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Texas independence refers to the period in 1836 when the territory of Texas declared independence from Mexico, leading to the formation of the Republic of Texas. This declaration followed tensions between American settlers and the Mexican government, culminating in the Texas Revolution. The pivotal event was the Battle of San Jacinto, where Texian forces, led by Sam Houston, decisively defeated the Mexican army. As a result, Texas gained independence and remained an independent republic until its annexation by the United States in 1845.

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The Alamo is important primarily due to its role in the Texas Revolution. It was a fortified mission in San Antonio, Texas, where a small group of Texian (Texan settlers) and Tejano (Texan of Hispanic descent) defenders, including famous figures like Davy Crockett and Jim Bowie, held out against a much larger Mexican force led by General Santa Anna in February-March 1836. Although the defenders ultimately perished in the siege, the bravery and sacrifice at the Alamo became a symbol of resistance and rallying cry for Texian independence. The battle stirred up fervor and solidarity among other Texian forces, ultimately contributing to their later victories, notably the Battle of San Jacinto that secured Texas independence. Thus, the Alamo remains a significant symbol of Texan identity and history.

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Its location in the southern United States and along the Gulf Coast gave it strategic importance for trade and military purposes.Texas’ borders were a source of contention and negotiation throughout the century. The borders with Mexico, particularly the Rio Grande River, were disputed and led to conflicts such as the Texas Revolution and later border disputes even after Texas became a state in the United States.

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Travis is remembered for his role in sending out famous pleas for reinforcements, such as his letter addressed “To the People of Texas and All Americans in the World,” in which he urgently requested assistance in defending the Alamo against Mexican forces led by General Santa Anna. Despite knowing the odds were against them, Travis and his fellow defenders, including Davy Crockett and Jim Bowie, resolved to hold the fort. They fought bravely during the subsequent siege, which lasted from late February to early March 1836.

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Cartoon of Mexican leader, Santa Anna. He is fighting against Texas soldiers.