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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hBhzVpXQRcE

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Respiration is the release of of energy from food

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when water moved from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration

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Round

Rod

Spiral

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Diffusion is the movement of water molecules from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration

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Anaerobic Respiration: Respiration that doesn’t require Oxygen!

Aerobic Respiration: Respiration that requires Oxygen!

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A group of cells with the same function.

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Use Benedict's solution

Colour changes from blue to red

Requires heat

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Without osmosis your cells would not be able to have the proper levels of water to work at their best.

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The growth of cells in a sterile nutrient medium outside an organism.

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Use Biuret solution

Colour changes from blue to purple/violet

Does not require heat

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DNA is found on structures called chromosomes

When chromosomes are not dividing they are elongated and interwoven. We call this chromatin

Humans have 46 chromosomes per cell

Genes are located on chromosomes

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Prevents bacteria from swelling and bursting

Protection

Shape

Structure

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Use iodine

Colour changes from orange/yellow to blue/black

Does not require heat

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A group of tissues working together to carry out the same function.

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A jelly like substance that suspends cell organelles

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Use brown paper and butter

Paper colour changes from brown to translucent (see-through)

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Supply energy to the cell

Respiration occurs here

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Several organs working together to carry out one or more functions.

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Glucose + Oxygen = Water + Carbon Dioxide + Energy

C6H12O6 +6O2 = 6H2O + 6CO2+ ATP

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Process of investigation carried out in order to explain observations made in the natural world.

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Make protein (protein synthesis)

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Heterotrophic- does not make its own food.

Eukaryotic organisms: Has a nucleus and membrane bound organelles.

Cells walls are made of a carbohydrate called chitin.

Fungi is made of hypha which form visible mycelium.

Fungi reproduce by means of spores.

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The respiratory system takes up oxygen from the air we breathe and expels the unwanted carbon dioxide. The main organ of the respiratory system is the lungs. Other respiratory organs include the nose, the trachea and the breathing muscles (the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles).

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Prophase - chromosomes condense and attach(connected by a centromere), nuclear membrane breaks down, centrioles and spindle fibres form in the cytoplasm at the poles of the cell.

Metaphase - nuclear membrane fully breaks down, spindle fibres attach to the centromere and the chromosomes line up in the middle.

Anaphase - spindle fibres attach to retract back toward the centrioles splitting the centromeres and separating the chromosomes bringing them toward the poles, this is the fastest phase.

Telophase - the chromosomes turn into chromatin, spindle fibres dissolve, nuclear membrane forms around the two identical sets of chromosomes.

Binary fission/ cleavage furrow/ cell plate - the cell separates into two.

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Plant organ: Leaf

Animal organ: Heart

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Anabolism is the building up of larger molecules from smaller molecules using energy.

Remember: A for Anabolism, A for Adding.

Example: Protein synthesis

Catabolism is the breaking down of large molecules into smaller molecules with the release of energy.

Example: Digestion

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In food :

Carbon (c)

Oxygen (o)

Hydrogen (h)

Sulfur (s)

Phosphorus (p)

Dissolved as salts:

Sodium (Na)

Chlorine (cl)

Calcium (Ca)

Trace elements :

Iron

Zinc

Copper