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Camels were so important to the Trans-Saharan trade because the camels were used for carrying goods and other profitable products.
The camels made the trips across the Northern Africa a lot shorter in time

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Mecca

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Timbuktu was known for its schools and learning in the Islamic world.
Timbuktu was know for there great education and books

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Persian Gulf (also known as the Arabian Gulf)

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Persian Gulf (also known as the Arabian Gulf)

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Persian Gulf (also known as the Arabian Gulf)

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Arabian merchants travelled along the east coast of Africa and introduced Islam into the little ports and fishing villages where they stopped to trade.

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The stoned-walled settlement of the Bokoni on the Mpumalanga escarpment is evidence of a sophisticated agricultural community.

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A city based on spice and textile trade on the west coast of India, Calicut was once a world-famous port connecting Muslim traders across the Indian Coast.

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Lupatapata, Democratic Republic of the Congo

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In order to trade with merchants from the East, Africans from inland Kingdoms first had to transport their goods to the East coast of Africa. Where coastal trading towns would further trade their goods.

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Many Travels visited Mogadishu.
Duarte Barbosa from Portugal said the following upon his visit.

"Ships come there from the kingdom of Cambay (India) and from Aden with stuffs of all kinds, and with spices. And they carry away from there much gold, ivory, beeswax, and other things upon which they make a profit."

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Recent archaeological excavations on the Island of Zanzibar have produced large numbers of glass beads, demonstrating the interaction the people on the Island had with merchants from Persia and India.

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A range of Turquoise-glazed wares from the Persian Gulf have been found at archaeological sites across the Indian Ocean. In East Africa, turquoise-glazed jars were the most common finds.

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Kilwa was one of the most important trading centres on the Swahili Coast. It controlled the gold trade from Sofala up the coastline.

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The Forbidden City, Jingshan Front Street, Dongcheng, Beijing, China

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During the Ming Dynasty, the Chinese Admiral Zheng He travelled along the Swahili Coast. On one of his expeditions, he stopped in Malindi (Kenya). The Sultan of Malindi sent the Chinese Emperor a giraffe and other creatures from Africa as gifts.

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They traded manufactured goods like guns and cloths

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Enslaved people to America

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The Buzi River connected Sofala to the internal gold market. Traders from the African East Coast (Kilwa, Mogadishu) used river-going dhows, to move gold from the interior to the coast and eventually across the Indian Ocean.

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Melville Koppies Nature Reserve, Judith Road, Emmarentia, Randburg

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Iron smelting at Melville Koppies in Johannesburg at 1500 CE reflects the long history of mining and mental work in Johannesburg.

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The Portuguese explorer Dias planted a cross in 1488 on the bushman river. Initiating European involvement in Southern Africa

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Central Karoo District Municipality, South Africa

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Ostrich eggshells,sometimes decorated,were used as containers for water by late Stone Age people.this is practice continued into the modern era as see by the people practicing it in this image

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A gold rhinoceros about 100 mm in size was found in Mapungubwe. Demonstrating that Mapungubwe was a rich community which traded in gold.

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Twyfelfontein in Windhoek is a site rich in rock engraving. This rock art engraving shows a lion, giraffe and other wild animals.

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Great Zimbabwe was the capital of a wealthy gold and ivory trading kingdom. The Chinese Jade teapot is evidence of trade with the Far East.

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They traded natural goods like sugar, tabaco and wood

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