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DNA is important to life because it contains the instructions needed for an organism to develop, survive and reproduce. To carry out these functions, DNA sequences must be converted into messages that can be used to produce proteins. DNA can be used in many ways during real life problems. For example, DNA can be used as evidence in courts, to identify bodies, track down blood relatives, and to look for cures for disease.

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1. How is DNA like a book? - It stores, copies, and passes down information like a book.

2. What two things must physically happen to a DNA molecule before the two strands can actually separate?  - It must be unwound and base pair hydrogen bonds must be separated

3. List three main scientists who contributed to the discovery of DNA structure in chronological order. - Erwin Chargaff, Rosalind Franklin, Watson and Crick

4. What are Chargaff’s rules? - %A= %T, %G= %C

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Identify the three main components of a nucleotide of DNA in a diagram -Nitrogenous base, phosphate group, deoxyribose (5-carbon) sugar

Two strands of DNA run “antiparallel” - What does that mean? - that means the two strands of DNA are parallel but moving or oriented in opposite directions

Differences between DNA and RNA- RNA contains the sugar ribose, while DNA contains the slightly different sugar deoxyribose, and RNA has the nucleobase uracil while DNA contains thymine

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Transformation - one type of bacteria is permanently changed into another

Gene - factors that are passed from one parental generation to the next

DNA - transforming factor that passes genes down to offspring

Nucleotide - DNA nucleotides make up nucleic acids, joined by a covalent bond between sugar and phosphate groups

Covalent Bond -a bond that joins phosphate groups and 5 carbon sugars in a DNA molecule

Hydrogen Bond - a bond that joins bases in the DNA’s center

Nitrogenous Bases - the bases in the center of the DNA (A, T, G, C)

Base pairing- two chemical bases bonded to one another forming a "rung of the DNA ladder."

DNA replication-DNA copy that happens in S phase

Template strand-template DNA sequenced used to make a new strand