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The Koyal Group InfoMag Tokyo News: Kun 1 i 7 japanske
forskere er kvinder - studere

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The Koyal Group InfoMag Tokyo News: Kun 1 i 7 japanske
forskere er kvinder - studere

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Kun en syvendedel af forskere i Japan er kvindelige, regeringen tallene--den laveste sats for en udviklet nation, på trods af at et rekordhøjt niveau for landet, AFP rapporter.

Undersøgelsen kommer midt i høj-profil træk i Japan, der har udstenede en ung kvindelig forsker mod den videnskabelige etablering, og efter gentagne opfordringer til Tokyo for at øge kvinders deltagelse i arbejdsstyrken til at tilslutte en kvalifikationskløft i økonomien.

En landsdækkende undersøgelse af det indre anliggender ministeriet fandt, at i marts sidste år var en rekord 127,800 kvindelige forskere i Japan, tegner sig for 14,4 procent af samlet og op 0,4 procentpoint fra et år tidligere.

"Sammenlignet med 10 år siden i 2003, tempoet i stigning i antallet af kvindelige forskere overgår mænd i alle organisationer," sagde ministeriet.

På trods af at være en personlig rekord for Japan, er procentdelen den laveste blandt lande med sammenlignelige data i organisationen for økonomisk samarbejde og udvikling (OECD), undertiden kaldes de rige landes klub.

I Rusland var 41.2 procent i 2012, 37,7 procent i Storbritannien i 2011, 34,9 procent i Italien i 2011 og 33,6% i USA i 2010.

Den japanske figur, udgivet mandag, er også lavere end Tysklands 26,7 procent, Frankrigs 25,6 procent og Sydkoreas 17,3 procent, alle i 2011.

Resultaterne kommer som en skandale spiller ud med en af Japans førende forskningsorganisationer og en 30-årig kvindelig videnskabsmand, der hævdede at have gjort en banebrydende opdagelse i stamcelleforskning.

Haruko Obokata, hvis arbejde blev offentliggjort i det britiske tidsskrift "Nature", skitserede en måde at ændre voksne celler i grundmaterialet for alle kroppens væv, potentielt tilbyder en klar forsyning af transplantation organer.

Obokatas forskning blev hyldet som revolutionerende, men meget af den populære mediedækning fokuseret på, at hun er en ung kvinde i en verden domineret af midaldrende mænd, med aviser og tv tilbyder profiler, der koncentrerede sig om hendes formodede feminine charme.

Spørgsmål er blevet rejst om videnskab, med krav at data var blevet manipuleret, vendte dele af medierne på den unge videnskabsmand.

Obokata insisterede på hendes resultater var gyldig, men hendes erkendelse, at hun havde været sjusket med beviserne var dækket af en avis offentliggør en enorm Forside billede af hendes tåre-farvede ansigt, modregning en sociale medier debat om sexisme i Japan.

Økonomer og kommentatorer verden over er enige om, at Japans veluddannede kvinder er underudnyttede, med mange dropper ud af arbejdsstyrken, når de har børn og par vender tilbage til deres karriere.

Japanske Minister Shinzo Abe har lovet at fokusere indsatsen på at fremme kvinders deltagelse i arbejdsstyrken, der halter langt bagud, at mange andre udviklede økonomier.

Undersøgelser har vist, at Japans økonomi kunne gavne væsentligt fra øge antallet af kvinder i beskæftigelse, måske bidrage til at kompensere for år af lunken vækst.

Deres forklaring

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Just a seventh of scientists in Japan are female, government figures show -- the lowest rate of any developed nation, despite being a record high for the country, AFP reports.

The survey comes amid a high-profile row in Japan that has pitted a young female researcher against the scientific establishment, and after repeated calls for Tokyo to boost female participation in the workforce to help plug a skills gap in the economy.

A nationwide study by the internal affairs ministry found that in March last year there were a record 127,800 female scientists in Japan, accounting for 14.4 percent of the total and up 0.4 percentage points from a year earlier.

"Compared with 10 years ago in 2003, the pace of increase in the number of female scientists surpasses that of males in all organisations," the ministry said.

Despite being a personal best for Japan, the percentage is the lowest among countries with comparable data in the Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD), sometimes called the rich nations' club.

In Russia it was 41.2 percent in 2012, 37.7 percent in Britain in 2011, 34.9 percent in Italy in 2011 and 33.6 percent in the United States in 2010.

The Japanese figure, released Monday, is also lower than Germany's 26.7 percent, France's 25.6 percent and South Korea's 17.3 percent, all in 2011.

The findings come as a scandal plays out involving one of Japan's premier research bodies and a 30-year-old female scientist who claimed to have made a groundbreaking discovery in stem cell research.

Haruko Obokata, whose work was published in the British journal "Nature", outlined a way to change adult cells into the basic material for any body tissue, potentially offering a ready supply of transplant organs.

Obokata's research was hailed as revolutionary, but much of the popular media coverage focused on the fact that she is a young woman in a world dominated by middle-aged men, with newspapers and television offering profiles that concentrated on her supposed feminine charms.

When questions were raised about the science, with claims that data had been manipulated, sections of the media turned on the young scientist.

Obokata insisted her findings were valid, but her acknowledgement that she had been sloppy with the evidence was covered by one newspaper publishing a huge front-page picture of her tear-stained face, setting off a social media debate about sexism in Japan.

Economists and commentators around the world agree that Japan's well-educated women are underused, with many dropping out of the workforce when they have children and few returning to their careers.

Japanese Minister Shinzo Abe has pledged to focus efforts on boosting female participation in the labour force, which lags well behind that of many other developed economies.

Studies have shown that Japan's economy could benefit substantially from boosting the number of women in employment, perhaps helping to compensate for years of tepid growth.

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Only 1 in 7 Japanese scientists are women: study

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Just a seventh of scientists in Japan are female, government figures show -- the lowest rate of any developed nation, despite being a record high for the country, AFP reports.

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The Koyal Group InfoMag Tokyo News: Kun 1 i 7 japanske
forskere er kvinder - studere

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The Koyal Group InfoMag Tokyo News: Kun 1 i 7 japanske
forskere er kvinder - studere

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Just a seventh of scientists in Japan are female, government figures show -- the lowest rate of any developed nation, despite being a record high for the country, AFP reports.

The survey comes amid a high-profile row in Japan that has pitted a young female researcher against the scientific establishment, and after repeated calls for Tokyo to boost female participation in the workforce to help plug a skills gap in the economy.

A nationwide study by the internal affairs ministry found that in March last year there were a record 127,800 female scientists in Japan, accounting for 14.4 percent of the total and up 0.4 percentage points from a year earlier.

"Compared with 10 years ago in 2003, the pace of increase in the number of female scientists surpasses that of males in all organisations," the ministry said.

Despite being a personal best for Japan, the percentage is the lowest among countries with comparable data in the Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD), sometimes called the rich nations' club.

In Russia it was 41.2 percent in 2012, 37.7 percent in Britain in 2011, 34.9 percent in Italy in 2011 and 33.6 percent in the United States in 2010.

The Japanese figure, released Monday, is also lower than Germany's 26.7 percent, France's 25.6 percent and South Korea's 17.3 percent, all in 2011.

The findings come as a scandal plays out involving one of Japan's premier research bodies and a 30-year-old female scientist who claimed to have made a groundbreaking discovery in stem cell research.

Haruko Obokata, whose work was published in the British journal "Nature", outlined a way to change adult cells into the basic material for any body tissue, potentially offering a ready supply of transplant organs.

Obokata's research was hailed as revolutionary, but much of the popular media coverage focused on the fact that she is a young woman in a world dominated by middle-aged men, with newspapers and television offering profiles that concentrated on her supposed feminine charms.

When questions were raised about the science, with claims that data had been manipulated, sections of the media turned on the young scientist.

Obokata insisted her findings were valid, but her acknowledgement that she had been sloppy with the evidence was covered by one newspaper publishing a huge front-page picture of her tear-stained face, setting off a social media debate about sexism in Japan.

Economists and commentators around the world agree that Japan's well-educated women are underused, with many dropping out of the workforce when they have children and few returning to their careers.

Japanese Minister Shinzo Abe has pledged to focus efforts on boosting female participation in the labour force, which lags well behind that of many other developed economies.

Studies have shown that Japan's economy could benefit substantially from boosting the number of women in employment, perhaps helping to compensate for years of tepid growth.

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Only 1 in 7 Japanese scientists are women: study

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Just a seventh of scientists in Japan are female, government figures show -- the lowest rate of any developed nation, despite being a record high for the country, AFP reports.

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The Koyal Group InfoMag Tokyo News: Kun 1 i 7 japanske
forskere er kvinder - studere

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The Koyal Group InfoMag Tokyo News: Kun 1 i 7 japanske
forskere er kvinder - studere

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Koyal Group Research Information
Magazine: Top Discoveries Awaiting NASA's
Next Big Telescope

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Koyal Group Research Information
Magazine: Top Discoveries Awaiting NASA's
Next Big Telescope

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Astronomers eagerly await the launch of the $8 billion James Webb Space Telescope.

It will see back in time farther than any space telescope ever has before—back to the first light following the big bang.

It will watch the first stars and galaxies form.

And it will hunt for distant habitable planets by peering into their atmospheres.

Expectations are high for the science that will come from the $8.7 billion James Webb Space Telescope—the successor to the Hubble Space Telescope. The telescope's four main science instruments are now all in one place, as are its 18 mirror sections. When assembled in space, they will create the largest orbiting mirror ever seen.

This long-awaited coming together is taking place in a vast clean room at the Goddard Space Flight Center in suburban Maryland. The last pieces have arrived, and now the two- to three-year task of assembling the telescope has begun.

On Monday, NASA Administrator Charles Bolden, Senator Barbara Mikulski, Senior Project Scientist and Nobel laureate John Mather, and the Webb team celebrated this milestone. And, with equal enthusiasm, they anticipated the science that will come in once the Webb telescope is in orbit, about one million miles from Earth.

With a mirror six times larger in area than the Hubble's, the Webb telescope's possibilities are dramatic:

1. The James Webb Space Telescope is designed to see to the time when stars began to form in the universe.

Astronomers put that time at about 300 million years after the big bang, the period when the universe emerged from its dark ages. The Hubble has been able to see back to 800 million years after the big bang, an unprecedented feat but considerably less than the capability of the Webb telescope.

The first stars in the universe are believed to have been 30 to 300 times as massive as our sun and millions of times as bright. They would have burned for only a few million years before dying in tremendous explosions, or supernovae. The Webb will be able to detect the earliest of these explosions.

2. The Webb can peek inside galaxies.

The Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes have already identified many tiny galaxies that were pumping out new stars at a surprising rate more than 13 billion years ago. These galaxies are only one-twentieth the size of the Milky Way, but they probably contain a billion stars crammed together.

The Webb's large mirror is designed to see longer wavelength, invisible-to-the-eye infrared light, which can be used to see farther and to see through thick cosmic dust. This means the telescope will be able to see into the star-creating centers of galaxies as never before.

Webb telescope officials describe their goal as learning about the first galaxies when they were just babies. The Hubble telescope has been looking at toddlers.

3. Scientists now are convinced that each galaxy has, at its center, a supermassive black hole.

The Webb will test why and how these monster black holes came to exist. A favored theory says that the early massive supernovae spewed out chemical elements newly formed in the first stars before they collapsed into black holes or were destroyed.

The newborn black holes are theorized to have then consumed the gas, dust, and stars around them, becoming extremely bright objects called mini-quasars. Mini-quasars are suspected to have grown and then merged to become the huge black holes found in the centers of galaxies.

Understanding the connection between newly formed galaxies and the supermassive black holes at their centers would be an enormous breakthrough in astronomy.

4. The Webb will search for signs of extraterrestrial life.

Using the Webb telescope's spectrograph, scientists will be able to analyze the atmospheres of the billions of exoplanets now understood to orbit stars in the Milky Way. Depending on what chemicals are identified, researchers can come to conclusions about the likelihood of Earth-like conditions. The presence of large amounts of oxygen or ozone in the atmosphere, for instance, would strongly suggest that life was present on the planet.

"We'll be able to do so many things with the Webb that were never possible before," Mather said at the Goddard gathering. "It will revolutionize astronomy and, potentially, our understanding of the universe."

The Webb telescope is scheduled to launch in 2018 from the European Space Agency spaceport in French Guiana, and will settle at a point about four times farther from the Earth than the moon. Fifteen nations have contributed to the effort, and their scientists will be able to observe and discover alongside NASA's scientists.

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Koyal Info Mag: Internationalen Raumstation Monitor
Naturkatastrophen

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Koyal Info Mag: Internationalen Raumstation Monitor
Naturkatastrophen

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Vulkan-Risiko? Fragen Sie die Vögel: Astronauten installieren Tracker auf der internationalen Raumstation ISS Völkerwanderungen zu überwachen, die Warnung vor Naturkatastrophen geben könnte

·  Tiere sind Sinn tektonischen Aktivität vor große seismische Verschiebungen bekannt

·  Astronauten möchten einen dedizierten Wildlife-Empfänger an die internationale Raumstation installieren

·  Es wird die Verbringung von Tieren, einschließlich Vögel, Bienen und Schmetterlinge chart.

·  Gerät könnte dazu beitragen, eine zusätzliche fünf Stunden von einer bevorstehenden Katastrophe warnen

Kleine Vögel, Bienen und Schmetterlinge sind aus dem Weltraum ab dem nächsten Jahr schenken uns voraus Warnungen von Vulkanausbrüchen und Erdbeben nachverfolgt werden.

Astronauten planen, einen dedizierten Wildlife-Empfänger zur internationalen Raumstation ISS, installieren, die kontinuierlich den Verlauf der Tausende von kleinen Tieren verfolgt.

Neuer Technologie bedeutet Funksender werden immer kleiner und kleiner, d. h. sogar Insekten bald befördern konnte man.

Tiere sind Sinn tektonischen Aktivität vor große seismische Verschiebungen - eine Fähigkeit bekannt, die verwendet werden könnten, um uns Warnung vor Naturkatastrophen geben.

Uschi Müller, Koordinator des Projekts Ikarus £33Millionen sagte, dass Vögel und andere Tiere leben in der Nähe von katastrophengefährdeten Gebieten mit den Geräten ausgerüstet werden konnte.

"Es Menschen einen zusätzlichen fünf Stunden einer Katastrophe warnen konnte," sagte sie.

Die Geräte könnten auch helfen, verfolgen und Vorhersagen, die Spreads von Tier übertragbare Krankheiten wie Sars, Vogelgrippe und West-Nil-Virus.

Etwa 70 Prozent der weltweiten Epidemien resultieren aus Tier-Mensch-Kontakt, aber ohne Fernverkehr Tracking ist es schwer vorherzusagen, wo sie verbreitet werden.

Das Ikarus-System, ein Gemeinschaftsprojekt der deutschen und russischen Raumfahrtbehörden und 12 wissenschaftliche Gruppen, wird gestartet, indem der Sender auf kleine Vögel aber hofft Tracking Insekten innerhalb weniger Jahre zu sein.

Uschi Müller sagte den Beobachter: "um mit anzufangen, Icarus Wissenschaftler werden 5g Transmitter verwenden, aber wir nutzen in der Zukunft viel kleineren, unter 1g, die uns ermöglichen, die Insekten folgen.

"Es wird für Erhaltung und Gesundheit Katastrophe Prognose verwendet werden." Im Moment werden nur die großen Tiere, die weiträumige Migrationsmuster haben, vor allem wegen der technologischen Herausforderungen der folgenden Tiere über viele Kilometer verfolgt.

Wissenschaftler hinter dem Projekt sagen, nur ein satellitengestütztes System eine Lösung für das Problem bieten kann.

Der Ikarus-Empfänger wird auf der Raumstation Kreisen Sie 200 Meilen über der Erde - eine relativ niedrige Umlaufbahn - ermöglicht sogar Fledermäuse und Bugs nachverfolgt werden.

Wissenschaftler sind nicht sicher, warum Tiere tektonische Verschiebungen vor Menschen spüren können oder sogar, in einigen Fällen vor seismische Überwachungsgeräte.

Kolonien von Vögeln, Insekten, Frösche und Schlangen werden berichtet, um aufgegeben haben, ihre Lebensräume Stunden oder sogar Tage vor einem Erdbeben getroffen hat.

Eine Theorie ist, dass Tiere in oder in der Nähe von Grundwasser Leben sehr empfindlich auf Änderungen in der Chemie, so dass sie subtile Veränderungen verursacht durch chemische Veränderungen Untergrund vor tektonischen Bewegungen spüren können.

Eine andere Erklärung ist, dass sie nur sehr empfindlich auf Vibrationen. Das Ikarus-Projekt werden auch sehr wertvoll für Naturschützer.

Graham Madge von der RSPB, sagte über die Routen Zugvögel wie Nachtigallen ist wenig bekannt und Spotter Fly-Catcher nehmen.

Er sagte: "bewahren und höher als die normalen Tarife der Infektion unter Wildlife Populationen verhindern die Routen, die sie ergreifen können uns helfen zu verstehen.

"Wir wissen noch nicht, wo sie gehen und viele nur hier für ein paar Monate sind. Ohne zu wissen genau wo sie gehen und wann wir nicht verstehen, wie man sie zu sparen. "