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Impact Areas: China, Europe, Middle East.

Importance/Impact:

Invented in the 9th century in China, gunpowder revolutionized warfare.

It led to the development of firearms and cannons, changing military strategies.

European nations adopted gunpowder, leading to the rise of powerful empires.

It ultimately contributed to the decline of feudalism as armies became more centralized.

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Impact Areas: Europe, Asia, America.

Importance/Impact:

Invented by Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century, it facilitated mass communication.

The printing press enabled the spread of ideas during the Renaissance and Reformation.

It made literature accessible, increasing literacy rates across Europe.

The press helped standardize languages and fostered national identities.

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The Neolithic Revolution Begins - circa 10,000 BCE

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The Neolithic Revolution Begins - circa 10,000 BCE

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Impact Areas: Middle East, Europe, Asia.

Importance/Impact:

Occurring around 10,000 BCE, this transition marked the shift from nomadic lifestyles to agriculture.

It allowed for settled communities, leading to the rise of civilizations.

Agriculture supported larger populations and led to social stratification.

This revolution laid the foundation for modern economies and societies.

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The Agricultural Revolution Begins (British Agricultural Revolution) - 18th century (circa 1750)

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The Agricultural Revolution Begins (British Agricultural Revolution) - 18th century (circa 1750)

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Impact Areas: Britain, Europe.

Importance/Impact:

Beginning in the 18th century, it introduced innovative farming techniques and crop rotation.

It significantly increased food production, supporting population growth.

The revolution led to urbanization as fewer farmers were needed.

It set the stage for the Industrial Revolution by creating a surplus labor force.

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(British Agricultural Revolution) - 18th century (circa 1750)

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The Industrial Revolution Begins - late 18th century (circa 1760)

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The Industrial Revolution Begins - late 18th century (circa 1760)

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Impact Areas: Britain, Europe, North America.

Importance/Impact:

Starting in the late 18th century, it transformed economies from agrarian to industrial.

Innovations like steam power revolutionized transportation and manufacturing.

It led to significant social changes, including urbanization and the rise of the working class.

The Industrial Revolution influenced global trade patterns and imperial expansion.

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Steam engine invented - 1712 (first practical steam engine)

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Steam engine invented - 1712 (first practical steam engine)

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Impact Areas: Europe, North America.

Importance/Impact:

The first practical steam engine was developed by Thomas Newcomen in 1712.

It played a crucial role in the Industrial Revolution, powering factories and transportation.

The steam engine enabled more efficient mining and production processes.

It facilitated the development of railways, transforming commerce and travel.

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Steam engine invented - 1712 (first practical steam engine)

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Internal combustion engine invented - 19th century (various developments in the 1860s)

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Internal combustion engine invented - 19th century (various developments in the 1860s)

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Impact Areas: Europe, North America.

Importance/Impact:

Developed in the 19th century, this engine powered automobiles and aircraft.

It revolutionized transportation, leading to greater mobility and economic expansion.

The internal combustion engine contributed to urban sprawl and changes in societal structures.

It became the backbone of modern industry and commerce.

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Impact Areas: Global (initially Europe, then worldwide).

Importance/Impact:

Invented by Leo Baekeland in 1907, Bakelite was the first synthetic plastic.

Plastics transformed manufacturing, making products cheaper and more durable.

They revolutionized industries, from packaging to automotive and consumer goods.

However, the environmental impact of plastic waste became a significant global issue.

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Impact Areas: Asia, Latin America, Africa.

Importance/Impact:

Starting in the 1940s, it involved high-yield crop varieties and modern agricultural techniques.

It significantly increased food production, particularly in developing countries.

The Green Revolution helped combat hunger and improve food security.

It also led to environmental challenges, including soil degradation and pesticide use.

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Columbus “discovers” the Americas - 1492

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Columbus “discovers” the Americas - 1492

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Impact Areas: Americas, Europe.

Importance/Impact:

Christopher Columbus's voyage in 1492 opened the Americas to European exploration and colonization.

It led to significant cultural exchanges but also devastating consequences for indigenous populations.

The event marked the beginning of European imperialism in the New World.

It profoundly altered global trade networks and demographics.

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Columbus “discovers” the Americas - 1492

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Impact Areas: North America, Europe.

Importance/Impact:

Beginning in 1775, it was driven by colonial dissatisfaction with British rule.

The revolution established the United States as an independent nation.

It inspired democratic movements worldwide and influenced the French Revolution.

The American Revolution redefined notions of governance and individual rights.

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Impact Areas: France, Europe.

Importance/Impact:

Starting in 1789, it was fueled by Enlightenment ideas and economic hardship.

The revolution overthrew the monarchy and established a republic, promoting liberty and equality.

It led to significant political and social upheaval across Europe.

The French Revolution inspired subsequent revolutions worldwide, altering the course of history.

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Impact Areas: Haiti, Caribbean, Europe.

Importance/Impact:

Starting in 1791, it was the first successful slave revolt, leading to Haiti's independence.

The revolution challenged colonialism and the institution of slavery.

It inspired enslaved people and abolitionist movements globally.

The Haitian Revolution had significant repercussions for colonial powers in the Americas.

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Invention of the Machine gun (The Maxim Gun) - 1884

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Invention of the Machine gun (The Maxim Gun) - 1884

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Impact Areas: Europe, Africa, Asia.

Importance/Impact:

Invented in 1884 by Hiram Maxim, it changed the nature of warfare.

The machine gun allowed for rapid fire, dramatically increasing battlefield lethality.

It was used extensively during colonial conquests, influencing imperial expansion.

The invention altered military tactics and contributed to the devastation of World War I.

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Invention of the Machine gun (The Maxim Gun) - 1884

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Impact Areas: Russia, Eastern Europe.

Importance/Impact:

Occurring in 1917, it ended centuries of imperial rule and led to the establishment of the Soviet Union.

The revolution was fueled by social inequality, World War I, and political discontent.

It introduced communist ideologies that would influence global politics for decades.

The Russian Revolution inspired revolutionary movements worldwide, affecting the course of the 20th century.

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Impact Areas: China, Asia.

Importance/Impact:

The revolution culminated in 1949, establishing the People's Republic of China.

It ended centuries of imperial rule and promoted communism as a governing ideology.

The revolution significantly impacted China’s social and economic structures.

It altered the balance of power in Asia and influenced global geopolitical dynamics.

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Impact Areas: Cuba, Latin America.

Importance/Impact:

Beginning in 1953, it was led by Fidel Castro against the Batista regime.

The revolution established a socialist state and significantly influenced Latin American politics.

It heightened tensions during the Cold War, particularly with the United States.

The Cuban Revolution inspired leftist movements across the region.

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Neil Armstrong steps onto the surface of the moon - 1969

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Neil Armstrong steps onto the surface of the moon - 1969

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Impact Areas: United States, Global.

Importance/Impact:

On July 20, 1969, Neil Armstrong became the first human to walk on the moon during the Apollo 11 mission.

This event marked a significant achievement in space exploration and technology.

It symbolized U.S. technological superiority during the Cold War.

Armstrong’s moon landing inspired future generations to pursue careers in science and engineering.

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Neil Armstrong steps onto the surface of the moon - 1969

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Digital Revolution begins - late 20th century (1970s-1980s)

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Digital Revolution begins - late 20th century (1970s-1980s)

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Impact Areas: Global (initially Western countries).

Importance/Impact:

Beginning in the late 20th century, it marked the transition to digital technology.

The revolution transformed communication, commerce, and access to information.

It led to the rise of the internet and digital economies, reshaping industries.

The Digital Revolution has profound implications for privacy, work, and social interactions.

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Digital Revolution begins - late 20th century (1970s-1980s)

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The Syrian Civil War begins (1980s Islamist Uprising) 

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The Syrian Civil War begins (1980s Islamist Uprising) 

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Impact Areas: Syria, Middle East , Globel

Importance/Impact:

Beginning in 2011, the conflict has resulted in a humanitarian crisis and massive displacement.

The war has drawn in multiple international actors, complicating the geopolitical landscape.

It highlighted issues of governance, sectarianism, and human rights violations.

The Syrian Civil War has had lasting impacts on regional stability and global migration patterns.