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Quote from Article

Commentary connecting quote to Key Concept

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When Obsession with Beauty Becomes a disease

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When Obsession with Beauty Becomes a disease

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"She highlights studies showing that the average woman owns 40 different cosmetic products and spends about 55 minutes getting ready each day, while more than half of men say they use no product getting ready in the morning. As a result, women sacrifice time and resources that Engeln says could otherwise be devoted to pursuing goals in education, a career, family, or hobbies."

This highlights the materiality of our culture, showing how women are convinced that they need to spend large amounts of time and energy on their physical appearance in order to be recognized and valued.

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In Seoul, A Plastic Surgery Capital, Residents Frown On Ads For Cosmetic Procedure

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In Seoul, A Plastic Surgery Capital, Residents Frown On Ads For Cosmetic Procedure

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""Much of the ideal [beauty] is industrialized. It's being created by the beauty industry, by K-pop [Korean pop music], by perhaps even the government, in what they're selling to the rest of the world as to the ideal Korean beauty," she says."

Here, the concept and practice of plastic surgery is more than just to make oneself beautiful. It is what is followed and a means to happiness. What's significant about this is that this process of "beautification" is deriving from this very sense of satisfaction plastic surgery aims to give, and these advertisements, governments, music groups, are a material form that communicates that desire. The process of beauty has become commodified through capitalistic methods.

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Thinner Cheeks, Lots of Tweaks: America's Plastic Surgeons List Trends

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Thinner Cheeks, Lots of Tweaks: America's Plastic Surgeons List Trends

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"“Upper blepharoplasty removes the excess skin above the eyelid, reducing that hooded appearance that can occur naturally with age, while lower blepharoplasty targets the fat pads below the eye, restoring a smoother, more youthful look,” Kontis said. “Both are relatively minor procedures that lend themselves to tremendous patient satisfaction.”"

This quote is talking about how people were mainly having procedures that help to maintain a youthful look. They want to look younger or what they used to look like, this shows that they might still think of themselves as their younger self. What they look like now might not resemble how they feel so they go through these procedures to look like their perception of themselves.

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Thinner Cheeks, Lots of Tweaks: America's Plastic Surgeons List Trends

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Thinner Cheeks, Lots of Tweaks: America's Plastic Surgeons List Trends

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"'In 2022, our members continued to see the impact of the ‘Zoom Boom,’ with 79% of respondents pointing to the ‘Zoom Effect’ as a major contributing factor in patients’ desire to seek treatment'...About 82% of procedures performed in 2022 were minimally invasive, including Botox, fillers and topicals, such as chemical peels. The other 18% were surgical procedures. The top three were facelifts, eyelid surgery ("blepharoplasty") and nose jobs, according to the report."

The procedures that seem to be gaining popularity today are procedures focused on the face, likely as a result of the Zoom Effect of seeing ones face up close when taking part in conferences with others. In a sense the social relations of people cause one to consider surgery, particularly to the face which others see the most. This is also what is most prominent on social media as well, another form of social 'connection'.

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Selfies and self-care are leading millennials to get more cosmetic procedures, study says

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Selfies and self-care are leading millennials to get more cosmetic procedures, study says

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"The study suggests that millennials -- those roughly between 23 and 38 years old -- have increased the demand for plastic-surgery procedures because of their fixation with self-care and growing up with social media ... [and] ... doctors said that one of the biggest motivators for patients was because they wanted to look better in selfies" (Ali).

The study talks about how the rise in social media, and therefore increase in media (photos, videos, etc.) that a person has out there permanently in the world is what is influencing millennials to get plastic surgery young. These social relations that people make on social media are what influence this decision. Millennials want to seem young and natural to those they interact with, which could be for many reasons (potentially romantic attraction, self-esteem, etc.).

This is something that can be seen in Pretty Modern in things like Carnaval, where being seen as beautiful in environments with a high social reaction is really important to them. Or when they go to the beach, they want that social reaction to showcase them as attractive individuals.

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When Obsession with Beauty Becomes a Disease

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When Obsession with Beauty Becomes a Disease

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"... and 70 percent of young women say they believe they’d be treated better by others if they looked more like the beauty ideal they see in the media."

Women put a lot of their identity into the way they they present themselves physically, and this can impact the way that they present themselves emotionally, which can easily be perceived as insecure and lacking in social skills.

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In Seoul, A Plastic Surgery Capital, Residents Frown On Ads For Cosmetic Procedure

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In Seoul, A Plastic Surgery Capital, Residents Frown On Ads For Cosmetic Procedure

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"The sameness she mentions is striking. Willoughby says it reflects the standard beauty ideal prized by Koreans: ivory skin, big, round eyes with the Western-looking double eyelid and a V-line jaw."

The conformity/identical procedures that were being so heavily advertised was indicative of what Koreans idealized: Western beauty. Also considering the mass amount of ads that covered Seoul, promoting the Western beauty standard, the power of Western beauty shapes the way that Koreans see their own identity. The government also supported it heavily, and in the article, it was proposed to open a plastic-surgery clinic in an airport so travelers need to travel to the city. The power of Western standards also reach young children, shaping their own perceptions of beauty with regards to the idealized state.

Pretty Modern's beauty standards are also perpetuated by their state, idealizing the power of Western beauty...

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In Seoul, A Plastic Surgery Capital, Residents Frown On Ads For Cosmetic Procedure

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In Seoul, A Plastic Surgery Capital, Residents Frown On Ads For Cosmetic Procedure

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"Kim Sook-in, who makes her living as a porcelain artist, doesn't question cosmetic surgery or the prolific ads promoting it.

"It's every woman's desire to become prettier, so I think it's a good thing," Kim says." (Hu, 2018). The concept of identity is shown here because it can be seen that in Korea, many women are subjected to certain beauty standards so frequently that severe internalized insecurity about looks becomes a collective identity among Korean women because the quote says that it's "every woman's desire to become prettier" suggesting that they never feel pretty enough.

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Selfies and self-care are leading millennials to get more cosmetic procedures, study says

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Selfies and self-care are leading millennials to get more cosmetic procedures, study says

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"... plastic-surgery trends are moving away from "overly-enhanced looks"... and shifting toward a more natural appearance. However, almost 100 percent of the AAFPRS members felt that celebrities still have an influence in cosmetic-procedure trends."

This demonstrates a reduction in the commodity fetishism of celebrities, though they still have an impact on our perception of beauty. People are more confident with their own bodies and identities instead of chasing the 'ideal image' popularized by celebrities. However, as seen in Pretty Modern, the dramatic increase in cosmetic procedures in lower economic classes indicates that people still believe they need the procedures to be beautiful.

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The pressure of perfection: five women tell their stories

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The pressure of perfection: five women tell their stories

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Chardine Taylor-Stone, 31, who works in the arts in London

"Perfection, or what society deems perfect, is not attainable for everyone, but it feels even further away for a woman of colour. The image of perfection is a certain physical type: a skinny woman with blond hair etc. Those things are not even half attainable to you, and you sometimes feel you were born imperfect."

Here, Chardine links her ascribed identity as a woman of color to the Euro-centric standard of beauty that feels unattainable to her. The standard of "a skinny woman with blond hair etc." is reflected in Brazil's siliconadas as well, especially as plastic surgery trends towards "whitening", european features. If one doesn't feel like their ascribed identity fits notions of beauty, they may desire and fetishize it.

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In Seoul, A Plastic Surgery Capital, Residents Frown On Ads For Cosmetic Procedure

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In Seoul, A Plastic Surgery Capital, Residents Frown On Ads For Cosmetic Procedure

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Autri

"Much of the ideal [beauty] is industrialized. It's being created by the beauty industry, by K-pop [Korean pop music], by perhaps even the government, in what they're selling to the rest of the world as to the ideal Korean beauty."

The body is treated as a commodity that has cultural meaning. It is bought and sold by the "beauty industry, by K-pop" suggesting that it is given significance by beauty and music industries which are central to Korea's identity and culture. Further, Korea sells the body to the "rest of the world" indicating that the body is an object given inherent power as it symbolizes parts of Korean culture and identity to the world. This is similar to Pretty Modern in which the ideal female body is used to give Brazil an unique, modern identity in the global context.

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In Seoul, A Plastic Surgery Capital, Residents Frown On Ads For Cosmetic Procedure

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In Seoul, A Plastic Surgery Capital, Residents Frown On Ads For Cosmetic Procedure

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""Much of the ideal [beauty] is industrialized. It's being created by the beauty industry, by K-pop [Korean pop music], by perhaps even the government, in what they're selling to the rest of the world as to the ideal Korean beauty," she [Willoughby] says."

This quote highlights the materiality in Seoul's culture, as it shows how industries promote the beauty standards, which convince woman to spend lots of money and time on their physical appearances in order to fit in with the norm. This connects to pretty modern as the same thing is happening there. Many famous people promote plastic surgeries, people openly talk about what is wrong with your body with you. Similarly, the materiality is being promoted by major industries, which promotes capitalism and consumerism as well.

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When Obsession With Beauty Becomes A Disease 

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When Obsession With Beauty Becomes A Disease 

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"...'This is keeping me from doing things I want to do'; 'I’m spending my money in a way I’m not really comfortable spending my money'; 'I’m angry about the fact that it costs me so much more to look presentable at work than it costs a man'..." (Silver 2017).

Srishti: This shows the amount of power our cultural beliefs have over women. The fact that they "have" to spend more time and money to look "presentable" in society represents the amount of power that our beliefs as a culture have on individuals; they have to spend more time and money to do things they don't nessesariy want to, but because they "have to".

Further, we can connect this idea to Pretty Modern because of how women spend so much money to get plastic surgery, often when they can't afford it, possibly not just for their self-esteem, but to look "sand-ready" for the beach, to the point where they plan this out in the winter for the following summer.

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"Ours is a nation obsessed by beauty and slenderness à la Gisele Bündchen. Brazil is second only to the United States in the use of plastic surgery, with 1.5 million operations a year. If you become slightly overweight, Brazilians will comment; you will feel bad about your body and start hesitating in the shadows around swimming pools, like a shy hippopotamus" (Barbara 14).

This quote demonstrates the societal norms that Brazil establishes and continues to maintain in regards to how the bodies of Brazilian women look. The usage of medical beauty work is therefore exacerbated through such norms. This suggests that plastic surgery in Brazil is driven by one's desire to improve themself "functionally" and aesthetically, but the desire itself may be fueled in part to avoid encounters with people who are outspoken in their opinion on other people's bodies.

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Thinner Cheeks, Lots of Tweaks: America's Plastic Surgeon List Trends

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Thinner Cheeks, Lots of Tweaks: America's Plastic Surgeon List Trends

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"Gen Z (those born between 1997 and 2012) is not having a big influence on numbers,

despite talk of “Snapchat dysmorphia” and wanting to alter appearences to resemble

social media filters, according to the survey.

About 79% of plastic surgeons said, however, that a desire to look better in selfies is a

trend. Lip lifts were up 3% last year.

About 20% of patients refer to celebrities at their appointments, according to the

AAFPRS."

Plastic surgery patients are identified to often be influenced by social media perceivances as well as celebrities which are also similar to this, as they're simply people that society is able to observe and obsess over, with little to no information about their true personalities or identities that they choose not to display to the world.

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Selfies and self-care are leading millennials to get more cosmetic procedures, study says

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Selfies and self-care are leading millennials to get more cosmetic procedures, study says

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“Unlike previous generations, millennials aren't waiting until they're older to get Botox and fillers to make them appear younger; they're more apt to undergo procedures in their 20s and 30s so that they stay looking young.”

Botox, fillers, and all types of plastic surgery overall are seen as a material good by American society. The pressure to stay looking young and not age stems from societal beliefs and expectations for people, specifically women. People are able to fall into this belief and expectation because of the materialistic culture we live in, especially when the thought of plastic surgery is seen only as the result and not the process or expense.

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Demand for cosmetic surgeries is changing conversations around it

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Demand for cosmetic surgeries is changing conversations around it

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"Now some of the shame associated with these procedures may be dissipating, thanks to more people accessing them and more willingness to talk openly about them.

Holly Decker has become quite familiar with cosmetic procedures over the past few decades.

The professional makeup artist from Saskatoon has been in the business for around 20 years. Over that time she has worked on countless faces. She said she's seen an increase in cosmetic treatments, especially Botox and dermal fillers.

"I think more so in the last 10 years, and then very much so – and I'd say a lot more of it – in the last five."

In the past, she said, people who got a treatment like Botox would pretend they weren't.

"What I'm loving now is that people are more open to talking about things that they're doing and sharing information," she said. "I think that education on this is the most important component.""

People used to not talk about it and would deny if they did get any type of cosmetic surgery, it was taboo. But now because the conversation has changed people are more open about getting cosmetic surgery and are more willing to talk about it with other people. This is changing how people interact with each other about cosmetic surgeries.

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In Seoul, A Plastic Surgery Capital, Residents Frown On Ads For Cosmetic Procedure

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In Seoul, A Plastic Surgery Capital, Residents Frown On Ads For Cosmetic Procedure

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"The sameness she mentions is striking. Willoughby says it reflects the standard beauty ideal prized by Koreans: ivory skin, big, round eyes with the Western-looking double eyelid and a V-line jaw.

"There's just a sense that to conform, to be part of that norm, you have to look a certain way, act a certain way," Willoughby says."

The pressure on women in South Korea to conform to the intense beauty standards affects the expression of their identity. Their identity may be dictated by the societal structures that exist because of the plastic surgery industry in South Korea, and thus a group identity is created that is centered around physical attractiveness as a means of placing value on someone.

A similar group identity is created in Pretty Modern, which we can see through the immense amount of women getting plastic surgery in Brazil in order to become "prettier".

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"According to a recent survey by the Institute for Applied Economic Research, 26 percent of Brazilians agree that women who wear revealing clothes deserve to be assaulted. In the same poll, 59 percent said they thought that there would be fewer rapes if women knew how to behave."

This statistic shows how views of personhood in Brazil may differ on an individual based on their gender. Women's choices are demeaned and seen as less than because of their gender, and Brazilian society unfortunately puts that into question. Women's personhood is not valued in Brazilian society, and not conforming to the broader narrative often leads to social stigma that further lessens a woman's worth in Brazil.

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Demand for cosmetic surgeries is changing conversations around it

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Demand for cosmetic surgeries is changing conversations around it

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“The reasons why so many people, especially women, are seeking out cosmetic procedures are as relevant as ever. Many point to ageism and the pressure to appear youthful, like Madonna did after being described as "unrecognizable" after a recent appearance at the Grammys.”

Popular celebrities, such as Madona as said above, have such a high power over deciding trends and the expectations, specifically surrounding beauty. There is a social structure set in place of the celebrities being on top and the people looking up to the celebrities being below them. This allows for celebrities to have more agency since they have many followers, and can easily decide the trends that other people in a society need to have to gain more agency by following their trends.

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Objectified: A Push For Higher Education To Help Reduce Objectification Among Women, Girls

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Objectified: A Push For Higher Education To Help Reduce Objectification Among Women, Girls

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"Between the ages of 11 and 15, the girls also participate in a project where they are asked to sit in a circle and pass along a wooden box. They are told the box contains an image of someone special. They are encouraged to say something about the person they see without using words that describe a physical attraction... They find it too difficult to use a description that isn’t based on appearance. Those girls who do use descriptions like “good listener” or “bright minded” set an example for the others of ways to recognize attributes they all possess but are not always encouraged to highlight."

The summer camp that encourages young girls to realize their potential helps to define their personhood beyond physical appearance. The encouragement to redefine the worth of young girls' enables them to become more ambitious and pursue higher education without being bound by the burden of wanting to appear more physically attractive.

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"If you become slightly overweight, Brazilians will comment; you will feel bad about your body and start hesitating in the shadows around swimming pools, like a shy hippopotamus."

This shows how the perception of someones looks, on a physical level, dictates whether a person is confident or not. Indicating the lack amount of power someone really has over their own body and how they feel about themselves, also showing the large amount of power someone else has over your own body.

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The Pressure of Perfection: 5 women tell their stories

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The Pressure of Perfection: 5 women tell their stories

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"According to some studies, this is something that largely affects women. A US survey in 2009 found that women are also more likely than men to experience feelings of inadequacy at home and at work, and a larger proportion felt they failed to meet their own high standards... We decided to explore this topic with our readers, asking for young women’s experiences and stories of perfectionism. We received 134 responses – with an average age of 25. "

"Another source of pressure for me, personally, comes from the fact that the media has become obsessed with a particular aesthetic for mixed-race and black women. "

This article tries to explain how social media and other things greatly impact people and how they look at themselves. There is a correlation between the women, as they say, they want to be skinny, get plastic surgery, or have European features because that is considered attractive. Perfection, or what society deems perfect, is not attainable for everyone, but it feels even further away for a woman of color. The image of perfection is a certain physical type: a skinny woman with blond hair etc. Even if someone doesn't have those features, they wish that they did.

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When Obsession With Beauty Becomes a Disease - Renne Engeln 

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When Obsession With Beauty Becomes a Disease - Renne Engeln 

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Renne Engeln discusses how women become "beauty sick" when they focus too much on their looks, making it hard to enjoy other parts of life. This connects to the concept of identity as it shows how society's focus on appearance can shape how women see themselves. Similarly, in the book, it is explored how plastic surgery has become common in Brazil, reflecting cultural ideas about beauty and self worth. Both the article and the book highlight how societal pressures influence personal identity and self perception.

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"When young girls see this over and over and over, they subconsciously are told they have to be a certain way."

This highlights how the identities of young Korean girls are shaped by social standards enforced by the posting of plastic surgery advertisements. This shapes them to have a misconception of what they "should" look like, which affects their own sense of identity because they feel the need to conform to a shared "ideal" identity as presented by the advertisements.

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Selfies and self-care are leading millennials to get more cosmetic procedures, study says

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Selfies and self-care are leading millennials to get more cosmetic procedures, study says

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"It also appears that women and men differ drastically in their preferences. Most facial cosmetic-surgery procedures for women increased between 2017 and 2018, with the exception of hair transplants. The opposite held true for men -- most procedures saw a decrease, except for blepharoplasty (eyelid surgery) and facial implants."

The difference in how gender affects cosmetic procedures shows how identity is a huge part in how people present themselves and how they want to present themselves, leading to cosmetic changes. Because of the prominence of women on social media having very specific features that lead to issues in women, men seem more open in embracing their natural looks, leading to less cosmetic changes in general. This contrasts to Pretty Modern, which explains that both men and women undertake cosmetic surgery to enhance their looks, but also compares showing that despite that both men and women subject themselves to surgery, it most affects women, with women making up the majority in both the article and Pretty Modern.

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In Seoul, A Plastic Surgery Capital, Residents Frown On Ads For Cosmetic Procedure

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In Seoul, A Plastic Surgery Capital, Residents Frown On Ads For Cosmetic Procedure

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"When young girls see this [ads for cosmetic surgery] over and over and over, they subconsciously are told they have to be a certain way. So seeing less of it or seeing a greater diversity is a much better and much healthier thing," she says.

This shows the growing influence that the industry is having on women's self-esteem. When so many people are changing their physical appearance to look identical to everyone else it indicates a different interpretation of personal identity. They no longer want as much individuality as conformity, which could be indicative of a loss of their sense of self.

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Objectified: A Push For Higher Education To Help Reduce Objectification Among Women, Girls

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Objectified: A Push For Higher Education To Help Reduce Objectification Among Women, Girls

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“82 percent of ten-year-old girls in the United States are afraid of being fat,” she said. “That is a startling statistic. They are so afraid of being fat and that they need to look a certain way. They are feeling those pressures that they have to be and feel a certain way because of their roles."

Identity refers to how a person's self-perception and the way they are viewed by others. Based on this quote, it is evident that the self-perception of young girls is largely based on their bodies. Since their identity partially stems from their body image, it follows that many young girls are "afraid of being fat." Further, "their roles," which is a part of how they are viewed by others, contributes to their fear of being fat. This connection between body image related stress and self-perception is present in Pretty Modern as well. Women in the book were often uncomfortable once they put on weight leading them to a perception of themselves that hurt their mental health. This in turn led them to plastic surgery.

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Demand For Plastic Surgery Is Changing Conversations Around It 

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Demand For Plastic Surgery Is Changing Conversations Around It 

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"Some of the reasons behind the demand included patients not traveling as much during the pandemic and using travel budgets for procedures, people seeing themselves constantly on Zoom, and the desire to feel good and more confident following the pandemic, according to the survey results" (Lipski 2023).

Srishti: This quote connects to materiality because of the way that people seem to be replacing their previous life endeavors with plastic surgery, during the pandemic. They want somewhere to spend the money on, and if they see their face everyday and decide to make changes, they have the ability to do so.

We can also see this in the book where when plastic surgery became more accessible to the working or "popular" classes, they went out and "fixed issues" they were insecure about, which is cheaper and faster than other non-surgical treatments wealthier people might have access to.

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Thinner Cheeks, Lots of Tweaks: America's Plastic Surgeons List Trends

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Thinner Cheeks, Lots of Tweaks: America's Plastic Surgeons List Trends

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"In 16 of 18 procedures tracked, women outnumbered men. Predictably, hair transplantation was more popular with men. Otoplasty, which is surgery to make ears less prominent, had the highest gender equality, according to the survey."

Gender has an impact on who is getting plastic surgery with the majority being women getting work done. The quote also says how hair transplants are most popular with men, which shows a social construct men are more likely to feel. Gender is a large part of one's identity and can affect all other aspects of life.

This is seen in Pretty Modern as most of the book is focused on women getting plastic surgery. While men will get some work done, there is still a majority of women getting plastic surgery. This shows how gender is a large part of identity and how it corresponds to whether you do or don't get plastic surgery.

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Objectified: A Push For Higher Education To Help Reduce Objectification Among Women, Girls

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Objectified: A Push For Higher Education To Help Reduce Objectification Among Women, Girls

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"There's definitely is a link between women who continue after high school and get their education, particularly at the bachelor level and higher, in terms of true self-esteem that relates to their minds, their hearts and their hands in terms of what they can do and how they can help others... women with a college degree are more likely to vote than those who only receive a high school diploma.. women who attend a college or university are also better at discussing issues related to race and gender roles and data also confirms that body image issues differ for women who are educated compared to those who are not higher education graduates."

The data discussed in this article highlights that when women proceed with higher education their agency when it comes to their self-esteem, civic duties, and community connection increases. Through education, women gain power as they are able to exercise their rights to vote and not be diminished by societal beauty norms.

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In Seoul, a Plastic Surgery Capital, Residents Frown on Ads For Cosmetic Procedure

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In Seoul, a Plastic Surgery Capital, Residents Frown on Ads For Cosmetic Procedure

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"But Koreans are starting to question the proliferation of cosmetic procedures. In response to a growing number of complaints from riders, the Seoul Metro, which runs the capital's public bus and subway system, announced in November that it will ban advertisements for plastic surgery at its stations."

""There's just a sense that to conform, to be part of that norm, you have to look a certain way, act a certain way," Willoughby says."

The government and other sources of beauty standard have impacted south Korea, and has shaped the way women look at themselves. They wanted surgies to be open to everyone, including tourists who want plastic surgery for cheap. These things make it so plastic surgery has evolved into something normal, and is a power that is brought forward by western beauty.

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In Vanessa Barbara's article she highlights the societal pressures Brazilian women face, noting that they are "expected to look gorgeous, tidy, and thin." This reflects the concept of power, as it highlights how cultural expectations influence women's behaviors and self image. Similarly, in the book, it is examined how beauty standards and the prevalence of plastic surgery in Brazil shape social interactions and personal identities. Both the book and article illustrate how societal norms and relationships impact women's perceptions of themselves and their roles in society.

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When Obsession With Beauty Becomes a Disease

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When Obsession With Beauty Becomes a Disease

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"70 percent of young women say they believe they’d be treated better by others if they looked more like the beauty ideal they see in the media." Women are inclined to believe that their appearence is not enough and seek to be "prettier." The quote exemplifies this as it implies that the 70% of young women believe they need to be prettier because others don't treat them as good, therefore correlating beauty to how they are as a person. Furthermore, basing beauty standards off of the "beauty ideal" on social media also correlates women's personhood to social media. How they are percieved in person is based on comparing them to social media models.

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Selfies and Self-care are Leading Millennials to get more Plastic Surgery

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Selfies and Self-care are Leading Millennials to get more Plastic Surgery

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"However, almost 100 percent of the AAFPRS members felt that celebrities still have an influence in cosmetic-procedure trends."

This illustrates how the group's expectations of what ideal beauty looks like shape how the younger generation views themselves and how they should look. The "worshipping" relationship between fans and celebrities creates a dynamic that influences the younger generation's perspective of themselves.

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When Obsession With Beauty Becomes a Disease

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When Obsession With Beauty Becomes a Disease

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"In her own research, Engeln has found that 82 percent of college-aged women report comparing their body unfavorably to a model’s body, and 70 percent of young women say they believe they’d be treated better by others if they looked more like the beauty ideal they see in the media" (Silver 17).

This quote alludes to the power that women feel and that society gives when the looks of women are "improved". Silver, the author of this article, later suggests that beauty is much more important for women than men, which results in women spending more time, money, and efforts on beauty to be seen as "equal" to men.