewers in China and Japan. Interestingly, one Japanese TV drama developer is considering producing a remake. Domestically, Itaewon Class became the seventh highest rated drama in Korean cable television history.
It’s Okay to Not Be Okay, which is currently airing on tvN every Saturday and Sunday, is seeing a steady increase in ratings. Many viewers initially tuned in to watch Kim Soo-hyun make his long-awaited comeback. However, Seo Ye-ji’s impressive portrayal of her character has equally contributed to the drama’s popularity.

Chris Hong
Copy Editor

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Unlike modern concrete structures, which show signs of decay after a few decades, the awe-inspiring monuments erected by the Roman Empire have remained relatively intact for two millennia. This curious long-lasting quality of Roman concrete is a mystery that has long plagued the scientific community. However, an international team of researchers led by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) may have finally found the answer to this architectural puzzle.

From what we know of Roman concrete today, the Romans prepared their concrete mix in a similar process utilized by the modern variations. The durability of this ancient concrete has generally been attributed to its ingredients, specifically pozzolana - volcanic sand from the Italian city of Pozzuoli. Favored by Roman engineers, pozzolana increased the concrete's resistance to corrosion. However, while the materials used by the Romans would have certainly produced strong concrete, that alone cannot account for the staggering lifespan exhibited by Roman architecture.

According to the research paper published in Science Advances on Jan. 6, 2023, it may have been the techniques involved in mixing these materials that bestowed Roman concrete its incredible longevity. While analyzing the 2,000-year-old concrete samples taken from a city wall at the archaeological site of Privernum in central Italy, the research team noted that the samples contained small white chunks of lime not found in modern concretes. Detected in nearly all Roman structures, these "lime clasts" had previously been brushed aside by the scientific community as evidence of sloppy mixing practices or poor-quality raw materials. But, suspecting that there may be something more to lime clasts than meets the eye, the authors of the 2023 study utilized various microarchaeological methods to gain new insights into their chemical composition and potential purpose.

The analysis of the lime clasts allowed the researchers to work out the process the Romans had likely used to produce their concrete - by mixing quicklime directly with the pozzolana and water at extremely high temperatures. This process, called "hot mixing" by researchers, results in the formation of lime clasts within the concrete. To test the effects of lime clasts, the team made two samples of concrete, one following the "hot mixing" technique and the other made according to modern methods, and deliberately cracked them both. Within two weeks, the concrete made with the Roman recipe had seemingly repaired itself, not allowing water to flow through. The team discovered that the lime clasts dissolved with exposure to water and then recrystallized along the fissure, sealing it over time.

The research team intends to commercialize their quicklime concrete as a greener alternative to the current concrete mixes. By improving the longevity of concrete through this self-healing potential, the researchers hope to reduce the construction industry's carbon footprint.

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new study cracks the mystery of roman concrete’s durability

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New Study Cracks the Mystery of Roman Concrete's Durability :: 타임즈코어

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Unlike modern concrete structures, which show signs of decay after a few decades, the awe-inspiring monuments erected by the Roman Empire have remained relatively intact for two millennia. This curious long-lasting quality of Roman concrete is a mystery that has long plagued the scientific community.

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World’s First 5G Coming To Korea   [2019-04-16]
Korea set a new internet first on Apr. 5 with the launch of the world’s first 5G network. The super-fast mobile network opens up a whole new world for communication, and it could change the world as we know it.
It’s not just a little bit faster. Data transfers over 5G will see speeds up to 20 times those of the 4G networks that are currently in place. Realistically, that means no more buffering and no more waiting for downloads. The transfer time between phones will be practically instantaneous. In fact, a whole movie could be downloaded in under a second over 5G.
The speed increases that came with 4G opened up a whole new world of internet-connected applications, including Uber and social media. Before that, 3G is what really brought the internet to our pockets. What 5G might mean for the future is still hard to even fathom.
Some of the biggest breakthroughs will likely come in the realm of interconnectivity. Devices like self-driving cars and drones will require near-constant communication with all of the devices around them.
Korea has long been a hotbed for internet connectivity, maintaining some of the fastest and most comprehensive national networks in the world for most of the past two decades. So it’s no wonder that 5G is going to get its start here.
World’s First 5G Coming To Korea5But the rollout also had heavy government backing, being seen as a way of kick-starting a fumbling economy. Worldwide, 5G networks are expected to add around $565 billion (W646 trillion) to the economy by 2034.
But the new technology is not without its problems. At the moment, these are mostly in the political sphere. Chinese companies are the dominant players in 5G technology, especially Huawei, which already has 1,529 patents registered in the field. The total is about 3,400 for all Chinese entities.
This doesn’t sit well with the U.S., which is currently engaged in a trade war with China. Furthermore, they claim that Huawei products pose a security risk to customers, coming equipped with backdoors that allow for data theft.
Korea may be the first country to launch 5G, but it is only No. 2 in the patent race, with 2,051 registered. All the country’s major carriers launched 5G services on Friday, but only LG is using Huawei technology.
Samsung launched its next-generation Galaxy S10 5G on the same day.

Sandy Fortune
For The Teen Times

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A new study published in the Earth System Science Data on Apr. 20 revealed an alarming discovery about the rate at which ice sheets are melting in Greenland and Antarctica. Over 65 scientists worldwide collaborated to calculate ice sheet loss using 50 satellite estimates and three different methods to examine ice sheet melt.

The figures show that the rate of ice melt in Greenland has increased significantly in recent years, with the annual melt from 2017 to 2020 being 20 percent more per year than at the beginning of the decade. This rate is over seven times higher than the figure recorded in the early 1990s. Meanwhile, Antarctica lost about 127 billion tons of ice annually from 2017 to 2020, down 23 percent from earlier in the decade but up 64 percent from the early 1990s. According to the study’s lead author, glaciologist Ines Otosaka, human-caused climate change is the main reason for the accelerated ice sheet loss.

The researchers found that the two ice sheets have lost more than three times as much ice annually as they did 30 years ago. Since 1992, Earth has lost 8.3 trillion tons of ice from the two ice sheets holding 99 percent of the world’s freshwater ice. This amount is enough to flood the entire United States with 85.34 cm of water. According to the study, global sea levels are rising rapidly, with the melt from ice sheets going from contributing 5 percent of the sea level rise to now accounting for over a quarter of it. The rest of the sea level rise comes from warmer water expanding and the melting of glaciers.

While mass loss from Greenland outstrips that of Antarctica, there are several troubling factors in the south, notably the behavior of the Thwaites Glacier, nicknamed the Doomsday Glacier. Scientists warn that its collapse could drive catastrophic sea level rise, enough to displace and financially impact hundreds of millions of people. “A few decades ago, it was assumed that these vast reservoirs of ice changed slowly, but with the use of satellite observations, field observations, and modeling techniques, we have come to learn that ice responds rapidly to our changing climate,” said University of Colorado ice researcher and former NASA chief scientist Waleed Abdalati.

Sean Jung
Director

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Earlier this month, the winners of the 2019 Nobel Prizes were announced. The prizes are divided into five categories: physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, economics, and peace. First awarded in 1901, Nobel Prizes are considered by many to be the highest honor in those fields.
The most famous award, the Nobel Peace Prize, was given to the prime minister of Ethiopia, Abiy Ahmed. After becoming prime minister last year, he restarted peace talks with Ethiopia’s northern neighbor, Eritrea, after 20 years of a frozen conflict that is in some ways similar to the conflict between North and South Korea. The two countries are culturally and ethnically connected, and the conflict has separated families. Some people have been critical of the award, arguing that it is too early to judge Prime Minister Ahmed’s leadership.
The prize for literature also received some criticism when it was awarded to Peter Handke, an Austrian author who is controversial for his relationship with a former leader of Yugoslavia who was tried for war crimes. In response to the outrage caused by the decision, a member of the selection committee said the award was based solely on writing style. People have also been critical of the fact that the award was once again given to a European male writer.
The economics award went to Abhijit Banerjee, Esther Duflo, and Michael Kremer, three researchers who spent more than 20 years developing strategies for addressing poverty around the world. Focusing on problems like poor education and child healthcare, they used an innovative approach to find practical, effective ways to address them.
In physics, half of the award went to James Peebles, an astrophysicist who helped to explain how galaxies formed in the early universe. The other half of the award was split between two other astrophysicists, Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz, who were the first to discover planets orbiting distant stars.
In chemistry, the award was evenly divided between John B. Goodenough, M. Stanley Whittingham, and Akira Yoshino, three scientists who first developed lithium-ion batteries between the 1970s and 1980s. This technology has driven technological advancements, making portable devices possible and offering an alternative to fossil fuels.
Finally, the award for medicine was given to William Kaelin Jr., Peter J. Ratcliffe, Gregg L. Semenza, three scientists who discovered how cells in animals sense and respond to changes in oxygen levels, an advancement that has helped to develop treatments for diseases such as cancer, heart attacks, and strokes.

Gregory Hutchinson
For The Teen Times

|   | 출처: 청소년 영자신문 틴타임즈 (www.teentimes.org)

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South Korean-made KF-21 Fighter Jet Completes First Test Flight   [2022-08-02]

South Korea’s own KF-21 fighter jet, also known as the KF-21 Boramae, completed its first test flight at the base of South Korea’s Air Force 3rd Training Wing in Sacheon, South Gyeongsang Province, on July 19. The fighter jet flew for a total of 33 minutes, departing at 3:40 p.m. from the air force base and landing at 4:13 p.m. The aim of the first flight was to examine the jet’s structural integrity, with a focus on its basic functions – such as takeoff and landing. Tests were also conducted to monitor the engine’s ignition and the jet’s performance while moving on the runway.

The KF-21 fighter jet is a joint project between South Korea and Indonesia, with South Korea holding 80 percent of the project’s shares. As such, the KF-21 prototype that flew during the test was fitted with the national flags of both countries. The KF-21 project, also known as KF-X, is the largest defense project that the South Korean government has ever taken part in. It began in 2015 when W8.8 trillion was allocated to the development of South Korea’s own homegrown fighter jets. The first successful test has now laid the groundwork for more tests to take place, with South Korea’s Air Force and Korea Aerospace Industries (KAI) working together to conduct around 2,200 tests until the year 2026. South Korea’s Defense Acquisition Program Administration (DAPA) said that the jet’s development will be completed in 2026 after “verifying various performances and its suitability for air-to-air combat.”

The KF-21 prototype was equipped with an infrared search and track system as well as mock-ups of Meteor air-to-air missiles. During the test, it flew at a speed of 400 km/h. The KF-21 is expected to replace South Korea’s fleet of aging F-4 and F-5 fighters. Military expert Dr. Peter Layton from the Griffith Asia Institute said that the KF-21 will improve South Korea’s defensive and offensive capabilities in the air, adding that the fighter will outmatch North Korea’s air force capabilities. “Given the parlous state of the aging North Korean air force fighters, the KF-21 considerably overmatches them,” said Layton.

President Yoon Suk-yeol praised the success of the first test, saying that it was “a feat for the country’s pursuit of self-defense.” He also added that the successful test has “laid the groundwork for our expansion of defense exports.” If South Korea successfully completes the jet’s ground and flight tests by 2026, it will become the eighth country in the world to have independently developed its own supersonic fighter jets.

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EBSe 게시판은 프로그램 관련 의견을 자유롭게 나누는 곳입니다.
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매월 2회 업데이트 되는 영자신문