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The Holocaust was the systematic murder of Europe's Jews by the Nazis and their collaborators during the Second World War. This programme of targeted mass murder was a central part of the Nazis’ broader plans to create a new world order based on their ideology.The Nazis’ programme of anti-Jewish persecution began as soon as Hitler came to power in 1933. At first, they used antisemitic legislation and restrictions alongside vicious propaganda to create a culture of segregation and hostility. This process of victimisation was intended to isolate Jewish people from the wider population in order to encourage them to emigrate. In reality, the number of people leaving fluctuated – finding places to go was difficult and the costs of doing so were high.

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The American public received limited information about the Nazi concentration and extermination camps during the war. While some journalists and news outlets reported on Nazi crimes, many Americans did not fully grasp the scale of the genocide until U.S. troops liberated the camps in 1945.

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The Nuremberg Laws, passed in 1935, were one of the first legal steps the Nazis took to discriminate against Jews in Germany. These laws took Jews of German away citizenship, and banned marriages between Jews and non-Jews, marking the beginning of widespread persecution. Many Jews attempted to immigrate to the United States following the Nuremberg laws. All of the immigrants had to obtain plenty of documents in order to be approved for immigration, which was an exhausting and lengthy procedure.Despite this, Jewish and Christian organizations offered immigrants without families in the United States financial support for things like food and clothing, transportation costs, jobs, and other necessities.

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3. Nazi Persecution and the Nuremberg Laws (1935)

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3. Nazi Persecution and the Nuremberg Laws (1935)

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The Holocaust was one of the darkest times in history. The Nazi regime targeted, persecuted, and killed millions of people, particularly Jews. Although early reactions were limited and slow, the United States eventually assisted in the defeat of the Nazis and provided support to survivors.                                                                                                                                                                                                                           This exhibit shows how American actions, policies, and public opinions all played a role. Many refugees were turned away due to strict immigration laws. News of Nazi crimes were made known, but frequently forgotten about.The fear, isolationism, and prejudice that marked American society at the time influenced these choices.                                                                                                                                        These reactions resulted in fewer lives being saved in the short term. They eventually taught the world and the United States an important message about the risks of remaining silent                                                                                                                                                                         The Holocaust serves as a reminder to us today to oppose hate, defend human rights, and take action when we witness injustice.

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In 1944, the U.S. government created the War Refugee Board to help rescue and provide relief to Jews and other victims of Nazi persecution. Though it was criticized for acting late, the Board helped save thousands through diplomatic efforts and funding rescue operations.

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''We were fed a watery soup, a piece of bread. You worked until you couldn't anymore. The smell of burning flesh from the crematorium was always there. You couldn't escape it, not even in sleep''                               -Anita Lasker-Wallfisch, Auschwitz survivor

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Many Americans were alarmed when Adolf Hitler took power in Germany in 1933, but the government did nothing about stopping his ascension. Some Americans were more concerned with the Great Depression and did not want to get involved in European affairs, while others viewed Hitler as a danger to democracy and human rights.                                                                                                                                In the early years, the American government mainly maintained its neutrality, although news of Nazi propaganda, antisemitic laws, and acts of violence, like the 1933 book burnings and the 1935 Nuremberg Laws, made headlines in American newspapers. 

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4. U.S. Reactions to Hitler's Rise and the Nazi Movement (1933)

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4. U.S. Reactions to Hitler's Rise and the Nazi Movement (1933)

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"Children were not supposed to survive Auschwitz. The fact that I did makes it a responsibility to speak for the one million who did not."           -Thomas Buergenthal, Auschwitz & Sachsenhausen survivor.   

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"There is no why here" was the answer Primo Levi (Auschwitz survivor) received from a guard when he asked why something cruel was being done.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  ''The day begings when a violent whistle splits the air. The room is dark. Someone says that it is four o'clock. The night before we lay down full dressed, on the wooden bunks. Now, shivering, we go out for roll call, stadning for hours in the freezing wind.'' 

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"Never shall I forget that night, the first night in camp, which has turned my life into one long night, seven times cursed and seven times sealed. Never shall I forget that smoke. Never shall I forget the little faces of the children, whose bodies I saw turned into wreaths of smoke beneath a silent blue sky." -Elie Wiesel, (With the red arrow) Auschwitz & Buchenwald survivor.

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One of the Death Pits, Belsen. Schutzstaffel guards collecting bodies, 1945, Leslie Cole

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Death March (Czechowice-Bielsko, January 1945), 1945, Jan Hartman.