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Grogger, J. (2011). Neighborhood effects on use of African-American Vernacular English. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(16), 6350–6354. https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1500176112

Rickford, J. R., & King, S. (2016). Sources of variation in the speech of African Americans. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 20(4), 483–509. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9286383/

Weldon, T. L. (2020). Visibly invisible: The study of middle class African American English. Language and Linguistics Compass, 14(4), e12362. https://compass.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/lnc3.12477

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In this video, Tiffany Haddish naturally uses African American English (AAE) while telling a personal story. You can hear features like:

Phonological change: She says “dis” instead of “this,” and “wit” instead of “with.”

Grammar/syntax: She sometimes omits the verb “to be,” like saying “she crazy” instead of “she is crazy.”

Vocabulary: She uses expressions common in AAE, like “girl” used emphatically or phrases like “you know what I’m sayin’.”

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Ellen Gives Tiffany Haddish Her Dream Gift

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This segment focuses on the concept of code-switching among AAE speakers. It includes interviews and discussions that illustrate how individuals navigate different linguistic environments.