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Education is primarily aimed at developing autonomous learners, a process that requires effort and sacrifice. Autonomous learning involves a shift from a teacher-centered approach to a student-centered one. Holec (1981) pioneered the definition of “learner autonomy”, describing it as the ability of students to take control of their own learning, by setting goals, defining the content, and choosing methods. Benson (2011) also emphasizes that autonomy is the ability to “control one’s learning”.

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Autonomous learning seeks to have students take control of their own learning by setting goals, selecting methods, and assessing their progress. This approach shifts from a teacher-centered model to a student-centered one. According to authors such as Holec and Benson, autonomy implies responsibility, self-regulation, and the ability to learn independently.

Autonomy does not mean learning without teachers, but rather requires their initial guidance to develop skills and reflect on learning. Activities such as journaling or using dictionaries help students become more independent. Furthermore, teacher autonomy is key to fostering student autonomy.

In short, autonomous learning promotes responsibility, critical thinking, and independence in students, preparing them to learn effectively in and out of the classroom.

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Visual learning style

This style refers to people who process, understand and retain information better through images, graphs, diagrams and visual representations, as they find it more visually appealing and organized.

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These are the preferences and abilities of individuals when learning new information, that is, each individual will have a dominant learning style with which they feel most comfortable, but many could have some elements of all three styles.

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Auditory learning style

People with this learning style learn best when information is presented orally, through verbal explanations, lectures, discussions and auditory learning activities, because they process and understand information through listening and sound and in this case they are more likely to organize their ideas after speaking, since saying things out loud helps them understand the concept.

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Kinesthetic or tactile learning style

is characterized by preferring contact with reality and participation, for example, they can remember an experiment if they recreate it themselves, since they personally learn better when they can actively participate in practical activities, manipulate objects and directly experiment with their environment in the learning process, so they need to use tactile experience to better understand something.

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Bay Atlantic University. (n.d.). Types of learning styles. Bay Atlantic University. https://bau.edu/blog/types-of-learning-styles/

Scala Learning. (n.d.). Learning styles. Scala Learning. https://scalalearning.com/estilos-de-aprendizaje/

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Teachable. (2023, March 16). 7 types of learning styles and how you can teach them. https://teachable.com/blog/types-of-learning-styles

Storm, A. (2023, May 5). The 7 Main Types of Learning Styles (And How To Teach To Them). Thinkific. https://www.thinkific.com/blog/learning-styles/

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Each person has a different way of learning, each one has a learning style that helps retain information in a better way, when you adapt the teaching style according to the needs of each student, it improves the learning experience and you get good results.

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Reading and writing

Some people learn best when they read and write, such as reading books, articles, or essays in addition to writing them. In addition, in this learning style, visual learning is also used by observing the information in these texts.

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Verbal or linguistic learning

This learning style is when it is easier for people to learn by expressing their ideas verbally, it is applied in readings, podcasts, presentations, even when learning a new language.

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Interpersonal Learning

Some people learn best when they work in teams, they enjoy doing collaborative work that helps them improve their skills and learn from the different opinions and ideas of their team, which serves as feedback in their learning process.

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Intrapersonal Learning

Other people prefer solitary learning, learning on their own is easier for them and they do not like team work, they are more independent when they focus on their work or study. It is important to help these people relate to the environment so they can develop other skills and improve their learning.

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Logical learning

For some people it is easy to use logic to solve problems, this learning style helps students to develop their critical thinking, introducing this way of learning in the classroom can have many benefits and the best way is to use didactic material that helps to improve these skills in students.

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Self-directed learning

It is an educational approach that seeks to have students take control of their own learning process. This implies that students set their own goals, select the study methods that best suit their needs, and evaluate their own progress.

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Student autonomy

It refers to the ability of students to self-regulate their learning, make decisions, and be responsible for their own progress. It implies learning independently, but with the initial guidance of the teacher.

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Teacher autonomy

It is the teacher's ability to self-regulate their own teaching, adapting to the needs of students and fostering their autonomy.

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Student-centered learning

It is a pedagogical approach that places the student at the center of the learning process, recognizing their individual needs and promoting their active participation

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Finding Your Learning Style VARK Explained

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Teacher-centered learning

It is a traditional pedagogical approach in which the teacher is the main source of knowledge and the student has a more passive role in the learning process.

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The Madrid Diary. (January 16, 2025). https://www.eldiariodemadrid.es/articulo/opinion/secreto-elon-musk-aprender/20250116091620088009.html

HarmonyAtlas. (August 14, 2023). https://harmonyatlas.com/el-metodo-de-visualizacion-de-nikola-tesla-para-materializar-tus-metas/

The Third. (May 15, 2024). https://www.latercera.com/tendencias/noticia/cual-es-el-secreto-de-bill-gates-para-fortalecer-la-memoria-y-como-lo-puedes-aplicar-en-tu-rutina/Z3S3M5RLRFCOPPQJR5WN5VAHQU/

The Vanguard. (November 30, 2020). https://www.lavanguardia.com/vida/junior-report/20190503/461996741789/leonardo-da-vinci-hombre-renacimiento.html

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Famous Figures and Their Unique Learning Styles

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Famous Figures and Their Unique Learning Styles

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In this section, we will explore the learning methods of several historical figures.

Leonardo Da Vinci: This Florentine painter of the Italian Renaissance employed a visual and experimental learning approach. He was known for his meticulous observation of the world around him, which enabled him to conduct his scientific studies.

Nikola Tesla: This renowned scientist of the 19th and 20th centuries used a mental visualization and inductive thinking approach to learning. He had the ability to visualize his inventions in great detail before physically constructing them. Additionally, he possessed the capacity to devise detailed documents and projects without the need for blueprints.

Marie Curie: This celebrated Polish scientist was known for her practical and active learning methods. She was able to put her discoveries into practice and actively learn from them.

Elon Musk: This famous entrepreneur and founder of Tesla utilizes a self-directed and strategic learning approach. He focuses on understanding the fundamental principles of any subject, which facilitates his comprehension of the complex details of each matter.

Bill Gates: The former CEO of Microsoft has stated that he uses the Luci method and the 5-hour rule for learning. He explains that these methods enhance his memorization capacity, which in turn fosters his mental agility.