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1970: Diana vs. State Board of Education

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1970: Diana vs. State Board of Education

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This court case arose because there was a Spanish speaking student named Diana who took an IQ test that was all in English. She was labeled as mentally retarded and placed in classes accordingly. When she was retested with the IQ test in Spanish it was shown she did not have learning difficulties.
I think this is an important part to the history of Bilingual Education because this demonstrates the difficulty for EBs to display their content knowledge when the test is in English. From this point on there should have been modifications of testing for EBs to meet their language needs, but even in 2023 this seems to still be unclear.

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This is a US supreme court case in which it determined that English language learning students had the right to the same equal quality education as the native English speaking students.
This is important for Bilingual Education because it established the idea that EBs could not be thrown into classrooms with no language support. It promoted the idea of language programs to promote second language acquisition.

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The first national set of ENL standards established for pre-k-12.
This is important for the history of Bilingual Education because the government was establishing what they felt was an effective education for EBs. It shows that they were increasing their awareness of the students needs and pushing out standards for school districts to follow to create a better educational environment. This is a symbol of recognizing the importance of this population of students.

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NCLB was a law that held schools accountable for how students succeeded through annual testing, reporting and academic improvement. The purpose was to hold schools accountable for disadvantaged students.
This is important for the history of Bilingual Education because it placed emphasis on the importance of educating EBs, but the testing and assessments that were required under this law were not modified for language learners. From the results of these assessments came changes in the educational setting, along with teacher and administrations positions changing based on essentially invalid results. The assessments used were not appropriate to assess all students. NCLB ended in 2015.

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2016: Proposition 58 Passes in California

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2016: Proposition 58 Passes in California

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Proposition 58 repealed the bilingual education restrictions. This promoted English language acquisition in schools, but also an effective language program. It allowed for dual-language programs for native English speakers and non-native English speakers.
This is important to Bilingual Education because it took away the idea that English-only programs were the proper way to educate EBs. It put parents in a place of power to decide what they felt the best education was for their child. Proposition 58 granted students the right to speak and learn in two languages.