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The "Sibyan Schools" were elementary schools that provided children with a basic education in Islamic religion and Arabic language (Boyacioğlu, 2015). These institutions, also known as "local schools," focused on memorizing Islamic prayers, practicing prayer rituals, reciting sacred texts, and writing in Arabic. The schools were primarily for young children, and the curriculum aimed to provide a solid foundation in religious knowledge and Arabic language skills.

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Madrasas were religious educational institutions that were affiliated with religious foundations.  Arabic language held the most significant place in the curriculum. The primary goal of teaching Arabic was to enable students to comprehend Arabic textbooks and other resources.

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1445- Establishment of Enderun School for Ottoman Palace Service Training

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1445- Establishment of Enderun School for Ottoman Palace Service Training

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The Enderun School was founded to train cultured and experienced men for palace service. These schools taught Arabic and Persian as foreign languages. The Enderun School was notable for teaching Turkish as a second language to devşirme or Christian children and raised for the janissaries, with a focus on language instruction.

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1669- The School of Language for Boys (Dil Oğlan Okulu)

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1669- The School of Language for Boys (Dil Oğlan Okulu)

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The School of Language for Boys (Dil Olan Okulu) was founded in Istanbul by Capuchin priests in the same year as Karlowitz, and it was the city's first institution to provide French-language education. Boys were educated in French at this school, which was founded with the goal of training interpreters for the Ottoman Empire.

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After the signing of the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699, the Ottoman Empire began to gradually lose its superiority over Europe and yield to its dominance in various fields (Özkan, 2010). This led to the Tulip Period where the Ottoman Empire began to open up to the West and actively seek knowledge and information about Western culture. As a result, Ottoman intellectuals and leaders began to recognize the importance of learning a Western language.

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1821- Establishment of the Babâli Translation Chamber

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1821- Establishment of the Babâli Translation Chamber

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The Babâli Translation Chamber was established in response to the treacherous behavior of translators who served as Ottoman officials during the Greek Rebellion of 1821. Until its establishment, the Ottoman Empire relied on translators from the Divan-Hümayun to learn about the events and relationships in Europe. After the rebellion, the Babıâli Translation Office was established out of necessity. It is regarded as the Ottoman Empire's first institution to systematically teach foreign languages.

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In Paris, a school called "Mekteb-i Osmanî" was established to provide high school education to students sent from medical and military schools, as well as other military schools. These students were sent to French military schools after finishing high school to improve their foreign language skills.

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1863- The inclusion of French in the Mekteb-i Mülkiye's curriculum

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1863- The inclusion of French in the Mekteb-i Mülkiye's curriculum

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The inclusion of French in the Mekteb-i Mülkiye's curriculum in 1863 represented a significant turning point in the history of foreign language education in Turkey (Çakır, 2007). The decision reflected the Ottoman Empire's growing engagement with Western Europe, as well as the growing significance of diplomacy and international relations. Signs of the growing importance of foreign language education can be seen in 1869, when new middle schools were established, and foreign language instruction was included in their curriculum as well.

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1864- Establishment of The Ottoman Foreign Language School (Lisan Mektebi)

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1864- Establishment of The Ottoman Foreign Language School (Lisan Mektebi)

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The Ottoman Foreign Language School was established as a response to the insufficient foreign language education provided by The Babâli Translation Chamber. The school became the first institution to offer foreign language instruction in Turkey, providing students with the skills needed for effective communication in international diplomacy and relations.

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1868- The Foundation of Galatasaray Sultanisi

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1868- The Foundation of Galatasaray Sultanisi

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Galatasaray Sultanisi, a school that provided modern French education, opened in 1868 and quickly gained recognition in Europe for its high-quality foreign language education. Graduates were proficient in French, and optional courses in other languages were later added to the curriculum. It was a turning point for foreign language education and was the first state school to provide education in a foreign language at the secondary level.