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Magnetic field, is a field in the neighbourhood of a magnet in which magnetic forces are observable.

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An electromagnet is a type of magnet in which the magnetic field is produced by an electric current. Electromagnets usually consist of wire wound into a coil. A current through the wire creates a magnetic field which is concentrated in the hole, denoting the center of the coil.

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Temporary magnets are those that simply act like permanent magnets when they are within a strong magnetic field. Unlike permanent magnets however, they loose their magnetism when the field disappears. Paperclips, iron nails and other similar items are examples of temporary magnets.

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Magnetism is the force exerted by magnets when they attract or repel each other. Magnetism is caused by the motion of electric charges. Every substance is made up of tiny units called atoms. Each atom has electrons, particles that carry electric charges.

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Animalia:  Nucleus (Y) Cell wall (N) Heterotroph (Multicellular)

Plantae: Nucleus (Y) Cell wall (Y)
autotroph (Multicellular)

Fungi: Nucleus (N) Cell wall (Y)
heterotroph (Uni and Multi-cellular)

Monera: Nucleus (N) Cell wall (Y). (Can be hetero/auto-troph)

Protista:   Nucleus (Y) Cell wall (May have one but most don't) (Can be autotroph most heterotroph) (Unicellular)

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These guides are specially designed to assist you with an on the spot identification. They often contain brief written descriptions and pictures, and are small enough to take outside when you are observing wildlife.

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To read this type of key you start in the middle and work outwards choosing one of the options in each layer. The final layer provides you with the organisms identity

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A key that has a  series of 2 (Di) branches. Features such as: size, colour, behaviour and habitat are not good questions because they can change over time.

*Tabular keys are presented with dichotomous keys*

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Animals without a backbone are known as invertebrates. Animals with a backbone are known as vertebrates.
Approximately 95% of animals on earth are invertebrates

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The type of symmetry that describes an animals body design, can also be used as a structural feature to help classify it.

Bilateral Symmetry
-2 Half mirror images

Asymmetry: Lack of equality or equivalence between parts or aspects of something; lack of symmetry.

Symmetry:  The quality of having parts that match each other, especially in a way that is attractive, or similarity of shape or contents

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Population- A group of organisms of the same species living in a particular area at a particular time.

Community: All the biotic factors living in an area at the same time

Ecosystem: All the abiotic and biotic components and the interaction between them.

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A biotic factor is a living organism that shapes its environment. In a freshwater ecosystem, examples might include aquatic plants, fish, amphibians, and algae. Biotic and abiotic factors work together to create a unique ecosystem

An abiotic factor is a non-living part of an ecosystem that shapes its environment.

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A species are a group of organisms that look alike and can reproduce with one another to produce fertile offspring

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An Ecosystem is a system in which biotic and abiotic factors co-exist and help shape different organisms habitats (And environment)

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Tolerance Range:   A tolerance range is a range of condition in which an organism can survive but not thrive..

Optimum Range:   An Optimum range is a range of condition in which an organism can function at its best. If an organism has optimum conditions they will thrive.

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Mutualism describes the ecological interaction between two or more species where both/all benefit.

Commensalism describes the interaction between two species where only 1 is benefited and the other is unbothered.

Parasitism describes the ecological interaction between 2 species in which only one benefits and the other(s) are harmed

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When does pollination occur?
When the pollen grains attach itself to the stigma

A pollen tube then forms and grows down the style. Carrying the male sex cells to the ovary. The male sex cells fertilises an ovule (female sex cell) In the ovaries a seed is produced

How does pollen move around?

Pollen can move around by insects with fuzzy bodies. It gets over their body and as they fly they slowly drop it.

The 2nd way pollen spreads is the wind, which carries pollen plants with seeds that aren't rigid.

The 3rd way that pollen/seeds spread is by animal feces.  Fruits that are brightly coloured attract animals to consume them and the seeds may be passed in there feces

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Germination is a process in which the seed bursts open and the embryo plant becomes a young plant called a seedling.

Germination depends on:

1- Water (Transports food to growing embryo
2- Oxygen (Required for cellular respiration
3- Optimum Temperature

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Prey: An animal that is hunted and killed by another for food.

Predator: An animal that naturally preys on others for food.

Competition:   A relationship between organisms that strive for the same resources in the same place.

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Decomposers are an organism, especially a soil bacterium (ie worms), fungus, or invertebrate, that decomposes dead matter

Without decomposers there would be too much dead matter and it would smell very bad.

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The key source of energy in ecosystems is other organisms. Energy moves through ecosystems and through producers, 1st and 2nd order consumers etc.

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All magnets have north and south poles. Opposite poles are attracted to each other, while the same poles repel each other. When you rub a piece of iron along a magnet, the north-seeking poles of the atoms in the iron line up in the same direction. The force generated by the aligned atoms creates a magnetic field.

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1 : The tendency of a body to float or to rise when submerged in a fluid testing an object's buoyancy. 2: chemistry the power of a fluid to exert an upward force on a body placed in it the buoyancy of water also the upward force exerted.

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What are the examples of buoyancy? A boat or a ship floating in the water and the floating of cork in water are examples of buoyancy.

Archimedes' principle

Fb=-pgV

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In physics, a force is an influence that can change the motion of an object. A force can cause an object with mass to change its velocity, i.e., to accelerate. Force can also be described intuitively as a push or a pull. A force has both magnitude and direction, making it a vector quantity.

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The force of a bat on the ball. the force of the hair brush on hair when it is being brushed. the force of your foot pushing on the pedal when you ride your bike. the force of a magnet on a paper clip when the magnet moves the paper clip towards it.

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When the motion of an object changes, the forces are unbalanced. Balanced forces are equal in size and opposite in direction. When forces are balanced, there is no change in motion. In one of your situations in the last section, you pushed or pulled on an object from opposite directions but with the same force.

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Force is represented by the symbol F (formerly P). Forces can be described as a push or pull on an object. They can be due to phenomena such as gravity, magnetism, or anything that might cause a mass to accelerate.

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Effect and Definition of gravity:  An invisible force that pulls objects toward each other. Earth's gravity is what keeps you on the ground and what makes things fall. Anything that has mass also has gravity. Objects with more mass have more gravity.

Presence of gravity:   There is a gravitational force of attraction between every object in the universe.

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Your mass is the same no matter where you go in the universe; your weight, on the other hand, changes from place to place. Mass is measured in kilograms; even though we usually talk about weight in kilograms, strictly speaking it should be measured in newtons, the units of force.

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Friction can slow things down and stop stationary things from moving. In a frictionless world, more objects would be sliding about, clothes and shoes would be difficult to keep on and it would be very difficult for people or cars to get moving or change direction

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Whenever two objects rub against each other, they cause friction. Friction works against the motion and acts in the opposite direction. The amount of friction depends on the materials from which the two surfaces are made. The rougher the surface, the more friction is produced

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There are several ways to reduce friction: The use of bearing surfaces that are themselves sacrificial, such as low shear materials, of which lead/copper journal bearings are an example. Replace sliding friction with rolling element friction, such as with the use of rolling element bearings.

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Surface Tension: "The property of the surface of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force, due to the cohesive nature of its molecules."

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Hooke's law is a law that states that the amount of force applied to an elastic object is proportional to how far it stretches.

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spring constant (plural spring constants) (physics) A characteristic of a spring which is defined as the ratio of the force affecting the spring to the displacement caused by it.

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The net force is defined as is the sum of all the forces acting on an object. Net force can accelerate a mass. Some other force acts on a body either at rest or motion. The net force is a term used in a system when there is a significant number of forces.

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Contact force occurs due to the contact between two different objects. Non-contact force occurs due to either attraction or repulsion between two objects such that there is no contact between these objects. There is no field linked with the contact force. There is always a field linked with non-contact force.

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Monotreme:  A primitive mammal that lays large yolky eggs and has a common opening for the urogenital and digestive systems. Monotremes are now restricted to Australia and New Guinea, and comprise the platypus and the echidnas.

Marsupials: Marsupials are any members of the mammalian infraclass Marsupialia. All extant marsupials are endemic to Australasia, Wallacea and the Americas. A distinctive characteristic common to most of these species is that the young are carried in a pouch.

Placental: placental mammal, (infraclass Eutheria), any member of the mammalian group characterized by the presence of a placenta, a vascular organ that develops during gestation, which facilitates exchange of nutrients and wastes between the blood of the mother and that of the fetus.

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Endoskeletons:    internal skeleton, such as the bony or cartilaginous skeleton of vertebrates.

Exoskeletons:

An exoskeleton is the external skeleton that supports and protects an animal's body, in contrast to the internal skeleton of, for example, a human. In usage, some of the larger kinds of exoskeletons are known as "shells".