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This padlet will contain information regarding areas at the airport at the airport.I will be discussing threats to the industry and how ground personnel respond to any security breaches.

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2.1- The Aviation and Maritime Security Act 1990 (UK),

Anti Terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001

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Provide a brief summary of key features for both legislative acts referenced in 2.1 and the purpose for both.

Please include relevant images- The two acts that we are looking for you to summarise are the two that you mentioned in 2.1- Aviation and Maritime and the Anti Terrorism Act.

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All passports are to be checked for validity and authenticity. Does the picture match the passenger presenting it and have you asked the mandatory security questions? For example:

Did you pack your own bags today?

Has anyone given something for you to carry through from them?

Have you left your bags unattended at any point?

The next step security checks at bag and PAX screening.  As passengers leave land side and enter airside they will be checked for:

Having a boarding pass and ticket.

All their bags will be x rayed.

All PAX will go through a metal detector or if they can not due to a medical issue, they will be body searched.

Most passengers will go through 360 body scanner.

At the boarding gate all PAX will have their boarding passes checked before being allowed to board the A/C. This makes sure that the correct PAX are onboard according to the PAX who have checked in. No boarding pass means no entry.

Random swap checks is where a random check (so not to form a pattern) that could be worked out by anyone trying to beat the system. PAX hands are checked for ‘metal fragments’ that would indicate that they may have been involved in a suspicious activity.  If this result was positive the PAX would be investigated to identify if there was something that could prevent the PAX from boarding the flight and if it would harm other PAX.

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2.4 The importance of security procedures and protocols.

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2.4 The importance of security procedures and protocols.

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It is extremely important that all PAX are screened for banned and restricted articles from being taken onboard. It is important to ensure that all PAX have been checked in accordance to travel documents to avoid any safety breaches.

All PAX are checked before being permitted to board the A/C. The A/C must not take off with too many or missing PAX without the situation being investigated therefore this could result in bags being offloaded and PAX missing their flights.

Procedures & Protocols: It is essential that all staff members who work within the airline industry follow the procedures and protocols outlined by their companies which are governed by CAA (UK) and aviation Legislation. Due to different airlines and different rules there would be different protocols and procedures for them to follow.

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1.1 Describe potential security risks and threats can impact on the aviation industry, to include the following:

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1.1 Describe potential security risks and threats can impact on the aviation industry, to include the following:

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Unauthorised Persons In Restricted Areas:

This is a huge safety breach as do not know who is in that area and why they are. You also do not know their intentions on breaking into restricted area. They could hack systems and cause serious damage to the airports system controls.

Gates / Security Doors Left Open Allowing Unauthorised Access:
Leaving gates or security doors open poses a significant safety breach, as it enables unauthorised individuals (PAX) to access the aircraft without proper documentation such as a passport or boarding pass. This creates a serious security risk, allowing anyone to bypass standard checks and potentially board the aircraft without valid identification.

Lending ID Badges to Colleagues for Airside Access:
Allowing others to use your ID badge to access airside areas is highly dangerous. Individuals without proper authorisation could enter restricted zones and potentially interfere with sensitive operations or aircraft systems. This could lead to severe technical issues and endanger the safety of everyone on board.

Use of Fake Passports or Travel Documents:
The use of counterfeit passports or travel documents is a major security threat. It permits individuals to pose as someone they are not, bypassing crucial identity checks. This increases the risk of hijacking or other malicious actions, potentially putting many lives in danger.

PAX Attempting to Pack Weapons or Dangerous Goods into Cabin or Hold Luggage:
Packing weapons or dangerous goods (such as explosives, flammable liquids, corrosive substances, or sharp objects) into cabin or hold luggage poses an extreme threat to flight safety and airport security. In the cabin, such items could be used to threaten or harm crew and passengers. In the hold, they could react dangerously under pressure or temperature changes, causing fires, explosions, or structural damage to the aircraft mid-flight. This could result in catastrophic consequences, including loss of life and destruction of the aircraft.

2. Carrying Items Through to Airside and Onto the Aircraft for Others:
Carrying items for others without knowing their contents is a serious security violation. The item may contain contraband, drugs, weapons, or explosives. If an individual unknowingly transports such items into airside or onboard the aircraft, it bypasses standard security checks and creates a hidden threat. This could be exploited by criminal or terrorist groups, leading to incidents that compromise the safety of all passengers and crew.

3. Leaving Unattended Bags Anywhere in the Airport:
Unattended bags trigger immediate security concerns. They could potentially contain explosives or other hazardous materials. Even if they are harmless, unattended items require evacuation and investigation procedures, causing delays, panic, and resource strain. In the worst-case scenario, a hidden explosive device could result in injury, loss of life, and massive infrastructure damage within the airport.

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1.3 Personal responsibility to security risks

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1.3 Personal responsibility to security risks

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Passengers

Passengers have a vital role in maintaining aviation safety. They are personally responsible for:

Following all safety and security instructions, including those from airline staff and security personnel. This is to ensure their safety but also everyone else within the airport.

Not carrying prohibited items in their cabin or checked luggage. They should know what is right and wrong to bring through security and read that airlines rules before hand.

Reporting suspicious behavior or unattended items immediately. This is to help everyone in the airport staying safe.

Behaving appropriately on board, avoiding disruptive actions that could compromise the safety of the flight.
Their compliance ensures a secure, efficient travel environment for everyone on board.

Ground Personnel

Ground staff(including baggage handlers, check-in staff, and security )must adhere to strict protocols to minimise risks. They are personally responsible for:

Accurately checking documentation and ID to ensure only authorised individuals enter secure areas.

Reporting and managing safety or security breaches immediately (e.g. unattended bags or unauthorized access).

Following operational procedures for handling aircraft, passengers, and baggage safely.

Avoiding complacency, especially when performing security screenings or access control.

By taking individual accountability seriously, both passengers and ground personnel play critical roles in protecting lives, property, and operations in aviation.

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1. Security Industry Act (2001)

Key Features:

Regulation of Security Personnel: The act requires individuals working in the private security industry to be licensed by a higher member working for the licensing industry.

Setting Standards: It sets out the standards for training and behavior for security personnel in different roles such as door staff, security guards.

Enforcement: The act gives power to the regulatory body to investigate and take action against those who operate without a license or breach the standards/rules.

Business Licenses: Businesses providing security services must also be licensed by the correct authority.

Purpose:
The purpose of the Security Industry Act is to raise standards in the private security industry, improve public confidence in security services, and ensure that those employed in this sector are properly trained and qualified.

2. Crime Prevention Act (1997) (UK)

Key Features:

Focus on Crime Prevention: This act aims to tackle crime through preventive measures, including the use of technology, urban planning, and community engagement.

Police Powers: It extends the powers of law enforcement to help prevent crime, including measures like stopping and searching individuals and vehicles in certain areas.

Community-Based Initiatives: Encourages community involvement in crime prevention, with emphasis on neighborhood watch schemes and local crime reduction initiatives.

Expansion of CCTV Use: The act promotes the use of closed-circuit television (CCTV) for monitoring public areas to deter criminal activity.

Purpose:
The Crime Prevention Act was designed to reduce crime rates by focusing on proactive, preventive measures. It aimed to empower both law enforcement and the community to work together in crime reduction and make use of technology to prevent criminal behavior before it occurs.

In summary both acts are focused on improving public safety and reducing crime, but they approach the issue from different angles. The Security Industry Act focuses on regulating the private security industry, ensuring that security personnel are properly trained and licensed. The Crime Prevention Act focuses on preventing crime through a combination of law enforcement powers, community involvement, and technology use.

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1.2 - Appropriate response to security breaches (risks).

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1.2 - Appropriate response to security breaches (risks).

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All ground personnel must be ready to challenge anyone who does not have either boarding card and passport or is in an area that they should not be in or responds weirdly and suspiciously to security questions at check-in. Report any behaviour or items which are / appear to be suspicious. You must not leave gates and doors open, ensure that these doors or gates close behind you after entering or leaving to avoid the risk of people entering parts of the airport that they shouldnt be in. When checking in PAX ensure to check passports for validity and check if the name is the same as the ticket. If there are any suspicions call supervisors and report it immediately. Security or police will be called to do the relevant checks. Always check staff ID badges through the scanner or visually and compare the person to the image. If someone seems to be using another person's ID, report it immediately to security and the police. Same goes for checking passports have validity and that they have not been tampered with..

If you suspect any suspicious behavior call supervisor, security and police immediately. All PAX bags, personal items and themselves will be screened for weapons / dangerous items that could be used against security at the airport or onboard the aircraft. Airlines state items that can be taken onboard on their websites and items that should NOT be taken on board. PA’s are made to remind PAX not to accept carry anything through the airport and security for anyone else. An item such as a letter/card to post could contain dangerous matter or information. PA’s are made in the airport to remind PAX not to leave unattended baggage. See it, Say it, Sorted. If you observe a bag that is unattended you must call the airport police/security immediately.

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In the context of aviation- Triple A (AAA) refers to the security process of Accounting and Authorising for Carriage, specifically for hold baggage. It is a legal requirement to ensure that all baggage loaded onto an aircraft destined for a flight outside the UK is accounted for and authorised. This process ensures that baggage is only carried on board by passengers who have checked in and are boarding the aircraft. This became a driving force in the fight against terrorism within aviation on July 4th 1994.

The first A : Authorised.

Firstly the loaders who have access to certain areas of an A/C, which at times could be without anyone else overseeing their actions as to what is put on board.

All ground staff must be authorised to work airside ( they must wear their badges at all times to prove they are authorised access). The security checks must be carried out on every staff member who works within the aviation industry (ground or air). These checks are carried out by the  Disclosure and Barring Service on behalf of the company who is offering employment. The checks will look into a 10 year history(adults) and 5 years for young adults. This is to ensure the safety of all workers.

A - Accountable:

Loading luggage into the A/C or allowing PAX into the PAX cabin who have not been screened are NOT being held responsible for items that will be on-board.

Allowing PAX to board the A/C without providing correct documents are not taking responsibility for who is on-board. If there is an anomaly with the TOB, an inspection will take place to confirm the TOB that must be carried out. 1 too many or one missing PAX is a security threat and therefore would need an investigation to take place too find out where the safety protocols had been breached.

A - Authentic:

Ground staff working alongside the A/C must ensure that they are reading / signing authentic documents i.e load sheets, cargo documents or PIL’s throughout the work day depending what they are in control of. Ground staff who are working as PSA’s in the terminal will play an important role for checking all passports are authentic and all PAX have a valid boarding pass to access the A/C. Any PAX not in possession of a boarding pass will not be allowed to to board the AC, as this is a safety breach and can be a breach of safety.

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1.4 Explain the main role for the following regulatory bodies and include the full term for each body:

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1.4 Explain the main role for the following regulatory bodies and include the full term for each body:

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CAA – Civil Aviation Authority (United Kingdom): Ensuring aviation safety standards, including licensing pilots, engineers, and airlines. Overseeing security, airspace management, economic regulation of airports like Heathrow/Gatwick, and consumer protection.

2. IATA – International Air Transport Association

A global trade association for airlines, IATA:

Sets industry standards and regulations for passenger services, cargo handling, ticketing, and dangerous goods transportation.

Facilitates coordination and cooperation among airlines, enabling streamlined global operations, cost efficiencies, and enhanced safety compliance.

EASA – European Union Aviation Safety Agency

The EU’s central aviation safety authority, responsible for:

Type certification of aircraft, engines, parts, and repair stations.

Setting regulatory standards for air operations, licensing, flight crew, and drones.

DFT – Department For Transport (United Kingdom)

A UK government ministry overseeing transportation policy, including aviation. The DFT is responsible for:

Developing national policies and legislation for air travel.

Issuing permits to non-EU airlines operating in the UK and overseeing aviation security regulations, supported by the CAA.

FAA – Federal Aviation Administration (United States)

A U.S. federal agency under the Department of Transportation founded in 1958.

The FAA:

Regulates civil aviation safety, including air traffic control, aircraft and personnel certification, airport standards, and commercial space transportation.

Oversees development of the National Airspace System, environmental and noise control, and hazardous materials safety.