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Smallpox is easily transmissible via inhaled particles or particles from the open sores (​​CDC, 2016). Smallpox can also be transmitted by touching used clothes, blankets, or other surfaces that have come into contact with an open smallpox sore (​​CDC, 2016).

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During this time, there were no anti-viral medicines that could be taken to treat small pox and vaccines did not come out until much later (PBS, 2019). This meant that many people were unable to get medical treatment for smallpox because it did not exist yet resulting in untreated cases, increased transmission, and increased death rates.

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The Spaniards brought smallpox to the Aztec Empire while on a mission for colonization and riches (PBS, 2019). If the Spanish colonizers had not gone to Mexico, the Aztec Empire may not have perished as quickly, or at all.

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The Aztec Empire was largely protected from outside sources by being an island empire wedged between mountain ranges (University of Chicago). With the empire being difficult to reach, many outsiders did not make it within the empire.

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The Aztec people were a sophisticated, yet brutal group of people that lived in modern day Mexico (Class Slides, History, April 4, 2023, #10). They were invaded by Spanish colonizers who spread smallpox to the Aztec people (PBS, 2019). The overall health outcome for the Aztec people was very negative. About 40% of the population died as a result of smallpox and others were left unable to feed or care for themselves which ultimately resulted in the Aztec people being conquered (PBS, 2019).